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1.
了解城市公园的游客形象感知有助于从游憩需求出发设计与管理公园绿地。文章首先通过Rost CM软件对社交网站和政府网站上爬取的文本进行分析,得出武汉城市公园形象感知的高频词汇和情感倾向,并绘制语义网络分析图;然后运用IPA分析法构建模型,分析公园形象感知要素结构和游客的关注度与满意度,总结游客对公园的需求和关注点,即城市公园建设需要重点关注公园环境(生态环境)、设施服务(公园设施、管理治安)、游憩体验(亲情体验、拥挤感知)、游憩成本(外部交通、餐饮消费、内部交通);最后根据游客的需求和关注点为公园设计和管理提出建议,即公园环境方面需关注水质、垃圾、噪音和污染等问题,设施服务方面需完善公园设施和加强园务管理,游憩体验方面需多为老年和儿童设置活动空间和建设口袋公园,游憩成本方面应提高公园可达性、增设特色餐饮点、丰富游线设计、增设绿道等。 相似文献
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回顾了国内外观鸟活动的发展历程，总结提出观鸟活动内容主要包括外形特征、生活习性、栖息环境、鸟类文化、生态价值等五方面；观鸟地点可分为野外、室内等两种类型；观鸟活动形式包括自然观察类、环境解说类、研学课程类、艺术创作类与管护救护类等五类，并归纳每类活动的内容、特色以及规划策划的侧重点；观鸟设施包括游客中心、观察建筑、科普建筑及解说设施等类型，分析了每类建筑及设施的功能、选址、内部装置等要点并举例，以期为湿地公园观鸟活动的规划策划、观鸟设施的建设提供理论基础与参考借鉴。 相似文献
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森林公园拥有良好的自然生态和丰富的景观资源，吸引越来越多的人前往游憩。为给广西高峰森林公园游憩质量提升提供参考，采用模糊综合评价法选取5个准则层，共23个指标，对其游客满意度进行评价，并进行相关性分析，建立IPA评价模型。结果表明，广西高峰森林公园的游客满意度为3.827，接近满意等级，表明该公园的建设基本得到游客认可。游客满意度排名前2位的指标为生态环境（4.023）和森林旅游资源（3.937），排名后2位的指标为景区服务质量（3.797）和旅游消费（3.373）。相关性分析表明，所有评价因子与游客满意度均呈极显著正相关；其中，景点独特性、景观优美度和秩序维护等18个指标属强相关。IPA评价模型显示，通讯信号和娱乐项目趣味性指标位于第Ⅳ象限，须列为今后公园建设管理的重点。提出针对不同游客群体制定活动、适当降价、提高项目趣味性、增强通讯信号和提高服务质量等建议。 相似文献
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巴松错国家级森林公园旅游景区游客满意度调查分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
游客满意度作为反映森林公园竞争力以及游客需求的一项关键性指标,具有重要的研究意义.2009年10月及2010年5月采用问卷调查的方法对巴松错生态旅游景区的旅游资源、交通设施、旅游设施、导游服务、管理状况等方面进行了游客满意度调查,对调查结果进行了系统分析,结果表明,游客对景区旅游资源综合满意度较高,景区对厕所、垃圾筒、标牌等旅游设施管理不善。藉此提出了一些指导性建议. 相似文献
8.
以闽江河口国家湿地公园为研究案例,采用问卷调查法、实地考察法和文献研究法,探索康复性景观在湿地公园中的功能分区。结果表明:(1)闽江河口国家湿地公园以生态保护为主,兼顾科普教育、观光休闲功能,有比较明显的康复效果,但还有很大发展空间;(2)受访游客认为湿地公园康复性景观知觉途径重要程度为视觉听觉嗅觉触觉味觉;(3)游客对目前湿地公园内康复性景观效果由强到弱的排序依次为自然植物群落时令花卉动物观测渔业风光主题博物馆其他;(4)游客对湿地公园增加康复活动的需求有安静冥想、园艺活动、动植物观赏、体育活动、群体活动。研究康复性景观在湿地公园中的功能分区,有助于提出康复性景观的设计策略,并有效解释生态景观设计与康复效果的关系。 相似文献
9.
滇池湖滨湿地公园具有重要的生态和景观价值，为获取公众对湿地公园的形象感知结构特征，优化公园形象感知和服务体验，文章以滇池湖滨6个湿地公园为研究对象，社交媒体网站游客点评文本为数据来源，使用内容分析法获取公众对滇池湖滨湿地公园的形象感知，并利用IPA手段构建公众形象感知评价模型。结果表明：（1）公众对湿地公园的综合形象感知包含自然资源与环境、人文资源与环境、活动体验、设施服务四个方面，6个湿地公园的感知形象具有一定差异性，但特色有待进一步强化。（2）公众形象感知要素的表现性得分整体较高说明大部分公众游玩体验较好，景区维护和湿地水质评价相对较低仍需改进。（3）重要性程度存在较大差异，其中重要性最高的是湿地公园的自然属性，而人文属性如背景文化等感知较弱。据此为提升滇池湖滨湿地公园建设管理提出相关建议。 相似文献
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基于使用后评估的综合性城市公园景观设计评价——以厦门中山公园为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
厦门中山公园是位于旧城中心区的综合性公园。通过应用使用后评估方法对公园的可达性、景观要素、空间感知、触觉感知、配套设施、维护管理6方面使用状况进行评价,分析公园景观设计与使用者行为需求的多维关联性,指出使用者的行为感知特征、设计实施成果与市民使用间的矛盾冲突点、建成项目使用后评价体系缺失的问题。提出以使用者为核心,优化园区功能分区,增设定制化的景观设施配套,进而提升公园的整体环境品质与归属感。 相似文献
11.
P.L. Mafongoya R. Chintu T.S. Chirwa J. Matibini S. Chikale 《Agroforestry Systems》2003,59(3):279-288
Seeking an alternative to Sesbania spp. tree fallows, a Tephrosia species and provenance trial was conducted at Msekera Research Station, Chipata (Zambia) to evaluate eleven Tephrosia vogelii and three Tephrosia candida provenances. They were tested for biomass production, quality of biomass, resistance to root-knot nematodes, nitrogen release,
and for their effects on soil nitrogen dynamics. At the end of 1.5 years, the T. candida provenances 02970, 02971 and 02972 from Madagascar produced two times greater amount of aboveground biomass than the T. vogelii provenances. There was little variability among the T. vogelii provenances in terms of litter and biomass production. Weed growth was significantly greater under T. vogelii than T. candida provenances. While Tephrosia vogelii provenance 98/02 from Zambia and T. candida 02972 were highly tolerant to the Meloidogyne incognita nematodes, T. vogelii provenances 02977, 98/03, 02973 from Kenya, Zambia and Malawi, respectively, were highly susceptible to the nematodes. The
Tephrosia species and provenances showed a wide variability in terms of N, lignin and polyphenol concentration in their foliage. Mineralization
of N in the foliage of T. candida provenances 02970 and 02971 and T. vogelii provenances 98/04 and 02974 from Malawi occurred rapidly within 14 weeks of incubation. At the end of the 2-year growth period,
there was significantly greater total inorganic N under T. candida provenance 02972 (12.5 mg kg−1) than T. vogelii (5 mg kg−1) provenance Mungwi 98/02. Maize (Zea mays L.) yields after T. candida provenances were greater than those after T. vogelii provenances. Further testing of the most promising provenances is needed for their effects on subsequent maize yields under
a range of farm conditions.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
Kana Yamashita Yasuhiko Hirakawa Hiroshi Nakatani Motoyoshi Ikeda 《Journal of Wood Science》2009,55(3):161-168
The transverse shrinkage variation within trees was examined for five sugi cultivars. The within-tree trends of tangential
shrinkage (α
T) were different by cultivar, whereas radial shrinkage (α
R) increased from pith to bark in most cultivars. The tangential/radial shrinkage ratio (α
T/α
R) decreased from pith to bark in most cultivars, because the radial variation of α
R was larger than that of α
T. The cultivars showed significant differences among cultivars in α
T, α
R, and α
T/α
R, but the difference among cultivars for α
T/α
R was smaller. The relationships between transverse shrinkage and microfi bril angle (MFA), basic density (BD), tree ring parameters,
and modulus of elasticity were examined. The α
T and α
R showed positive relationships with BD, latewood percentage, latewood density, and modulus of elasticity, and negative relationships
with MFA and ring width. The relationships with earlywood density were weak. Sugi exhibited variation in transverse shrinkage
within stem and among cultivars, with the variation affected by MFA, density, and tree ring parameters.
Part of this article was presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Akita, Japan, August 2006,
and the 57th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Hiroshima, Japan, August 2007 相似文献
13.
William R. Cobb Rodney E. Will Richard F. Daniels Marshall A. Jacobson 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008,255(12):4032-4039
We quantified the effect of water and nutrient availability on aboveground biomass and nitrogen accumulation and partitioning in four species from the southeastern United States, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), and sycamore (Platanus occidentalis). The 6-year-old stands received five levels of resource input (control, irrigation with 3.05 cm water week−1, irrigation + 57 kg N ha−1 year−1, irrigation + 85 kg N ha−1 year−1, and irrigation + 114 kg N ha−1 year−1). Irrigation significantly increased foliage, stem, and branch biomass for sweetgum and sycamore, culminating in 103% and 238% increases in total aboveground biomass. Fertilization significantly increased aboveground components for all species resulting in 49, 58, 281, and 132% increases in total aboveground biomass for loblolly pine, slash pine, sweetgum, and sycamore, respectively. Standing total aboveground biomass of the fertilized treatments reached 79, 59, 48, and 54 Mg ha−1 for loblolly pine, slash pine, sweetgum, and sycamore, respectively. Fertilization increased foliar nitrogen concentration for loblolly pine, sweetgum, and sycamore foliage. Irrigation increased total stand nitrogen content by 6, 14, 93, and 161% for loblolly pine, slash pine, sweetgum, and sycamore, respectively. Fertilization increased total nitrogen content by 62, 53, 172, and 69% with maximum nitrogen contents of 267, 212, 237, and 203 kg ha−1 for loblolly pine, slash pine, sweetgum, and sycamore, respectively. Growth efficiency (stem growth per unit of leaf biomass) and nitrogen use efficiency (stem growth per unit of foliar nitrogen content) increased for the sycamore and sweetgum, but not the loblolly or slash pine. 相似文献
14.
A simple HPLC method was developed to quantify rabbit plasma tetrandrine (Tet) with propranolol (Pro) as internal standard. Based on the established method Tet and Pro were eluted at 7.1 and 12.0 min, respectively. It was shown that the concentration-time data of Tet fit the classical two-compartment model, no matter the drug was administered intravenously or orally to rabbits. The values of AUC0 → ∞, clearance (Cl0 → ∞), volume of distribution (Vd), and elimination half-life (t1/2β) of Tet were 59861.149 ± 26962.196 μg/L ? min, 0.503 ± 0.173 L/min/kg, 179 ± 76.185 L/kg, and 283.808 ± 162.937 min for intravenous injection of 5 mg/kg, or 18986.217 ± 7462.308 μg/L ? min, 0.805 ± 0.267 L/min/kg, 110.284 ± 94.176 L/kg, and 732.919 ± 847.32 min for gavage administration of 10 mg/kg , respectively. The results indicate that Tet displays a limited absorption in intestinal tract, even though it has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile after oral or intravenous administration. 相似文献
15.
Hans Pretzsch 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》2003,122(4):231-249
Zusammenfassung: Die Nachhaltigkeit richtete sich in der Gründerzeit der planmäßigen Forstwirtschaft auf die Holzproduktion (v. Carlowitz 1713, Cotta 1828, Hartig 1804, Hundeshagen 1826). In der Folgezeit wurde ein zunehmend breiteres Spektrum von Leistungen des Waldes in die Planung mit einbezogen (v. Hagen, 1867; Dieterich, 1957). Das heutige Verständnis von multifunktionaler Forstwirtschaft spiegelt sich in den sechs gesamteuropäischen Kriterien und Indikatoren für nachhaltige Forstwirtschaft wider (McPfe, 2000). Vorliegender Aufsatz umreißt, wie diese gesamteuropäischen Kriterien und Indikatoren für den Nachweis und die strategische Planung von Nachhaltigkeit auf Forstbetriebsebene eingesetzt werden können und was die Waldwachstumsforschung dazu beitragen kann. An einer Reihe von Beispielen wird ausgeführt, dass die Forstwirtschaft über eine solide Datenbasis für die Ableitung von Nachhaltigkeitskriterien und Indikatoren verfügt. Diese kann für das Monitoring der Waldentwicklung genutzt werden. Gestalterische Kraft entwickeln die Kriterien und Indikatoren aber erst, wenn sie auch in die strategische Planung einfließen. Für die strategische Planung stehen der Forstwirtschaft Wuchsmodelle, Betriebssimulatoren und Entscheidungsstützungssysteme zur Verfügung. Sofern diese die genannten Kriterien und Indikatoren berücksichtigen, ermöglichen sie Szenariorechungen auf Betriebsebene und eine umfassende Bewertung von Handlungsalternativen. Konzepte und Werkzeuge für den Übergang zu einer multifunktionalen strategischen Nachhaltsplanung sind weit entwickelt (v. Gadow 2003, Hanewinkel 2001, Pretzsch et al. 1998, Spellmann et al. 2001); ihre Einführung in die Forstplanung könnte einen beträchtlichen Innovationsstau beseitigen. 相似文献
16.
This study was conducted to determine carbon (C) dynamics following forest tending works (FTW) which are one of the most important forest management activities conducted by Korean forest police and managers. We measured organic C storage (above- and below-ground biomass C, forest floor C, and soil C at 50 cm depth), soil environmental factors (soil CO2 efflux, soil temperature, soil water content, soil pH, and soil organic C concentration), and organic C input and output (litterfall and litter decomposition rates) for one year in FTW and non-FTW (control) stands of approximately 40-year-old red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) forests in the Hwangmaesan Soopkakkugi model forest in Sancheonggun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. This forest was thinned in 2005 as a representative FTW practice. The total C stored in tree biomass was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the FTW stand (40.17 Mg C ha−1) than in the control stand (64.52 Mg C ha−1). However, C storage of forest floor and soil layers measured at four different depths was not changed by FTW, except for that at the surface soil depth (0–10 cm). The organic C input due to litterfall and output due to needle litter decomposition were both significantly lower in the FTW stand than in the control stand (2.02 Mg C ha−1 year−1 vs. 2.80 Mg C ha−1 year−1 and 308 g C kg−1 year−1 vs. 364 g C kg−1 year−1, respectively, both P < 0.05). Soil environmental factors were significantly affected (P < 0.05) by FTW, except for soil CO2 efflux rates and organic C concentration at soil depth of 0–20 cm. The mean annual soil CO2 efflux rates were the same in the FTW (0.24 g CO2 m−2 h−1) and control (0.24 g CO2 m−2 h−1) stands despite monthly variations of soil CO2 efflux over the one-year study period. The mean soil organic C concentration at a soil depth of 0–20 cm was lower in the FTW stand (81.3 g kg−1) than in the control stand (86.4 g kg−1) but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). In contrast, the mean soil temperature was significantly higher, the mean soil water content was significantly lower, and the soil pH was significantly higher in the FTW stand than in the control stand (10.34 °C vs. 8.98 °C, 48.2% vs. 56.4%, and pH 4.83 vs. pH 4.60, respectively, all P < 0.05). These results indicated that FTW can influence tree biomass C dynamics, organic C input and output, and soil environmental factors such as soil temperature, soil water content and soil pH, while soil C dynamics such as soil CO2 efflux rates and soil organic C concentration were little affected by FTW in a red pine stand. 相似文献
17.
S. Marañón-Jiménez J. Castro A.S. Kowalski P. Serrano-OrtizB.R. Reverter E.P. Sánchez-Cañete R. Zamora 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,261(8):1436-1447
After a wildfire, the management of burnt wood may determine microclimatic conditions and microbiological activity with the potential to affect soil respiration. To experimentally analyze the effect on soil respiration, we manipulated a recently burned pine forest in a Mediterranean mountain (Sierra Nevada National and Natural Park, SE Spain). Three representative treatments of post-fire burnt wood management were established at two elevations: (1) “salvage logging” (SL), where all trees were cut, trunks removed, and branches chipped; (2) “non-intervention” (NI), leaving all burnt trees standing; and (3) “cut plus lopping” (CL), a treatment where burnt trees were felled, with the main branches lopped off, but left in situ partially covering the ground surface. Seasonal measurements were carried out over the course of two years. In addition, we performed continuous diurnal campaigns and an irrigation experiment to ascertain the roles of soil temperature and moisture in determining CO2 fluxes across treatments. Soil CO2 fluxes were highest in CL (average of 3.34 ± 0.19 μmol m−2 s−1) and the lowest in SL (2.21 ± 0.11 μmol m−2 s−1). Across seasons, basal values were registered during summer (average of 1.46 ± 0.04 μmol m−2 s−1), but increased during the humid seasons (up to 10.07 ± 1.08 μmol m−2 s−1 in spring in CL). Seasonal and treatment patterns were consistent at the two elevations (1477 and 2317 m a.s.l.), although respiration was half as high at the higher altitude.Respiration was mainly controlled by soil moisture. Watering during the summer drought boosted CO2 effluxes (up to 37 ± 6 μmol m−2 s−1 just after water addition), which then decreased to basal values as the soil dried. About 64% of CO2 emissions during the first 24 h could be attributed to the degasification of soil pores, with the rest likely related to biological processes. The patterns of CO2 effluxes under experimental watering were similar to the seasonal tendencies, with the highest pulse in CL. Temperature, however, had a weak effect on soil respiration, with Q10 values of ca. 1 across seasons and soil moisture conditions. These results represent a first step towards illustrating the effects of post-fire burnt wood management on soil respiration, and eventually carbon sequestration. 相似文献
18.
The effect of seed water content (WC) (2–3, 5–6 and 22–25%, on a fresh weight basis), storage temperature (+4, −20, −80 and
−196°C) and storage duration (6, 12, 24, 48 and 60 months) on the germination of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) seed was investigated. Germination of white spruce control (untreated) seeds and seeds adjusted to 2–3% and 5–6%
WC declined after 48 months of storage at −80 and −196°C, with a further decline at 60 months at −20, −80, −196°C. Germination
remained high when control white spruce seeds and seeds with 2–3, 5–6% WC were stored at +4°C, over all storage durations.
Generally, black spruce and lodgepole pine exhibited high germination at all storage temperatures at 2–3% and 5–6% WC as well
as the control (untreated) seed, for up to 60 months in storage. Germination declined for all three species when seed was
conditioned to 22–25% WC. This loss in germination was partially recovered in white spruce seed stored at +4, −20 and −80°C
after storage durations of 24, 12 and 48 months, respectively, and in black spruce seeds stored at −20 and −196°C after storage
durations of 24 months. Mean germination time (MGT) was relatively constant for all species, under all conditions, except
for seed conditioned to 22–25% WC, where MGT increased for white spruce seed stored 48 months at −80 and −196°C, and for black
spruce seed stored 24 months at +4 and −80°C and 60 months at −196°C. These results show that the optimal storage temperatures
are 4°C for white spruce, and 4, −20, −80, and −196°C for black spruce and lodgepole pine, and 2–6% water content is optimal
for all 3 species at these temperatures. 相似文献
19.
Reaction behavior of lignin in supercritical methanol as studied with lignin model compounds 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The reaction behavior and kinetics of lignin model compounds were studied in supercritical methanol with a batch-type supercritical
biomass conversion system. Guaiacol, veratrole, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene were used as model compounds
for aromatic rings in lignin. In addition, 5-5, β-1, β-O-4, and α-O-4 types of dimeric lignin model compounds were used as representatives of linkages in lignin. As a result, aromatic rings
and 5-5 (biphenyl)-type structures were stable in supercritical methanol, and the β-1 linkage was not cleaved in the β-1-type structure but converted rapidly to stilbene. On the other hand, β-ether and α-ether linkages of β-O-4 and α-O-4 lignin model compounds were cleaved rapidly, and these compounds decomposed to some monomeric compounds. Phenolic compounds
were found to be more reactive than nonphenolic compounds. These results indicate that cleavages of ether linkages mainly
contribute to the depolymerization of lignin, whereas condensed linkages such as the 5-5 and β-1 types are not cleaved in supercritical methanol. Therefore, it is suggested that the supercritical methanol treatment effectively
depolymerizes lignin into the lower-molecular-weight products as a methanol-soluble portion mainly by cleavage of the β-ether structure, which is the dominant linkage in lignin.
Received: December 19, 2001 / Accepted: April 30, 2002
Acknowledgments This research has been done under the research program for the development of technologies for establishing an ecosystem
based on recycling in rural villages for the twenty-first century from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries,
Japan; by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)(2) (no.12460144, 2001.4–2003.3) from the Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; and under the research program from Kansai Research Foundation for Technology Promotion,
Japan. The authors thank them for their financial support.
This study was presented in part at the 45th Lignin Symposium, Ehime, Japan, October 2000 and the 52nd Annual Meeting of the
Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, Japan, April 2002
Correspondence to:S. Saka 相似文献
20.
Tomohito Sano Takashi Hirano Naishen Liang Ryuichi Hirata Yasumi Fujinuma 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010
A typhoon event catastrophically destroyed a 45-year-old Japanese larch plantation in southern Hokkaido, northern Japan in September 2004, and about 90% of trees were blown down. Vegetation was measured to investigate its regeneration process and CO2 flux, or net ecosystem production (NEP), was measured in 2006–2008 using an automated chamber system to investigate the effects of typhoon disturbance on the ecosystem carbon balance. Annual maximum aboveground biomass (AGB) increased from 2.7 Mg ha−1 in 2006 to 4.0 Mg ha−1 in 2007, whereas no change occurred in annual maximum leaf area index (LAI), which was 3.7 m2 m−2 in 2006 and 3.9 m2 m−2 in 2007. Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) had become dominant within 2 years after the typhoon disturbance, and came to account for about 60% and 50% of AGB and LAI, respectively. In comparison with CO2 fluxes measured by the eddy covariance technique in 2001–2003, for 4.5 months during the growing season, the sum of gross primary production (GPP) decreased on average by 739 gC m−2 (64%) after the disturbance, whereas ecosystem respiration (RE) decreased by 501 gC m−2 (51%). As a result, NEP decreased from 159 ± 57 gC m−2 to −80 ± 30 gC m−2, which shows that the ecosystem shifted from a carbon sink to a source. Seasonal variation in RE was strongly correlated to soil temperature. The interannual variation in the seasonal trend of RE was small. Light-saturated GPP (Pmax) decreased from 30–45 μmol m−2 s−1 to 8–12 μmol m−2 s−1 during the summer season through the disturbance because of large reduction in LAI. 相似文献