共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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研究光合细菌产氢过程中菌体活性的变化及产氢基质对菌体活性的影响对于揭示光合细菌光合产氢本质,提高光合细菌产氢效率具有重要意义。该文以光合细菌为研究对象,以葡萄糖为产氢基质,研究了产氢基质对光合细菌的生长及产氢活性的影响,分析了产氢过程中菌体生长活性下降的原因,并探讨了产氢基质添加浓度对光合细菌吸收光谱的影响。结果发现,光合细菌利用葡萄糖产氢过程中存在着代谢产酸过程,产生的代谢酸引起菌液的酸化,细胞生长受到酸性条件抑制,菌体活性下降。当底物葡萄糖浓度低于3 mmol/L时,光合细菌不产氢,但菌体吸收光谱特征 相似文献
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光合细菌强化高浓度酵母废水厌氧生物处理效果研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
高浓酵母废水的厌氧生物处理效率对废水处理系统的运行成本和经济可行性具有至关重要的作用。该文采用光合细菌强化厌氧污泥的方法处理酵母废水,考察了废水在厌氧处理前后的化学需氧量、色度变化以及光合细菌加入前后微生物的OTU分布、厌氧污泥细菌的物种门类、污泥古菌聚类结果序列数量的变化。结果表明:光合细菌加入后,单段厌氧反应器处理酵母废水化学需氧量和色度去除率分别由原来的58.20%、47.50%显著提升至75.12%和62.04%,光合细菌强化厌氧生物处理过程效果明显。微生物多样性分析发现在厌氧污泥驯化和添加光合细菌强化过程中,优势菌种不断累积,特异性增强,物种门类数目减少。光合细菌与其他异养细菌存在共生关系,加入光合细菌后污泥中产甲烷优势群落微生物明显增多,从而提高厌氧系统的处理效果。研究结果为高浓工业有机废水的有效处理提供了参考。 相似文献
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试验研究了喷施光合细菌菌液对新型烟草品系--普通烟草与药用植物远缘杂种后代紫苏烟和曼陀罗烟生长发育及化学成分的影响.光合细菌菌液由Rhodospirillium、 Rhodopseudomonas、 Rhodobacter、 Chromatium和Chlorobium等菌株发酵培养,菌液含菌数达5×109个·mL-1.在苗期和烟苗移栽大田后,对烟叶叶面喷施1:200稀释的光合细菌菌液,能够促进新型烟草生长,改善其叶长、叶宽、茎围和节距等农艺性状.烟叶化学成分分析表明,光合细菌对新型烟草内在化学成分含量及其协调性具有显著影响,尤其"紫苏烟2号"能降低烟碱并增加钾的含量.评吸结果显示,光合细菌处理后的烟叶香味独特,余味纯净,劲头适中,更加呈现出新型烟草所具有的品质特征. 相似文献
4.
光合细菌产氢系统产热速率影响因素 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以产氢细菌为试验菌种,采用单因子试验的方法,研究了光合细菌产氢系统产热速率的影响因素,结果表明：不同产氢条件下系统产热速率均呈先增加后减小的趋势,最大产热速率一般出现在6～8 h。初始温度、光照度和接种量对产氢系统的产热速率有显著影响,葡萄糖浓度和NH4+浓度对产热速率有一定的影响,但相对较小。初始温度为27℃、光照度为3000 Lx、接种量为10%、葡萄糖浓度4.0%、NH4+浓度为0.6 g/L时,光合细菌产氢系统的产热速率最大。该文为光合细菌制氢技术的工业化以及光合生物制氢反应器运行过程中温度控制系统的设计提供了依据。 相似文献
5.
一株富含类胡萝卜素光合细菌菌株GP-7的分离鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从珠海横琴岛近海海水中筛选到一株光合细菌GP-7,测定了其类胡萝卜素含量,通过形态观察及16S rRNA编码序列同源性比较分析确认其种属,并对该菌的生长条件和生物学特征进行了初步的研究。结果表明：GP-7的类胡萝卜素质量分数为4.87 mg/g（干菌体）,该菌符合光合细菌的生物学特征,其最适pH为7.0,盐度为1.0%;16S rRNA基因分子系统学分析表明,该菌株与紫色非硫菌（Rhodoplanes）相似性为99.5%。 相似文献
6.
秸秆微粉的光合细菌制氢过程是放热反应,引起的热效应会直接影响产氢效果。为了实现高效低能耗产氢,该文采用秸秆微化粉碎与酶水解预处理相结合的方法,利用自制的秸秆微粉光合细菌制氢反应热测试系统,进行了不同初始温度对秸秆微粉酶解光合细菌制氢反应热的影响试验研究,结果表明:当初始温度为30℃时,最大反应热约为7.1 kJ,最大产热速率约为1.01 kJ/h,反应末期累计反应热约为32.9 kJ,累计产氢量约为745.9 mL,光合细菌制氢反应最充分,产氢效果最好;累计产氢量和底物能量转化率可用累计反应热的二次多项式来表示,光能转化率可用累计反应热的三次多项式来表示。该研究结论可为揭示秸秆微粉酶解光合细菌制氢过程的热量释放变化规律,从生物反应热角度优化工艺参数和预测光合细菌制氢效果提供参考依据。 相似文献
7.
光合细菌是目前国内外致力研究和开发应用的微生物资源，对于光合细菌的基础理论及应用研究近十年来在我国发展很快，但规模生产的技术仍不成熟。作者通过五年多的研究和三年的中试生产，摸索出一套比较成熟的规模生产技术。这种规模生产将会给水产养殖业、农业、环境保护、新型能源开发等领域带来新的进展。 相似文献
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试验研究光合细菌菌液对温室甜椒生长及产量的影响结果表明,光合细菌菌液可增强甜椒光合速率和过氧化氢酶活性,增加叶绿素含量,进而增产。 相似文献
11.
V. Saucedo-Rivalcoba A. L. Mart��nez-Hern��ndez G. Mart��nez-Barrera C. Velasco-Santos J. L. Rivera-Armenta V. M. Casta?o 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,218(1-4):557-571
The feasibility of employing a porous polyurethane?Ckeratin hybrid membrane for the removal of hexavalent chromium was investigated. Keratin was extracted from chicken feathers and incorporated onto a synthetic polyurethane polymer to synthesize a hybrid membrane. Keratin supply active sites to bioadsorb Cr(VI) and polyurethane play an important role as the support to protein. Also, polyurethane?Ckeratin biofiber membranes were synthesized. Biofibers obtained from chicken feathers were modified to activate their surface. The effective pore in membranes is less than 50 nm, which places these materials in the mesopore range. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the morphology of membranes, and mechanical dynamical analysis (DMA) was used to evaluate the viscoelastic properties. NH, C=O, S?CS and C?CS were determined via Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis as functional groups of keratin, which participate in the linking sorption of hexavalent chromium. Adsorption of Cr(VI) was carried out in a filtering system at low contact time in continuous flux; the maximum removal reached was 38% at neutral pH of chromium solution. Results indicate that the isoelectric point of keratin is relevant in the adsorption process. pH of keratin solution above the isoelectric point brings about higher adsorption of heavy metals, whereas lower pH causes minor adsorptions, due to the functional groups?? ion charges. Based on the results, keratin extracted from feathers is a natural biosorbent that can be incorporated onto synthetic polymers to develop novel membranes and improve its applications in the heavy metal separation process. 相似文献
12.
Benito J. M. Ebel S. Gutiérrez B. Pazos C. Coca J. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,128(1-2):181-195
The influence of operating conditions on permeate flux was investigated using organic ultrafiltration membranes to treat a synthetic cutting-oil emulsion containing 0.05 to 0.8 wt. % oil. A commercial cutting oil, Alba-Kool, and four organic ultrafiltration membranes, two made of polysulfone (PM10 and PM30) and the other two of regenerated cellulose (YM10 andYM30), with cut-off sizes of 10 000 or 30 000 Dalton, were used.All experiments were performed in a commercially available stirred ultrafiltration cell. Within the range of operating conditions studied, it was found that the highest fluxes wereobtained at the following conditions: crossflow velocity (rotation speed) of 375 rpm, temperature of 40 °C andtransmembrane pressure of 0.1–0.15 MPa. Oil rejections between99 and 99.9% were obtained. Complete membrane regeneration wasachieved with a 2 vol. % aqueous solution of a commercial cleaning agent (Derquim+, Panreac). 相似文献
13.
膜分离技术大规模成功地应用于海水、苦咸水的淡化、超纯水制备及食品工业、生物工程、电子工业、石油、化学工业、环保工程等领域，是一种高新分离技术。然而膜分离技术尚存在许多理论和技术上的问题需要研究、开发、完善和提高，其中以膜材料显得尤为突出。目前膜分离设备中使用的有机膜受材料性能的影响，在通量、选择性和化学稳定性、热稳定性方面存在很大缺陷；而陶瓷膜受制备工艺的影响，孔径不易控制在比较狭窄的范围，造成膜的分离精度不高，截留分子量过于分散，致命的是陶瓷膜支撑体强度不够，使用过程中会发生突然的脆断或破裂。金属膜是2 相似文献
14.
柑桔汁陶瓷膜微滤澄清和污染阻力试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了探讨柑桔汁微滤澄清技术及微滤膜污染阻力,建立膜清洗方法,研究以0.2 mm陶瓷膜微滤柑桔汁时膜通量变化及处理效果,结果表明：当温度30℃、压差0.16 MPa及膜面流速4 m/s时,全循环模式下稳定膜通量为22.4 L/(m2·h),浓缩模式下体积浓缩因子为12时,膜通量为10.6 L/(m2·h),澄清汁得率达91.67%;澄清汁浊度仅为0.62 NTU,澄清度高达99.93%,且各主要营养成分变化不大。通过建立膜污染阻力模型,考察操作参数对各分解阻力的影响,进而研究膜污染动力学后发现：压差对不可逆极化层阻力影响最为明显;增大膜面流速显著降低各极化层阻力,但对不可逆污染阻力作用不大;升高温度使得各阻力下降;膜污染可用拟二级速率方程描述。研究污染膜清洗过程,结果表明采用去离子水、1% NaOH和0.5% NaClO混合液、0.2% HNO3溶液依次清洗膜,膜通量可迅速恢复。 相似文献
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本文根据土壤侵蚀分类原则,在1:10000彩红外航片上获取影像的土壤侵蚀判读标志,应用遥感技术调查编制了小流域土壤侵蚀强度图。实践证明,该方法具有快速、准确和省工特点,可直观反映水土流失现状、侵蚀类型的分布面积大小和特征,评价土壤侵蚀强度,为流域综合治理和开发利用提供依据。分析结果同时表明:西吉试验区经过6年的综合治理,土壤侵蚀强度已由治理前的强度侵蚀类型下降为微度侵蚀类型。 相似文献
16.
Takuma Tanada 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):1743-1750
The physiological role of boron in plants is depicted as that of a transducer in several processes initiated by light, gravity, and some plant hormones. Some studies had shown that these actions of light and gravity depend upon the presence of boron. Boron had been demonstrated to be concentrated in the cell membrane. It is suggested that boron acts by forming a strong, positive electrostatic charge in the membrane through the capture of an electron loosen from a donor (probably a sulfhydryl containing compound) which is perturbed by actions of light, gravity, and phytohormones. The generated positive charge could control the passage of ions through pores of the cell membrane to regulate pinnule movement. The positive charge could also attract and orient negatively charged molecules, such as nucleic acids, and thereby initiate, facilitate, or control certain vital reactions involved in cell division, cell elongation, and flowering. 相似文献
17.
Tanada T 《Journal of plant nutrition》1995,18(9):1743-1750
The physiological role of boron in plants is depicted as that of a transducer in several processes initiated by light, gravity, and some plant hormones. Some studies had shown that these actions of light and gravity depend upon the presence of boron. Boron had been demonstrated to be concentrated in the cell membrane. It is suggested that boron acts by forming a strong, positive electrostatic charge in the membrane through the capture of an electron loosened from a donor (probably a sulhydryl containing compound) which is perturbed by actions of light, gravity, and phytohormones. The generated positive charge could control the passage of ions through pores of the cell membrane to regulate pinnule movement. The positive charge could also attract and orient negatively charged molecules, such as nucleic acids, and thereby initiate, faciliate, or control certain vital reactions involved in cell division, cell elongation, and flowering. 相似文献
18.
Gnanasiri S. Premachandra Hirohumi Saneoka Kounosuke Fujita Shoitsu Ogata 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):661-666
Abstract A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of P nutrition under water stress on the cell membrane stability measured by the polyethylene glycol test, plant growth, and internal plant water relations in maize (Zea mays L.). Adaptation to water deficits with improved P nutrition was observed. The cell membrane stability increased, leaf water potential and osmotic potential decreased, and turgor potential increased with improved P nutrition. Osmoregulation was evident with improved P nutrition. Sugar and K were the major osmotic contributors. Total plant dry weight and relative growth rate increased with improved P nutrition under water stress, suggesting that the supply of extra P to plants may be beneficial to increase the tolerance to drought. 相似文献
19.
Use of anion-exchange membrane extraction for the high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of mustard seed glucosinolates 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A new one-step extraction using anion-exchange membranes for the HPLC determination of glucosinolates in mustard seeds is reported. The exchange of glucosinolates on the membranes was studied using sinigrin in solutions and sinigrin added as an internal standard to seeds of yellow mustard. By varying time of extraction, membrane size, and sample size, the optimal conditions for maximum glucosinolate recovery were determined and the following procedure was adopted: 0.2 g of ground mustard seeds are heated in 20 mL of boiling water for 5 min. After cooling, samples are transferred to plastic centrifuge tubes, 9-cm(2) membranes are added, and suspensions are shaken on a mechanical shaker for 2.5 h. Glucosinolates are then eluted from the membranes with 25 mL of 1 N KCl by shaking again for 2.5 h. Using this procedure, the sinigrin extraction from solutions and from mustard seeds was linear with 80% recovery. Seeds of yellow, brown, oriental, and Indian mustard were analyzed by this procedure; excellent reproducibility, with coefficients of variation in the range 1.0-4.3% were obtained. This method offers a simple and inexpensive alternative to complicated and tedious procedures for glucosinolate isolation/purification required for chromatographic determinations. 相似文献
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为真实描述植物薄壁细胞物料干燥过程的水分传输机理,该文基于组织生理结构、微观参数测量技术和细胞结构变化,提出了适用于整个低温对流干燥过程的薄壁细胞组织模型。模型假设组织由细胞聚集而成,细胞由细胞壁、细胞膜和细胞腔模型溶液组成。细胞壁中的水分为纯水,干燥过程中细胞壁仅变形,不收缩;细胞膜为理想半透膜,集总了真实细胞内所有的跨膜渗透效应;模型溶液中的水分扩散则代表了真实细胞内部所有的扩散效应;干燥过程中,细胞膜始终紧贴细胞壁,细胞失去膨压后,塌陷收缩。基于组合参数传输模型建模方法构建了考虑细胞和收缩的一维传质模型。模型中细胞尺度的水分传输为局部水势平衡假设下的细胞腔到细胞腔、细胞壁网络和细胞气相间隙传输,宏观传递系数直接由细胞传输特性推演获得。模拟和试验表明:平均干基含水率不低于1.0 kg/kg时,模型可准确预测马铃薯组织的干燥过程,相对误差不超过20%。模型分析揭示:马铃薯组织干燥过程水分传输途径的优先级为细胞腔到细胞腔细胞壁网络细胞间隙。 相似文献