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1.
木薯渣对奶牛产奶量和奶品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验选用30头体重约400kg、健康无病、胎次相同,且处于泌乳中期,产奶量相近（P〉0.05）的荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2组：对照组10头,用产奶期正常饲料饲喂;试验组20头,每头牛在对照组日粮基础上投5kg木薯渣替代5kg苜蓿干草,研究木薯渣对奶牛产奶量及奶品质的影响。结果表明：在产奶期日粮中添加木薯渣对奶牛的产奶量没有显著影响（P〉0.05）;从乳成分分析统计数据看,其对奶牛的乳成分影响不明显,乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖、乳固形物和非脂固形物均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。 相似文献
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Bovine growth hormone: human food safety evaluation 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Scientists in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), after reviewing the scientific literature and evaluating studies conducted by pharmaceutical companies, have concluded that the use of recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbGH) in dairy cattle presents no increased health risk to consumers. Bovine GH is not biologically active in humans, and oral toxicity studies have demonstrated that rbGH is not orally active in rats, a species responsive to parenterally administered bGH. Recombinant bGH treatment produces an increase in the concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in cow's milk. However, oral toxicity studies have shown that bovine IGF-I lacks oral activity in rats. Additionally, the concentration of IGF-I in milk of rbGH-treated cows is within the normal physiological range found in human breast milk, and IGF-I is denatured under conditions used to process cow's milk for infant formula. On the basis of estimates of the amount of protein absorbed intact in humans and the concentration of IGF-I in cow's milk during rbGH treatment, biologically significant levels of intact IGF-I would not be absorbed. 相似文献
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Hansen HN 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1926,64(1659):384-386
Rats first fed soybean oil and peanut oil diets, then subjected to the process of fat depletion through selective starvation, involving 23 to 27 per cent. loss in body weight, before being fed a "hardening" diet, yielded "harder" fats-fats of lower iodine number values-than the fats of rats which were not starved before being fed the carbohydrate-rich diet. In other words, through the process of starvation, the "soft" oily fat produced on diets containing soybean' or peanut oils is very largely removed, thereby permitting the deposit of a "hard" fat. To obtain a fat of equal "hardness" from rats which were not subjected to the starvation treatment would have required a much longer period of feeding of the diet rich in starch than was found necessary with rats after first being starved. The growth of recovery made by the rats of the starved lots was made on a low food intake. With the starved rats flrst fed peanut oil, the food intake of the carbohydrate-rich diet was less than with the non-starved group. The possible application of these findings to practical animal husbandry is obvious. 相似文献
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给雄性sprague-Dawley(S-D)大鼠接种一次甲基偶氮氧甲醇(Methylazoxymethanol,MAM),然后于140日内限制各组动物摄入日粮的数量,A组和B组在接种MAM后分别从第10天或第63天起每日仅给于日粮12克(25%限制)。C组和D组在接种MAM后分别从第8天或第31天起问日自由采食和禁食。对照大鼠用MAM处理后任其自由采食同一种日粮。当接种后第140天检查时,从第10天起限制日粮的A组,其肠道肿瘤显著减少;但其他各组间的肿瘤发病率并无显著差异。将每天都限制日粮的开始时间推迟,或间日自由采食或饥饿均不能改变肿瘤发生的模式,和自由采食对照组的肿瘤发生率并无差异。 相似文献
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为了解转人乳铁蛋白羊奶与普通羊奶之间的差异,将两种羊奶的主要成分及其物理性状进行了比较;同时,参考中华人民共和国农业行业标准《转基因植物及其产品食用安全检测——大鼠90天喂养实验》(NY/T 1102-2006)进行转基因羊奶食用安全评价。实验结果表明,90天灌喂转人乳铁蛋白羊奶的大鼠与普通羊奶灌喂组血常规值差异不显著(P>0.05);灌喂转人乳铁蛋白的羊奶中、高剂量组与自由采食对照组及普通羊奶中、高剂量灌喂组大鼠血清铁含量及铁蛋白含量差异显著(P<0.05)。转人乳铁蛋白羊奶与普通羊奶具有实质等同性,转基因成分没有干扰机体对其它营养物质的吸收,从营养学角度来评价,转人乳铁蛋白羊奶是安全的。 相似文献
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辐照保鲜乳饼对小鼠血液常规和生化指标的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
真空包装的新鲜乳饼经8和16 kGy剂量^60Co辐照后,按比例添加到小鼠基础日粮中饲喂小鼠,探讨辐照乳饼对小鼠血液常规和生化指标的影响。结果表明：辐照乳饼对小鼠血液常规、生化指标未产生不良影响,小鼠血液常规、生化指标均在正常范围内,试验组与对照组各指标差异不显著。 相似文献
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干苹果渣对奶牛产奶量及乳成分的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究干苹果渣对奶牛产奶量及乳成分的影响,选择27头荷斯坦泌乳奶牛进行试验。将27头荷斯坦奶牛分为A、B、对照3组,在A组的饲粮中添加干苹果渣3 kg/(头.d),B组添加干苹果渣6 kg/(头.d)。结果表明,与不添加干苹果渣的对照组相比,A组、B组奶牛产奶量每头分别提高3.13、2.21 kg/(头.d),增产效果显著(P<0.05)。两试验组乳糖含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其他乳成分差异不显著,提示干苹果渣有提高奶牛产奶量及改善乳品质的作用,且以添加3 kg/(头.d)干苹果渣较为适宜。 相似文献
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Four ingredients of a dry diet, Santa Monica, and a special food supplement, were tested for their effects on the occurrence of hepatomas in Salmo gairdnerii. When cottonseed meal was omitted from the diet, no hepatomas developed in the experimental fish. When the same diet with its usual cottonseed meal component was fed, 48 percent of the fish developed hepatomas. 相似文献
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尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼氮收支与饲料组成关系 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
用生物学方法测定和比较了三种饲料喂养的"吉富"品系尼罗罗非鱼的氮收支,同时用化学方法估算和比较了三种饲料组的含氮排泄废物。结果表明,饲料种类对尼罗罗非鱼的特定生长率及饲料转化效率有显著影响(P<0.01),饲喂欧洲料的鱼的特定生长率最快;饲料种类对尼罗罗非鱼的氮收支分配也有显著影响(P<0.01),饲喂大江料的鱼用于生长的氮的比例最高;饲料蛋白源的质量、含能量以及营养平衡状况直接影响鱼的氮代谢,提高饲料质量是从源头控制养殖污染的关键。 相似文献
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用生物学方法测定和比较了三种饲料喂养的"吉富"品系尼罗罗非鱼的氮收支,同时用化学方法估算和比较了三种饲料组的含氮排泄废物。结果表明,饲料种类对尼罗罗非鱼的特定生长率及饲料转化效率有显著影响(P<0.01),饲喂欧洲料的鱼的特定生长率最快;饲料种类对尼罗罗非鱼的氮收支分配也有显著影响(P<0.01),饲喂大江料的鱼用于生长的氮的比例最高;饲料蛋白源的质量、含能量以及营养平衡状况直接影响鱼的氮代谢,提高饲料质量是从源头控制养殖污染的关键。 相似文献
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大豆异黄酮对奶牛产奶量及乳成分的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为研究大豆异黄酮对奶牛产奶量和乳成分的影响,选用32头产奶水平相近的荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成A、B两组。试验分为两个阶段,第一阶段A组在基础日粮中添加Da400mg·kg^-1,B组饲喂基础日粮,持续15d。第一阶段试验结束后,两组均饲喂基础日粮,持续20d。第二阶段A组奶牛饲喂基础日粮（A’组）,B组奶牛在基础日粮中添加Da200mg·kg^-1（B＇组）,持续15d。结果显示,A组奶牛产奶量略高于B组,表明饲喂大豆异黄酮在一定程度上能提高产奶量;但A’组奶牛产奶量极显著低于B组（P〈0．01）,可能由于添加Da剂量过大导致内源性激素水平下降所引起的。同时与A’组相比,B’组乳蛋白略有提高,脂肪含量极显著升高（P〈0.01）。 相似文献
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饲粮添加不同水平大豆磷脂对奶牛饲喂效果的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以羊草和青贮玉米为粗饲料,对奶牛饲粮添加不同水平大豆磷脂的饲喂效果进行研究。试验采用单因子完全随机化设计,将年龄、胎次、泌乳阶段、产奶量及体重相近的健康黑白花荷斯坦奶牛12头分为4个处理,其中A组是对照组,饲喂基础日粮,其它3个处理组随机饲喂3种不同的试验日粮,试验日粮是在基础日粮中分别添加1%、2.5%和4%的大豆磷脂。结果表明:日粮中添加2.5%的大豆磷脂处理组平均每头奶牛每天产奶量比对照组提高4.25 kg(P<0.01),并改善了奶牛的健康状况和繁殖性能,对乳脂率和奶牛正常的生理代谢指标均无影响(P>0.05),整个泌乳期净增利润1 857.45元,经济效益显著。 相似文献
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选取年龄、体重、胎次、泌乳期和泌乳量基本一致的荷斯坦黑白花奶牛12头，随机分为3组，每组4头，第1组为添加胡麻组，胡麻的添加量为750g／d、头：第2组为添加棉籽组，棉籽的添加量为1000g／a、头；第3组为对照组，不添加任何油料，进行了日粮中添加油料籽实对奶牛产奶量及乳成分的影响研究，试验期共50d，其中预试期为15d，正试期为35d。研究结果表明，添加胡麻籽与棉籽分别提高4％FCM产奶量3．7％和3.5％，但两组与对照组之间差异均不显著（P〉0．05）。添加胡麻籽与棉籽均不同程度的提高乳脂率，胡麻组提高6．4％，棉籽组提高1．7％，但两组与对照组之间差异均不显著（P〉0．05）。胡麻组与棉籽组的乳蛋白率与对照组相比分别下降了1．9％和6．4％，但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。乳糖率两个试验组均比对照组下降了0．8％，差异不显著（P〉0．05）。乳中干物质胡麻组高于对照组，棉籽组略低于对照组，但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。 相似文献
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利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）方法和区带活力扫描技术，分析了２１１头黑白花奶牛乳中ＬＤＨ的多态性及其活力与某些产奶性能的关系。结果表明，乳中ＬＤＨ同工酶谱带与其他动物相似，并以Ｂ型酶占优势。ＬＤＨ＿１酶带的活力最高，同３０５ｄ产奶量呈极显著相关关系（ｒ＝０．８９０３）；ＬＤＨ＿５的活力与乳脂率和３０５ｄ产奶量存在显著的正相关（ｒ＝０．７８３５）及负相关（ｒ＝－０．７０３２）．方差分析发现，ＬＤＨ型和胎次对３０５ｄ产奶量和乳脂率有显著或极显著的影响作用，ＡＡ型的最高，各型产奶量大小依次为：ＡＡ＞ＡＤ＞ＡＢ＞ＡＣ＞ＡＥ。 相似文献
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饲喂复合化学处理大麦秸颗粒对泌乳牛生产性能的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
用15mm筛孔粉碎后加入2.5%尿素和5.0%Ca(OH)2复合化学处理剂并压成直径为32mm的大麦秸颗粒替代产奶量为29.2kg/头·d泌乳牛日粮中的东北羊草,并补加适量微量元素。大麦秸经复合化学处理后,细胞壁含量下降了7.44个百分点,粗蛋白含量提高了1倍,体外有机物消化率从44.80%提高到64.60%,已高出东北羊草和玉米青贮的水平。泌乳牛对复合化学处理大麦秸颗粒和东北羊草的采食量分别为3.95kg/头·d和3.84kg/头·d,无显着差异(P>0.05).饲喂处理大麦秸颗粒组泌乳牛的产奶量在整个试验期内比饲喂东北羊草的对照组高1.24kg/头·d,但无显着差异,而试验第2个月泌乳牛的产奶量试验组显着高于对照组2.21kg/头·d(P<0.05).试验组泌乳牛的乳脂率和乳糖含量与对照组无显着差异,但乳蛋白含量试验组明显低于对照组。 相似文献
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In the experiments described the following observations have been made: (1) The toxic and diabetogenic action of alloxan increases in rats fed a low protein diet and even more so in the case of a high lard or ox fat diet. (2) The action of these fat diets was corrected by the addition of methionine, thiouracil, or coconut oil, but there was no modification either by addition of choline or sulfonamide or by increase in the protein proportion. (3) In rats fed other high fat diets (olive oil, butter) the actions of alloxan were not modified, but there was a slight diminution when high oleomargarine or corn oil diets were fed. However, complete protection was observed when a high coconut oil diet was administered. (4) The unfavorable effect of the high lard diet was observed also on the initiation and evolution of diabetes due to subtotal pancreatectomy. Contrarily, feeding a high protein diet and especially treatment with thiouracil had a favorable effect. (5) Diabetes appeared first in subtotal pancreatectomized rats which were overfed, then in those which ate ad libitum, and finally in those which were underfed. Diabetes appeared in rats fed a single meal before it did in those eating the same amount of food divided into three meals. 相似文献
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【目的】以湖羊公羔为试验对象,探究早期断奶补饲和育肥前、后期饲粮NDF水平对羔羊生长发育和消化性能的持续影响,计算试验因素间的叠加效应,筛选出最佳的组合饲养方式。【方法】选取体重[ (8.26±2.14) kg]、日龄[(20±2) d]接近的健康湖羊公羔120只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每重复5只;饲粮NDF水平设置:育肥前期低（33%）高（38%）水平,育肥后期低（28%）高（33%）水平。4组处理分别为:早期断奶+育肥前低NDF饲粮+育肥后低NDF饲粮（EW-LL）;早期断奶+育肥前期低NDF饲粮+育肥后期高NDF饲粮（EW-LH）;早期断奶+育肥前期高NDF饲粮+育肥后期高NDF饲粮（EW-HH）;随母哺乳+育肥期前高NDF饲粮+育肥期后期高NDF饲粮（ER-HH）。早期断奶羔羊在20日龄由随母哺乳逐渐过渡到饲喂代乳粉,同时补饲开食料,所有试验羔羊育肥周期为61-180日龄。试验期160 d。测定羔羊不同阶段体重和采食量,在羔羊2、4、6月龄进行消化代谢试验。【结果】1）4组羔羊全期体重无显著差异（P>0.05）,除46—65日龄,其余各阶段各组间日增重无显著差异（P>0.05）。2）早期断奶羔羊21—65日龄干物质采食量显著高于随母哺乳羔羊（P<0.05）,早期断奶组中,育肥前后期均采食低NDF水平饲粮的羔羊121—180日龄时颗粒料采食量显著高于其他两组（P<0.05）。3）早期断奶组羔羊哺乳期营养物质消化率及能氮利用率低于随母哺乳组。进入育肥期后,消化代谢能力优势转移,育肥前期低NDF组羔羊干物质、有机物消化率显著高于高NDF组（P<0.05）,叠加效应分析EW-LL组全期日增重增效最高,但早期断奶和育肥前期饲喂低NDF饲粮这两种饲喂方式的叠加效果为-50.57%。【结论】从整个育肥周期来看,早期断奶补饲代乳粉对羔羊生长性能有促进作用,育肥前期低NDF水平饲粮育肥效果相比高NDF水平效果较差;而育肥后期试验羔羊饲粮相同时,育肥前期饲喂低NDF饲粮的羔羊增重效果优于饲喂高NDF饲粮的羔羊。综合羔羊整个饲养阶段生长和消化代谢情况分析,饲养效果明显的4组顺序为EW-LL>EW-LH=EW-HH>ER-HH。本试验条件下推荐组合为早期断奶+育肥前期饲粮NDF水平33%+育肥后期饲粮NDF水平28%。 相似文献
19.
【目的】研究VA对草鱼幼鱼生长、体成分和转氨酶活性的影响,以确定草鱼饲料中VA适宜的添加量。【方法】采用酪蛋白和脱脂豆粕为蛋白源、白糊精为糖源、玉米胚芽油和大豆油为脂肪源的半纯化饲料作为基础饲料,配制VA水平为0（对照组）,810,1 620,2 520,3 224,3 980,7 950,16 386 IU/kg的8组试验饲料,饲养初始体质量为（10.79±0.52） g的草鱼12周,每组3个重复,每重复40尾,试验结束后测算体质量增长率、特定生长率、饲料系数、鱼体营养成分以及血清中碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、谷丙转氨酶（GPT）和谷草转氨酶（GOT）活性等指标。【结果】对照组的草鱼幼鱼,在试验后期有8.33%出现眼球突出、尾鳍充血的症状,添加VA试验组的草鱼未出现类似症状;饲料中VA含量在0～1 620 IU/kg时,体质量增长率随饲料中VA增加而显著增加（P＜0.05）,饲料中VA含量>7 950 IU/kg时,体质量增长率显著降低（P＜0.05）;特定生长率的变化趋势与体质量增长率类似,而饲料系数变化趋势与体质量增长率相反;VA对草鱼成活率和全鱼水分、蛋白质、脂肪、灰分含量无显著性影响（P＞0.05）;饲料中缺乏VA会显著降低血清中ALP的活性,同时显著提高GPT和GOT的活性（P＜0.05）。【结论】在本试验条件下,饲料中缺乏VA会引起草鱼幼鱼眼球突出、尾鳍充血和肝功能异常,饲料中添加适量的VA会促进草鱼的生长,降低饲料系数,但过量的VA会降低草鱼幼鱼的生长速度。对草鱼体质量增长率与饲料中VA含量进行折线回归分析,可知草鱼幼鱼获得最佳生长时对VA的需要量为1 653 IU/kg,同时建议饲料中VA含量不宜超过7 950 IU/kg。 相似文献
20.
《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2016,(4):40-46
The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a corn straw or mixed diet on milk production, milk composition and the expression of genes associated with lactation in mid-lactation Chinese Holstein cows. In this study, 10 healthy Chinese Holstein cows were randomly assigned to two groups and fed with different diets respectively, corn straw(CS) or mixed forage(MF) diet. CS group was fed roughage consisting of 53.8% corn straw only and the forge to concentrate(F : C) ratio [dry matter(DM)] was about 40: 60. MF group was fed roughage consisting of 3.7% Chinese wildrye and 23.4% alfalfa hay, the forge to concentrate(F : C) ratio(DM) was 70: 30. All the cows were fed 8 weeks and body weight, dry matter intake, body condition score, fat, protein, lactose, milk yield, total solid and somatic cell count(SCC) were recorded. Quantitative real-time PCR(q RT-PCR) was used to analyze cow mammary gland samples representing two different diets. The results suggested that different diet types had significant effects on milk yield, lactose, milk fat, milk protein, dry matter intake and somatic cell count in dairy cows, and cows fed MF diet improved milk production and lactation performance clearly(P0.05). In addition, m RNA expression of genes ACC, m TOR, STAT5, CSN2, PPARγ, FABP3 and PTEN in MF group was extremely significantly higher than that in CS group(P0.05). m RNA expression of AKT1, FAS, SCD and SREBP1 c in MF group was significantly higher than that in CS group(P0.01). In summary, the milk yield and composition in mixed forage group were significantly improved than those in corn straw group. 相似文献