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1.
为探讨碰碰香(Plectranthus tomentosa)叶片香气的分子机制,本研究对其进行了转录组测序分析,挖掘挥发性物质合成的关键基因,为植物次生代谢和花卉的分子育种提供借鉴和参考。分析结果共得到了4.2 G有效数据,通过序列拼接得到56 883条Unigene。其中,有29 617条Unigene得到GO注释,18 704条Unigene得到COG注释。KEGG pathways分析结果表明,共有1 446条Unigene注释到新陈代谢途径,625条Unigene注释到次生代谢生物合成途径,其中参与单萜、二萜、倍半萜和萜类骨架合成的Unigene有59条,生物碱类29条,至少369条Unigene参与了甲苯、松香油、酯类和烷烃等挥发性物质的代谢途径。本研究为探讨碰碰香挥发性物质的分子机制,挖掘重要功能基因,及其研究开发应用提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

2.
为探索茶树响应高温胁迫的分子生理学机制,本研究通过转录组和数字基因表达谱技术,对高温胁迫前后的‘福鼎大白茶’、‘早白尖5号’两组茶树的差异表达进行分析,并基于转录组数据筛选鉴定茶树中与适应高温胁迫相关的保护基因和调控基因。结果显示,项目共测序获得53.7 Gb数据,组装并去冗余后获得的各样本Unigene均超过60 976条,总长度,平均长度,N50以及GC含量分别大于53 974 945 nt,840 nt,1 411 bp和41.36%。使用Blast将Unigene比对到七大功能数据库进行注释,在核苷酸序列信息库(nucleotide collection, NT)中被注释的Unigene序列最多,有109 581 (63.53%)条;高温胁迫后,‘福鼎大白茶’高温胁迫(fuHT) vs‘福鼎大白茶’常温对照(fuCK)和‘早白尖5号’高温胁迫(zaoHT) vs‘早白尖5号’常温对照(zaoCK)两个比较组分别筛选获得5 256和5 765个差异性表达基因,其中‘福鼎大白茶’上调基因4 379个,下调877个,‘早白尖5号’上调基因4 997个,下调768个。将差异基因按GO功能分类,‘福鼎大白茶’、‘早白尖5号’高温胁迫后差异基因均富集到41个类别中,分属于GO功能分类体系的生物学过程、细胞组分和分子功能。将差异基因进行KEGG功能分析,‘福鼎大白茶’、‘早白尖5号’两个对比组显著富集的代谢通路(pathway)前3名均为代谢途径、内质网中的蛋白质处理、次级代谢物的生物合成。选取17个在高温胁迫后被诱导的基因,利用实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)对高通量测序数据进行验证,证明测序结果真实可靠。本研究筛选出大量与高温胁迫相关的响应基因,为下一步耐热茶树新品种的选育提供了更多的理论参考。  相似文献   

3.
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4.
为了解荔枝叶片白化变异体遗传特点,本研究以白化变异体比例较高的‘玉谭蜜荔’白化变异体苗与正常苗为试验材料,测定叶片叶绿素含量,并观测叶绿体结构差异,最后通过高通量测序技术对苗期叶片进行转录组测序分析。结果表明:‘玉谭蜜荔’种子实生苗中白化变异体的比例约为8.59%;白化苗叶片色素含量极低,仅为正常苗的0.519%;叶绿体的结构松散,基粒片层结构较少或缺失。对高通量测序数据进行组装和注释,共获得Unigene 42 782条,平均长度987 bp,比对到Nr、KOG、KEGG、Swiss-prot四大数据库中,超过64%的Unigene序列获得注释,差异分析表明在细胞色素合成、光系统亚基合成蛋白、采光复合物a/b结合蛋白相关序列表达显著下调。本研究为该变异体的基因定位鉴定提供了一定的遗传基因注释信息。  相似文献   

5.
印度野牡丹(Melastoma malabathricum)属于野牡丹科野牡丹属,是双子叶有花植物,具有优良的观赏价值和药用价值,在未来的城乡绿化中具有较大的应用潜力和景观贡献力。本研究以粉色和白色的印度野牡丹为材料,采用RNA-seq转录组测序获得54 725条Unigene,并分别通过Nr、SwissProt、KOG和KEGG 4个数据库分别进行同源比对和功能注释,其中有11 319条Unigenes在4个数据库中都注释到了相应的功能基因。GO注释到123 355个Unigenes分为3个本体49个功能组,KEGG注释到7 880条Unigenes涉及129种代谢途径,其中部分Unigene涉及花色素合成途径、类黄酮合成途径、类胡萝卜素等合成途径。这些研究结果为后续深入开展印度野牡丹花青素等物质代谢合成途径及相关基因研究奠定基础。  相似文献   

6.
土沉香结香过程中不同部位转录组分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
《分子植物育种》2021,19(18):6035-6044
为鉴定与结香相关的关键酶基因和探明土沉香结香的分子机理,本研究以无机盐与激素混合诱导处理后18个月的土沉香为试验材料,采用RNA-Seq技术分别对土沉香未变色白木部位(W样品)、深棕色变色沉香层(R样品)、沉香层与白木之间浅棕色过度部位(H样品)进行转录组分析。经过测序及相关分析共计获得功能注释的Unigene共125 329条,占全部Unigene的57.38%。KEGG数据库比对有51 592条Unigenes归属到6大类代谢途径中,沉香层形成过程中获得的各途径差异Unigene数量最多。通过KEGG数据库同源检索鉴定17条编码沉香倍半萜合成途径的8个关键酶的Unigene。通过基因表达模式分析表明,与倍半萜化合物合成代谢相关基因在沉香形成期整体上表达模式呈上调,而与倍半萜化合物分解代谢相关的基因则呈下调表达。萜类物质合成代谢途径基因表达模式,与沉香形成过程中沉香层倍半萜类物质的大量积累表型相吻合,有助于更深入地揭示土沉香倍半萜合成的分子机制。  相似文献   

7.
虎眼万年青鳞茎转录组特性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
虎眼万年青具有很高的药用价值和经济价值,鳞茎是其主要的药用和繁殖器官,然而虎眼万年青鳞茎的分子生物学信息严重缺乏成为制约其研究生产的瓶颈。为获得虎眼万年青鳞茎的转录组信息,应用高通量测序技术对虎眼万年青鳞茎进行测序分析。采用His4000测序平台共获得8.2 G原始数据,经过整理分析后,获得7.6 G有效数据和121 223条Unigene;经过与NR、GO、COG及KEGG等数据库进行比较分析后,56 374条Unigene获得NR数据库的注释,39 263条Unigene获得GO数据库的注释,12 388条Unigene获得COG功能注释,5 405条Unigene参与了新陈代谢途径,2 477条Unigene参与了次生代谢途径,166条Unigene参与了萜类的合成,195条Unigene参与了生物碱的合成,295条Unigene作为转录因子参与新陈代谢过程调控。研究结果为采用生物技术手段提高虎眼万年青的药用成分的含量及改善其园艺性状提供了分子数据。  相似文献   

8.
白芨转录组特性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
白芨(Bletilla striata)具有较高的药用、经济和观赏价值,但是其基因组和转录组序列未知,严重影响了其的研究开发和利用。本研究采用His4000测序平台对白芨的全株进行了转录组测序分析,共获得原始数据6.8 G,有效数据6.7 G,243 410条Unigene,经过与NR、GO、KOG及KEGG等数据库进行比较分析后,83 541条Unigene被注释到NR数据库,50 178条Unigene被注释到GO数据库,10 007条Unigene在KOG数据库获得注释,43 637条Unigene在Swissprot数据库获得注释,15 321条被注释到KEGG代谢途径中,2 021条Unigene参与了糖类代谢,1 309条Unigene参与了氨基酸合成和代谢,120条Unigene参与了萜类合成,106条转录因子与代谢相关;微卫星位点有31 958个,其中单核苷酸最多,15 709个,占49.16%,其次为二核苷酸和三核苷酸,分别有9 145个和7 104个,占28.62%和22.23%。本研究为白芨的重要功能基因挖掘、遗传育种及其研究开发提供了参考和依据。  相似文献   

9.
《分子植物育种》2021,19(15):4977-4986
本研究以正常生长和喷施硝酸银(1 mmol/L)诱导子处理的百蕊草植株作为供试材料,基于高通量测序技术(Illumina Hi-seq 2000 platform)对百蕊草植株进行转录组测序分析探讨其黄酮类代谢通路及相关基因。结果表明,通过转录组测序共获得69 503条Unigene,平均长度为1 226 bp,48 666条被注释,其中9 192条Unigene在不同数据库都成功注释。KEGG分析获得黄酮类生物合成相关差异表达的关键基因中,Unigene较多且有较高表达的基因有查尔酮合酶基因(CHS)、反式肉桂酸4-单加氧酶基因(CYP73A)、4-香豆素-辅酶基因(4CL)、邻羟基肉桂酰基转移酶(HCT),表达量相对较低的基因有苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因(PAL)、黄烷酮3-羟化酶基因(F3H)、黄酮醇合酶基因(FLS)和黄酮醇葡萄糖基转移酶基因(FG3)。本研究还绘制了百蕊草素类成分的生物合成途径。此外,在百蕊草转录组中,检测到了32 008个简单序列重复(SSR)位点,长度为二碱基重复的SSR最为丰富,占34.22%;在单碱基重复和二碱基重复这两种类型中,最主要的优势重复单元分别是A/T和AG/CT。本研究结果为进一步研究百蕊草黄酮生物合成过程和关键基因克隆奠定研究基础。  相似文献   

10.
本研究采用高通量Illumina转录组测序技术对‘万海4号’(WH4)、‘博白大果’(BBDG)、‘长林40’(CL40)、‘岑软’(CR)和‘红花油茶’(HH)五个不同种质的油茶进行转录组测序并进行差异比较分析。结果表明,WH4、BBDG、CL40、CR以及HH通过组装分别获得了71 852、111 693、75 436、15 899和96 205个Unigenes,将所有Unigenes与公共数据库(Nr, Swiss-Prot, KOG, KEGG)进行相似性比对并注释,五种油茶注释基因所占百分比依次为65.51%、46.41%、60.57%、91.94%、54.98%;KEGG富集分析表明WH4、BBDG、CL40和HH中基因丰度最高的都是核糖体途径,而CR中基因丰度最高的是碳代谢途径;GO富集分析显示,WH4、BBDG、CL40、CR和HH基因分布结果一致。结合KEGG、GO和KOG富集分析,绘制出了油茶三萜皂苷生物合成途径通路图,筛选出该途径中的关键酶及相关基因,并对其进行了差异分析。该研究结果完善了油茶三萜皂苷生物合成途径相关基因的表达特征,可为油茶三萜皂苷的生物合成提供...  相似文献   

11.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of an ethanol vapor release pad and a saprophytic yeast Cryptococcus infirmo-miniatum (CIM) to reduce decay and maintain postharvest quality of intact or fresh-cut sweet cherries (Prunus avium) cv. Lapins and Bing. Intact or fresh-cut fruit were packed in perforated clamshells (capacity 454 g) and stored at 1, 10 or 20 °C for up to 21, 14 and 8 d, respectively. For ethanol treatment, a pad made with silica gel powder containing 10 g ethanol and covered with perforated film, which allows ethanol vapor to diffuse gradually, was attached to the upper lid of the clamshells. Ethanol treatment caused accumulation of ethanol in the packaging headspace, about 10 μL L−1 with little change within 14 d at 1 °C, 23 μL L−1 at d 1 and decreased to 15 μL L−1 at d 10 at 10 °C, and 26 μL L−1 at d 1 and decreased to 13 μL L−1 at d 3 at 20 °C. Ethanol content in fruit was less than 9 mg kg−1 in all the control fruit, and increased to 16, 34 and 43 mg kg−1 in ethanol-treated fruit at 1, 10 and 20 °C, respectively. Nonetheless, a sensory taste panel did not perceive any flavor difference from the ethanol treatment. The ethanol treatment retarded softening, darkening, and acid decrease in fruit as well as discoloration of the stems, and extended shelf-life of intact cherries. Ethanol reduced brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) in fresh-cut cherries stored at 20 °C, but not at 1 and 10 °C. A pre-packaging dip in CIM completely controlled brown rot in inoculated fresh-cut cherries stored at 1 °C, and in naturally infected cherries at 20 °C.  相似文献   

12.
膜下滴灌条件下高产甜菜灌溉的生理指标   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
甜菜是我国重要的糖料作物,其生物产量高,需水量大,合理灌溉是节约用水、提高产量的有效措施之一。本试验连续两年研究了内蒙古半干旱地区膜下滴灌条件下,不同灌水量甜菜块根产量与叶面积指数、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶水势、土壤含水量和耗水量之间的关系,以及不同灌水量对甜菜产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,高产甜菜的叶面积指数在叶丛快速生长期大于7.37,在块根糖分增长期和糖分积累期分别为6.08~6.51和4.19~5.57,在叶丛快速生长期、块根糖分增长期和糖分积累期叶水势分别为–0.09~–0.22、–0.18~–0.39和–0.26~–0.48 MPa,净光合速率分别为21.28~28.23、21.90~28.75和22.06~26.58μmol m–2 s–1,蒸腾速率在叶丛快速生长期和块根糖分增长期分别为9.36~10.21 mmol m–2 s–1和6.37~7.73 mmol m–2 s–1,在糖分积累期大于4.69 mmol m–2 s–1,耗水量分别为140.15~312.78、44.93~200.45和56.32~113.06 mm。甜菜产量、产糖量、水分利用效率均高的合理灌溉量,在丰雨年份(生育期降雨量500 mm)为1350 m3 hm–2,在少雨年份(生育期降雨量300 mm)为1800 m3 hm–2,为甜菜节水灌溉提供了理论依据和生理指标。  相似文献   

13.
Skin spot is an important physiological disorder of ‘Elstar’ apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) that occurs after fruit have been removed from controlled atmosphere storage. Skin spots are irregular patches of small, round, brown blemishes. Cross-sections reveal a browning of protoplasts (coagulated) and of cell walls that extends into the hypodermis. Skin spots are always associated with linear, gaping and non-gaping microcracks in the cuticle. Staining of apple skin with calcofluor white usually results in white fluorescence of cell walls but, within a skin spot, the white fluorescence is weak or absent. Cell walls within, and in the immediate vicinity of skin spots stain with phloroglucin/HCl indicating the presence of lignin. The area of skin affected by skin spots was positively and linearly correlated with the area of the non-blush fruit surface infiltrated by acridine orange. In general, skin spots were limited to the non-blush fruit surface and occurred more frequently near the stem-end than the calyx region of the fruit. Skin spot areas were correlated with a 2.5-fold increase in water vapour permeability compared with unaffected areas (23.8 ± 4.0 m s−1 with skin spots, 9.6 ± 2.1 × 10−5 m s−1 without skin spots). Strips of the fruit skin from regions with skin spots had an increased maximum force and modulus of elasticity. Dipping fruit in ascorbic acid (0.1 or 0.3 mM for 10 min) before storage decreased the area affected by skin spots. There was no effect of dipping in ethanol/water (70%, v/v, 15 min) or in solutions of captan (1.5 g L−1, 10 min) or trifloxystrobin (0.1 g L−1, 10 min). In contrast, prestorage treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (630 nL L−1 for 24 h) or poststorage incubation in H2O2 (10% for 2, 6, 10 and 16 h) increased skin spots. Our data are consistent with a typical cell response to an oxidative burst that seems to be focussed on particular regions of the ‘Elstar’ fruit surface by concentrations of cuticular microcracks, and that is possibly caused by reoxygenation injury upon removal from CA storage.  相似文献   

14.
Summary We conducted a joint Ecuador/Colombia/United States wild potato (Solanum sect. Petota) germplasm collecting expedition in Ecuador from April 13–July 1, 1991. The goals of the expedition were to collect germplasm and study the species boundaries of all of the 25 Ecuadorian taxa accepted by current taxonomists. We made 126 collections of 24 of these 25 taxa, 113 as germplasm samples, 13 only as herbarium collections. We synonymize six of these 25 names (S. baezense Ochoa, S. cyanophyllum Correll, S. pichinchense Bitter & Sodiro, S. serratoris Ochoa, S. suffrutescens Correll as synonyms of S. andreanum Baker; S. correllii Ochoa as a synonym of S. regularifolium Correll). Four other names (S. chomatophilum f. angustifoliolum Correll, S. moscopanum Hawkes, S. solisii Hawkes, S. tundalomense Ochoa) could not be consistently distinguished from S. colombianum Dunal in the field. We are currently investigating them to determine their species status.  相似文献   

15.
Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng ex Kuo (2n = 2x = 14, NsNs), a source of wheat stripe rust, take-all fungus, and powdery mildew resistance with tolerance to salinity and drought, has been successfully hybridized as the pollen parent to bread wheat without using immature embryo rescuing culture for the first time. All of the CSph2b × P. huashanica hybrid seeds germinate well. Backcross derivatives were successfully obtained. F1 hybrids were verified as intergeneric hybrids on the basis of morphological observation, cytological and molecular analyses. The results obviously showed the phenotypes of the hybrid plants were intermediate between bread wheat and P. huashanica. Chromosome pairing at MI of PMCs in the F1 hybrid plants was low, and the meiotic configuration was 26.80 I + 0.60 II (rod). Cytological analysis of the hybrid plants revealed the ineffectiveness of the ph2b gene on chromosome association between the parents. Eight RAPD-specific markers for Ns genome were selected for RAPD analysis, and the results indicated that F1 hybrids contained the Ns genome of P. huashanica. Furthermore, the significance of the finding for bread wheat improvement was discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Six blast‐resistant pearl millet genotypes, ICMB 93333, ICMB 97222, ICMR 06444, ICMR 06222, ICMR 11003 and IP 21187‐P1, were crossed with two susceptible genotypes, ICMB 95444 and ICMB 89111 to generate F1s, F2s and backcrosses, BC1P1 (susceptible parent × F1) and BC1P2 (resistant parent × F1) for inheritance study. The resistant genotypes were crossed among themselves in half diallel to generate F1s and F2s for test of allelism. The F1, F2 and backcross generations, and their parents were screened in a glasshouse against Magnaporthe grisea isolates Pg 45 and Pg 53. The reaction of the F1s, segregation pattern of F2s and BC1P1 derived from crosses involving two susceptible parents and six resistant parents revealed the presence of single dominant gene governing resistance in the resistant genotypes. No segregation for blast reaction was observed in the F2s derived from the crosses of resistant × resistant parents. The resistance reaction of these F2s indicated that single dominant gene conferring resistance in the six genotypes is allelic, that is same gene imparts blast resistance in these genotypes to M. grisea isolates.  相似文献   

17.
A number of studies have shown that responses of apple fruit to 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) vary considerably among cultivars. This study was designed to determine if cultivars show differences in accumulation of gaseous 1-MCP. Apple fruit were placed in 1.76 L jars that were sealed and injected with 20 μL L−1 1-MCP. After 12 h, samples of intercellular atmosphere were removed and analyzed for 1-MCP concentration. Accumulation of internal gaseous 1-MCP varied markedly among cultivars, ranging from 0.14 ± 0.06, 0.22 ± 0.03, and 0.77 ± 0.30 in ‘Redcort’, ‘McIntosh’, and ‘Empire’, respectively, to 2.10 ± 0.28, 3.33 ± 0.13, and 6.93 ± 0.35 μL L−1 in ‘Gala’, ‘Cameo’, and ‘Honeycrisp’, respectively. Accumulation of gaseous 1-MCP was reduced an average of 51% in fruit treated with Sta-Fresh 8711 fruit wax. The role of the epidermis in modulating 1-MCP ingress was determined by measuring gaseous 1-MCP accumulation in fresh-cut tissue. Fresh-cut cortical tissue rapidly depleted headspace 1-MCP (>95%) over a 1-h exposure yet accumulated negligible quantities of internal gaseous 1-MCP. By contrast, cortical tissue treated with ascorbic acid or hypotaurine, or aged for several hours prior to exposure to 1-MCP, showed reduced consumption of headspace 1-MCP and high accumulation of internal gaseous 1-MCP. Levels of internal 1-MCP in cortical tissue from the cultivars generally paralleled those for intact fruit, ranging from 0.23 ± 0.07, 0.37 ± 0.18 and 1.09 ± 0.14 μL L−1 in ‘Empire’, ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Redcort’, respectively, to 2.40 ± 0.71, 4.55 ± 0.15, and 6.24 ± 0.85 in Gala’, ‘Cameo’, and ‘Honeycrisp’, respectively. Although commercial fruit wax influences gaseous 1-MCP accumulation, the comparable accumulation patterns in unwaxed whole and fresh-cut apple fruit suggest that epidermal tissue/native waxes alone do not account for cultivar differences.  相似文献   

18.
干旱荒漠区物理结皮的土壤水文效应   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  
在干旱荒漠区,物理结皮是广泛发育的一类结皮,其存在对维持干旱荒漠区生态平衡具有重要作用。笔者总结了物理结皮种类、形成及影响因素,综述了物理结皮对土壤降雨入渗、蒸发、地表径流以及土壤发育和微生物生长等方面的国内外研究动态,探讨了物理结皮和生物结皮的相互联系,在此基础上,提出了物理结皮进一步研究的展望,认为：在河西走廊东段的民勤沙区,粘土沙障加梭梭的固沙造林模式,促使粘土沙障在雨滴的冲刷下物理结皮广泛发育,发育的结皮降低了降水入渗,增加了地表径流,使深层土壤旱化,造成人工梭梭固沙林衰退和较深层土壤水分的减少,导致沙区生态水文过程和植被格局变化,研究对退化荒漠植被恢复与干旱沙区土壤水分循环具有意义。  相似文献   

19.
Interspecific hybrid performance and meiotic chromosome behavior of F1 hybrids were studied to elucidate the genetic relationship between C. tovarii and the other Capsicum species. C. tovarii was hybridized, as a female and a male parent, to C. annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. chacoense, C. galapogense, C. baccatum, C. praetermissum, C. cardenasii, C. eximium and C. pubescens. When the hybridization of C. baccatum × C. tovarii was performed, F1, F2 and backcross progenies were successfully obtained. In addition, a successful hybridization of C. praetermissum × C. tovarii was also obtained. A cytological investigation of F1 hybrids of C. baccatum × C. tovarii revealed that most meiotic chromosomes paired as bivalents. However, multivalents, chromosome bridges, and chromosome lags were observed. These results suggest that C. baccatum differs from C. tovarii by at least a chromosomal reciprocal translocation. Crosses of C. tovarii to C. chinense and C. frutescens produced plump seeds, but none of the seeds germinated. Hybridizations of C. tovarii to C. pubescens, C. eximium and C. cardenasii did not produce seed. These hybridization results indicate that C. tovarii is genetically more closely related to the C. baccatum complex than to the C. annuum complex or the C. pubescens complex. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

20.
Summary For RFLP mapping of R-genes, determining resistance to specific races of Phytophthora infestans in tetraploid potato, it is necessary to develop well segregating populations at the 2x level. During mapping studies, evidence was obtained that more genetic factor(s) are involved in the expression of R-genes than conventionally believed. Two experiments are described in which such an additional genetic factor was suppressing or enhancing the expression of unknown R nand R ifactors. R nand R iappeared to be present in the investigated plant material, containing R4 and R10, or in one of the susceptible crossing parents. In a third experiment, the expression and the segregation of the well known R1 gene was influenced by an additional genetic factor. In that case there were indications for a dominant suppressor. This was established by the selection of susceptible plants carrying a RFLP allele of probe GP21 closely linked to R1. In three of the four F1 populations, resulting from crosses between such susceptible plants and susceptible tester plants, resistnat progenies were found. The resistance appeared to be R1-specific. This clearly indicates that in three of the four investigated susceptible plants, the R1 gene was still present but not expressed.  相似文献   

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