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1.
[目的]分析渭河干流甘肃段生态安全现状,为该流域生态文明建设提供理论依据。[方法]通过DPSIR模型构建渭河干流甘肃段生态安全评价指标体系,运用组合赋权法确定指标权重,并利用障碍模型诊断障碍因子。[结果](1)渭河干流甘肃段生态安全指数呈先降后升的趋势,生态安全等级由Ⅳ(较危险)经Ⅴ(危险)先向Ⅳ(较危险)再向Ⅲ(预警)转变;(2)项目层指数变化幅度较小,驱动力、压力和影响指数波动下降,状态和响应指数波动上升,生态安全状况整体有所好转;(3)人口增长率、经济增长率、植被覆盖率、城镇污水处理率和农业用水利用率是影响渭河干流甘肃段生态安全的主要障碍因子。[结论]未来应注重经济、政治、文化、生态环境四者的有机统一,进一步推动经济与生态的和谐发展。 相似文献
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[目的]对比不同林草植被恢复类型下黄土团聚体稳定性和入渗特性的差异,为黄土高原地区生态恢复模式的合理优化提供理论支持。[方法]以黄土区撂荒地(C1,对照)、苜蓿地(C2)、天然草地(C3)、油松+侧柏混交林(L1)、刺槐+侧柏混交林(L2)为对象,采用萨维诺夫法和单环双水头法分别测定了水稳性团聚体组成状况、饱和导水率(Ks)。以平均质量直径(MWD)、几何直径(GMD)、颗粒分形维数(D)、破坏率(PAD)、>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体占比(Mw)和饱和导水率为评价指标,分析了不同林草植被恢复类型的土壤团聚体稳定性和入渗特性差异及其影响因素。[结果](1)0—30 cm土层范围内,C1的GMD和MWD最低,林草植被恢复类型的GMD,MWD表现为L1和C3>L2和C2,而PAD和D则相反。(2)0—10 cm土层,L... 相似文献
3.
基于PSR模型的广西石漠化地区土地生态安全动态评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]对广西壮族自治区轻度及以上石漠化地区进行土地生态安全评价,为该区土地生态安全及其可持续发展提供科学参考。[方法]基于PSR模型构建了广西石漠化地区土地生态安全评价指标体系,采用熵权赋权法确定权重,运用生态安全综合模型,对研究区2005,2015年的土地生态安全综合指数进行计算。[结果]广西石漠化地区土地生态安全主导因素为人口密度、单位GDP综合耗能、土地垦殖率、耕地粮食单产、城市化水平、人口自然增长率等因素;压力指数、状态指数和响应指数共同决定广西石漠化地区土地生态安全评价的综合指数;从时间上看,2005—2015年广西石漠化地区土地生态安全经历了从临界安全等级向较安全等级的变化趋势,土地生态安全的状况主要因响应状态系统的提升,而使得综合土地生态安全指数有所上升。从空间上看,2005年贵港地区的土地生态安全等级处于不安全级,2015年南宁、贵港、来宾等地区的土地生态安全等级处于较不安全级。[结论]广西石漠化地区的土地生态安全略有上升,但受压力和状态子系统承载力水平的限制,研究区的土地生态安全仍处于中等水平,需要进一步加强土地生态安全建设。 相似文献
4.
为探讨离子液体1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸([C3mim]BF4)对植物种子萌发、幼苗生长及生理生化的影响,采用水培法检测不同浓度(0、100、200、300、400、500 mg·L-1)[C3mim]BF4条件下小白菜幼苗的生长状况、活性氧水平、抗氧化酶活性及相关抗氧化酶基因表达。结果表明,浓度高于400 mg·L-1的[C3mim]BF4显著抑制种子萌发;500 mg·L-1 [C3mim]BF4显著抑制幼苗生长。[C3mim]BF4处理使小白菜叶片活性氧$\mathop{{O}}_{2}^{{\mathop{}_{\ ·}^{-}}}$、H2O2)水平及丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量升高,且随着[C3mim]BF4浓度的增加均呈逐渐升高的趋势。[C3mim]BF4使小白菜叶片谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性显著升高;浓度≤300 mg·L-1的[C3mim]BF4对过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)生成有一定的促进作用,而浓度高于400 mg·L-1 [C3mim]BF4处理显著抑制小白菜 APX活性,高于500 mg·L-1 [C3mim]BF4处理显著抑制小白菜 CAT活性;100~500 mg·L-1[C3mim]BF4处理显著抑制小白菜叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,且各处理组的SOD活性均显著低于对照。400 mg·L-1 [C3mim]BF4处理0~3 h,小白菜Gu/Zn-SOD和APX基因表达量升高,处理13 d时其SOD和APX基因表达量均显著低于对照;处理0~12 h时 CAT基因表达上调,处理24 h处理后CAT表达下调。本研究结果为揭示咪唑类离子液体毒性机理提供了理论依据。 相似文献
5.
[目的]以山西省忻州市为例,探讨能源与生态复合区生态安全预警,为区域生态保护规划及区域高质量发展提供依据。[方法]基于PSR概念模型框架,从人口、资源、经济、环境、生态要素选取了21个指标建立了能源—生态复合区生态安全预警评价指标体系,采用熵值法确定权重,对山西省忻州市2000—2018年生态安全预警进行分析。[结果]①2018年忻州市14县综合预警值介于0.356 2～0.587 0之间,平均值为0.491 2,预警等级处于中警至轻警范围内。其中忻府区、定襄、五台、繁峙、静乐5县(区)警情为中警状态,其余7县(市)均为轻警状态,忻州市整体生态安全并不乐观,生态安全等级较低。②2000—2018年忻州市生态安全预警值呈波动缓慢上升趋势,警情为中警等级的县减少,轻警等级的县增加。[结论]研究区生态安全空间上呈现不均衡性,警情整体趋于改善,主要取决于系统压力中的经济、资源、环境压力趋缓。 相似文献
6.
新郑市耕地生态安全动态预警研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
耕地生态安全预警对改善耕地生态安全水平,保障粮食安全具有重要的意义。以河南省粮食主产区新郑市为研究对象,基于压力、状态、响应(P-S-R)和生态、环境、经济、社会(E-E-E-S)框架模型,构建了耕地生态安全预警指标体系。引入变权理论确定指标权重,运用改进物元可拓模型确定新郑市2001—2010年耕地生态安全预警等级,并采用障碍度模型分析耕地生态安全障碍因子。结果表明:2001—2010年新郑市耕地生态安全水平总体呈现上升趋势,预警等级由Ⅲ级(预警)上升为Ⅳ级(较安全);2009—2010年预警等级虽处于较安全(Ⅳ级),但有下降趋势。制约新郑市耕地生态安全水平的主要障碍因子是地均化肥使用强度、耕地复种指数、人均粮食产量、城市化水平、耕地垦殖率、人口自然增长率、人均水资源量、地均地膜使用强度、第三产业占GDP比重、农业经济比重、未利用土地比重等,这些因子应是今后改善新郑市耕地生态安全的重点。 相似文献
7.
通过控制土壤水分含量的盆栽试验,设置C0（5%）,C1（10%）,C2（20%）,C3（25%）,C4（30%）和C5（35%）6个水分处理,研究了不同的土壤水分含量对狗牙根匍匐茎萌发及幼苗生长过程中各项指标的影响。结果表明:（1）随土壤水分含量的增加,狗牙根匍匐茎的萌发率和幼苗株高、叶片数量、叶片长度、叶绿素以及单株生物量均呈先升高后降低的趋势;（2）土壤水分含量与狗牙根幼苗特征值（幼苗株高、叶片数量、叶片长度、单株生物量）存在显著或极显著的相关性;（3）利用高斯模型定量分析狗牙根匍匐茎对土壤水分含量的响应,得出狗牙根匍匐茎萌发及幼苗的最适土壤水分生态幅为[14.78%,30.15%],极限生态幅为[5.65%,38.26%],水分含量对狗牙根匍匐茎萌发幼苗的单株生物量和平均叶片长度影响最为显著。 相似文献
8.
层次分析法在太行山中南部造林树种选择中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
[目的]对太行山中南部不同林种树种适宜性进行了研究,为太行山生态脆弱区造林树种的选择和提高植被恢复效果提供理论与技术支撑。[方法]应用层次分析法(AHP)对常见的17种造林树种进行适宜性评价。依托9个评价指标,用9点数值量表法设计专家调查表,经指标筛选,建立判断矩阵计算权重值。根据权重值,将树种划分为:I级(最适宜)、Ⅱ级(较适宜)、Ⅲ级(不太适宜)、Ⅳ级(不适宜)。[结果](1)9个指标入选水土保持林评价指标体系,4个指标入选用材林评价指标体系;(2)水土保持林权重值0.022 7~0.088 9;(3)用材林权重值0.024 1~0.144 1。[结论]水土保持林I级树种为侧柏、桧柏、山杏、山桃;Ⅱ级树种为:白皮松、辽东栎、山杨、樟子松、油松、杜松、华北落叶松;Ⅲ级树种为:白桦、刺槐、翅果油树、火炬树;Ⅳ级树种为:臭椿、青杨。用材林I级树种为:华北落叶松、油松、辽东栎;Ⅱ级树种为:樟子松、侧柏、青杨、山杨、白桦、臭椿、白皮松;Ⅲ级树种为:刺槐、火炬树;Ⅳ级树种为:桧柏、杜松、山杏、山桃、翅果油树。 相似文献
9.
[目的]研究不同生态修复后边坡土壤颗粒分形特征,为分形维数作为评价修复后向家坝工程扰动区边坡土壤质量的综合指标提供科学依据。[方法]以向家坝工程扰动区6种不同生态修复模式下的0—10 cm边坡土壤为研究对象,通过野外采样和室内试验,采用单重和多重分形理论相结合的方法,研究自然演替与人工修复模式下土壤粒径分布(PSD)和分形特征及土壤养分特征并分析了其相关关系。[结果]不同生态修复模式下土壤颗粒组成以粉粒和砂粒为主,黏粒含量较少,粒径分布不均匀。天然林地土壤养分含量相对较高且土壤颗粒较细。黏粒与Dv呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),与土壤有机碳和速效氮呈显著正相关(p<0.05),粉粒含量与D1,D2呈极显著负相关(p<0.01),砂粒与D1,D2呈极显著正相关(p<0.01)。土壤养分与黏粒、粉粒含量呈不显著正相关,与砂粒含量,D1,D2呈不显著负相关。[结论]向家坝工程扰动区土壤颗粒以粉粒和砂粒为主,土壤质地较... 相似文献
10.
基于GIS的宁夏中部干旱带土地利用生态安全动态评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土地利用生态安全评价是区域可持续发展关注的重要内容之一。以宁夏中部干旱带为例,针对研究区实际生态问题,基于RS和GIS技术,构建"隐患—状态—免疫"生态安全评价指标体系,采用熵权法与综合指数模型,实现了30m×30m栅格水平可视化的土地利用生态安全综合评价。结果表明:2004—2014年,研究区土地利用变化和区域政策的实施结果一致。草地、林地面积急剧扩大,旱地和未利用地面积持续下降,建设用地和水域面积变化不大,水浇地面积呈缓慢增加趋势。结合已有研究成果与研究区实际,采用聚类法,将研究区土地利用安全分为5个等级:生态安全区(Ⅰ)、生态较安全区(Ⅱ)、生态临界安全区(Ⅲ)、生态不安全区(Ⅳ)和生态极不安全区(Ⅴ)。研究区土地利用生态安全指数从2004年的-0.12上升为2014年的0.03,整体状态呈变好趋势,但ESI指数仍小于0.1,处于临界安全状态。具体表现为:Ⅰ级乡镇从4个增加为5个、Ⅱ级区从10个增至11个、Ⅲ级乡镇从13个减少为12个、Ⅳ级乡镇从5个减少为4个、Ⅴ级乡镇从8个减少为7个,针对评价结果分析其动态演变机制。通过对宁夏中部干旱带土地利用生态安全动态评价,以期为宁夏境内生态移民区选址和生态环境保护提供数据支撑。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献