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1.
低磷胁迫对不同水稻品种根系形态和养分吸收的影响   总被引：35，自引：3，他引：35  
以耐低磷品种大粒稻、莲塘早3号和低磷敏感品种沪占七、新三百粒为材料，采用砂培，测定常磷（10 mg/L）和低磷（0.5 mg/L）两个磷水平下，根系形态、同化物分配、矿质元素吸收、离子吸收耗能的品种差异。实验结果表明，低磷胁迫下，耐低磷品种的总根数、总根长、总根表面积、侧根长、侧根数及侧根密度均明显增加，而低磷敏感  相似文献   

2.
The physiological response of multiple rice cultivars, eighteen initially and eight cultivars later on, to suboptimal temperatures (ST) conditions was investigated in laboratory and outdoor experimental conditions. Treatment with ST decreased growth in different extents according to the cultivar and affected the PSII performance, determined by chlorophyll fluorescence fast‐transient test, and stomatal conductance, regardless the experimental condition. Two groups of cultivars could be distinguished on the base of their growth and physiological parameters. The group of cultivars presenting higher growths displayed optimal JIP values, and higher instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi), due to a lower Gs under ST, unlike cultivars showing lower growth values, which presented worse JIP values and could not adjust their Gs and hence their WUEi. In this work, we detected at least two cultivars with superior tolerance to ST than the cold tolerant referent Koshihikari. These cultivars could be used as parents or tolerance donors in breeding for new crop varieties. On other hand, positive and significant correlations between data obtained from laboratory and outdoor experiments suggest that laboratory measurements of most of the above mentioned parameters would be useful to predict the response of rice cultivars to ST outdoor.  相似文献   

3.
Salinity and boron (B) toxicity often occur simultaneously and may have interactive effects on plant responses. This study aims at further investigating long‐term effects of salinity, B toxicity and their combination on wheat plants. Plants grown in hydroponics were treated with 2.5 μm H3BO3 (control), 75 mm NaCl, 200 μm H3BO3 or 75 mm NaCl + 200 μm H3BO3 and were analysed on a subcellular level 6 weeks after germination. Shoot fresh and dry weight (DW), water content, transpiration rate and osmolality were reduced, while Na+ and Cl? concentrations increased under salinity stress. However, Cl? was reduced in all compartments by an additional application of B toxicity. At adequate B supply, NaCl increased apoplastic and symplastic soluble B concentrations, whereas the total B content remained unchanged. At high B level, however, soluble and total B was reduced by additional salt stress. Despite this antagonistic effect of a combined salt and B toxicity stress on Cl? and B concentrations, an additive effect was observed regarding shoot fresh weight reduction. Our results confirm an alleviating effect of the combined stresses on toxic ion concentrations, which did not prevent additive growth reductions.  相似文献   

4.
Heavy metal pollution being a potential threat to agriculture raising rice cultivars with heavy metal tolerance is a promising strategy for remediation of heavy metal polluted agricultural lands. We present here a comprehensive study describing the differences in physiological and biochemical responses of 12 prominent high-yielding rice cultivars to increasing ZnSO4 concentrations (0, 2, 6, and 10 mM) and CdCl2 concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3 mM). Even though Zinc (Zn) is an essential element required for the normal growth and development process of plants, a higher concentration of Zn has an antagonistic effect. Cadmium (Cd) is detrimental to plants and is found in soils contaminated with heavy metals. The effects of Zn and Cd on rice seedlings were a reduction in shoot length, greater chlorophyll and carotenoid loss, higher malondialdehyde content, proline accumulation, and an increased level of sugar and amino acids when treated with CdCl2 and ZnSO4. The CdCl2 and ZnSO4 stress-induced biochemical changes displayed major differences in the 12 rice cultivars in terms of tolerance to Zn and Cd toxicity. Our data provides evidence that the cultivar Varsha showed the highest tolerance and cultivar JY showed the least tolerance towards Cd and Zn toxicity.  相似文献   

5.
A greenhouse experiment was carried out to examine the differential morpho‐physiological responses of five cultivars of turnip (Brassica rapa L.) to salt stress. Five diverse cultivars of turnip (shaljum desi surakh, shaljum purple top, shaljum golden bal, neela shaljum, and peela shaljum) were subjected for 6 weeks to varying levels of NaCl, i.e. 0, 80 and 160 mm in Hoagland’s nutrient solution in sand culture. Imposition of varying levels of salt substantially decreased shoot and root fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll contents, leaf osmotic potential, relative water contents, different gas exchange attributes, total phenolics, malondialdehyde, activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase catalase, and leaf and root K+ levels while enhanced the proline contents, membrane permeability, level of H2O2, leaf and root Na+ and Cl? and leaf Ca2+ in all turnip cultivars under study. Of all cultivars, peela shaljum and neela shaljum were consistently higher in their growth than the other turnip cultivars at all salt concentrations of the growth medium. Photosynthetic capacity (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) were higher in high biomass‐producing cultivars, i.e. peela shaljum and neela shaljum, which provide to be potential selection criteria of salt tolerance in turnip. However, the regulation of antioxidant system was cultivar‐specific under saline conditions.  相似文献   

6.
The behavior of 17 gamma irradiation mutant lines derived from the aluminum sensitive wheat cultivar `Anahuac' was compared with two sensitive and three tolerant cultivars in nutritent solutions containing seven Al3+ concentrations (0; 0.5; 1; 2; 4; 6 and10 mg/liter), at a temperature of 25 °C and 4.0 pH. Tolerance was measured by the continued growth of the primary roots in a solution without aluminum after 48 hours in a solution containing a known concentration of aluminum. 14 mutant lines were as tolerant to the presence of 10 mg/liter of Al3+ in the treatment solutions as were the tolerant `BH-1146', `IAC-60' and `IAC-24' cultivars. Two mutant lines were tolerant and one was sensitive to the presence of 1 mg/liter of Al3+, while the cultivars `Siete Cerros' and `Anahuac' were sensitive to 1 and 0.5 mg/liter Al3+ in the solutions, respectively. F2 seedlings, obtained from cross among one sensitive and twelve tolerant mutant lines to the sensitive cultivars (`Siete Cerros' or `Anahuac') and the tolerant cultivars (`BH-1146' or `IAC-24') were assessed for tolerance to 2 mg/liter Al3+ in nutritient solutions. The twelve tolerant mutant lines and the tolerant `IAC-60' and `IAC-24' cultivars differed from the sensitive `Siete Cerros' or `Anahuac' cultivars by one pair of dominant alleles. The results indicated that tolerance in the induced mutants was due to a single pair of dominant alleles and that these alleles expressed the same tolerance as `BH-1146' and `IAC-24' cultivars. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

7.
The rice eultivars grown in the tropies and sub-tropics can be broadly categorized as aromatic small grain, local coarse grain and modern high yielding varieties (HYV). The first two categories are traditional rice, and are generally palatable. The aromatic rice has better market value than HYV rice, yet farmers are unwilling to expand its cultivation because of the low yield potential. One possibility to expand the cultivation of traditional rice is o t find stress tolerant cultivars for growing in marginal land. The salinity tolerance of nine rice cultivars representing three from each type of aromatic small grains, local coarse grains and HYV types, was analysed at germination and early seedling stage. Seeds were placed for germination and the seedlings were allowed to grow for nine days at NaCl concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM. NaCl decreased the germination index (GI), speed of germination, seedling height and seedling dry matter weight. Seedling characteristics were decreased more than GI. In general aromatic small grain type showed more salt sensitivity than the other two types. Among the nine cultivars Shakkorkhora (aromatic type) showed the least salt tolerance in relation to germination and seedling characters while the other two cultivars of the same group showed tolerance as high as the tolerant cultivars in other types. Generalization of group salt tolerance of rice, therefore, has little value from the agronomic point of view at least at early growth stage. As the number of cultivars employed in this study was only three from each type it is suggested that more cultivars be considered for the purpose of salt tolerant improvement programme of various types of rice.  相似文献   

8.
Metabolic status of total and individual free amino acids were studied in endosperms and embryoaxes of four rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance, growing under increasing levels of saline stress. At all saline treatment levels and in controls salt tolerant cultivars had higher levels of total free amino acids in germinating seed parts than sensitives. Individual free amino acids which always maintained higher levels in germinating tolerant seeds over sensitives were aspartic acid, arginine, glycine and leucine. Salinity caused accumulation of free amino acids in germinating seed parts in all cultivars. Maximum accumulation was of arginine followed by leucine, alanine, valine, glutamine and proline. Individual amino acids accumulated greatly in tolerant cultivars than sensitives. Increased salinity caused decrease in the levels of aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine and histidine in growing embryoaxes. Results suggest possible relationship between levels of free amino acids arginine, leucine, alanine, valine, glutamine and proline and degree of salt tolerance in rice. These all amino acids should be considered in combination as indices for salt tolerance in rice.  相似文献   

9.
为探索缓解水稻砷毒害的农艺措施,选用耐低磷水稻99011和低磷敏感水稻99012,研究水分管理、磷用量及其交互作用对不同砷浓度酸性土壤上水稻生长发育、产量及稻米砷含量的影响。结果表明,节水灌溉(干湿交替)和增施磷肥都明显促进水稻生长(包括分蘖数、总穗数、有效穗、根系干重、生物量)和产量形成,缓解砷胁迫对水稻生长和产量的不利影响,且水、磷交互作用也表现出明显的正效应。50 mg kg-1砷处理时,节水灌溉显著降低精米砷含量,而增施磷肥提高了精米砷含量,水、磷交互效应明显比水分管理效应差,但比磷肥效应好得多;100 mg kg-1砷处理时,节水灌溉和增施磷肥都明显降低精米中的砷含量,且二者交互表现出正效应。土壤加砷后,相同处理的生物学性状均为耐低磷水稻明显大于磷敏感水稻,而精米砷含量则为耐低磷水稻显著低于磷敏感水稻。研究表明,可以根据砷污染程度采取干湿交替水分管理、调节磷用量以及选择吸收磷能力强的耐低磷水稻品种等措施缓解砷污染对水稻生长、产量和品质的不利影响。  相似文献   

10.
为明确不同类型水稻品种的响应规律,为水稻高产稳产、安全生产提供依据。在盆栽土培条件下,研究了5种1,2,4-三氯苯(TCB)浓度(0、10、20、40、80 mg kg-1土)对2个水稻品种(宁粳1号,敏感;扬辐粳8号,耐性)灌浆期剑叶光合特性与产量的影响。结果表明,TCB的影响品种间差异显著。低浓度TCB (10 mg kg-1)下,扬辐粳8号的株高、鲜重和产量显著增加,叶绿素含量、净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率和qN略有升高,但与对照的差异不显著,而Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo略有下降;宁粳1号的净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、ΦPSII、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、qp和产量略有下降,气孔导度显著降低。在20 mg kg-1 TCB处理下,宁粳1号的光合参数、产量、株高、地上部和地下部鲜重均显著降低,而扬辐粳8号略有降低,表现出较强耐性;在中高浓度TCB (40 mg kg-1,80 mg kg-1)处理下,2个水稻品种的光合特性、株高、鲜重和产量均受显著抑制,且以宁粳1号的降幅较大。TCB对水稻光合特性与产量的影响不仅与其浓度有关,且存在显著品种差异,耐性水稻品种表现出低浓度TCB处理对其株高、鲜重、叶绿素含量、光合特性及其产量有一定的促进作用,在中高浓度TCB处理时表现出较强的耐性,受胁迫程度小  相似文献   

11.
To manage iron toxic rainfed lowlands on a sustainable basis for rice production, a trial was conducted using an integrated approach (i.e. tolerant genotype and fertilizer nutrients). This trials involved two rice cultivars ITA 212 and Suakoko 8 in two cropping seasons (1994 and 1995) and on two potentially iron toxic soil types with excessively high active Fe contents of between 4.43 % and 5.15 %, respectively, located in two agro‐ecological zones in Nigeria. The effects of fertilizer nutrients (N, P, K, Zn, N+P, N+K, N+Zn, N+P+K, N+P+K+Zn and control) were evaluated on the grain yield (GY) and nutrient uptake (leaf analyses) of the rice plants using stepwise multiple regression analysis (SMRA). Results showed that these soils are acidic and had sub‐optimal macronutrient and micronutrient contents coupled with excessively high active Fe (FeH) of between 4.43 % and 5.15 %. Fertilizer nutrients N+K, N+P+K and N+P+K+Zn consistently appeared to result in higher GY compared to others on both soil types. Plant analysis of both rice cultivars showed no apparent deficiencies in elemental composition with regard to macronutrients and micronutrients. Results of SMRA showed that tissue K, Zn and Mg contents were significantly related (P < 0.01) to the GY of the two rice cultivars.  相似文献   

12.
Summary A haploid breeding program was initiated to develop doubled haploid salt tolerant rice breeding line via anther culture. Two sensitive breeding lines BR4608-R1-R2 and BR4909-R1-R2 were crossed with a salt tolerant line IR13146-13-3-3 to transfer its salt tolerant character to the doubled haploids.Anther from confirmed F1s of the two crosses were cultured in defined medium for callus induction and eventual plant regeneration. Fifteen doubled haploid (DH) lines were obtained from two crosses. Test for salt tolerance were done in vitro. Five out of 15 lines were found tolerant at the level of 8–10 decisiemens/m (ds/m) while the rests were sensitive to that level of salinity.Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the doubled haploids under saline and non saline soil. Five salt tolerant lines produced comparable yield with the resistant control (BR 23) under saline condition, whereas these lines yielded even higher in non saline soil under irrigated condition when evaluated with other 10 sensitive DH linesAbbreviations LSD Least Significant Difference - NAA Napthalene Acetic Acid  相似文献   

13.
Salt (NaCl)‐induced regulation of some key physio‐biochemical characteristics in two okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) cultivars (Nirali and Posa Sawni) was examined under greenhouse conditions. Plants of both cultivars were subjected for 30 days to sand culture salinized with four salt levels [0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 mm NaCl] in Hoagland’s nutrient solution. Salt stress significantly reduced the shoot and root fresh weights, transpiration rate, chlorophyll b content, net CO2 assimilation (A), transpiration rate (E), while enhanced leaf and root Na+ and Cl– concentrations in both cultivars. In contrast, chlorophyll a content, stomatal conductance (gs), leaf internal CO2 (Ci), Ci/Ca ratio, water‐use efficiency (A/E) and fluorescence characteristics such as photochemical quenching (qP), non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ), efficiency of PS‐II (Fv/Fm), proline contents, and leaf and root K+, Ca2 + and N contents remained almost unaffected in both lines due to salt stress. The efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), A, chlorophyll b, root fresh weight and root N were higher in relatively salt tolerant cv. Nirali, whereas leaf Na+ and root Cl– were higher in cv. Posa Sawni. The relatively more reduction in growth in the cv. Posa Sawni was found to be associated with higher accumulation of Na+ in its leaves and Cl– in roots.  相似文献   

14.
Improvement of Salt Tolerance in Maize by Selection and Breeding   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
M. Ashrai  T. McNelly   《Plant Breeding》1990,104(2):101-107
Genetic variation for NaCl tolerance at the vegetative stage was assessed in nutrient solution culture in maize (Zea mays L.). Shoot growth, and plant fresh and dry weight of the two cultivars, Akbar and Sadat were severely reduced after three weeks growth in 120, 150, and ISO mol m?3 NaCl. There was however considerable variability between seedlings. Ten-thousands seeds of cv. Akbar were therefore screened for shoot growth at 180 mol m?3 NaCl after four weeks growth in sand culture. A selection intensity of 0.42 % was achieved. Eighteen selected plants were polycrossed for estimation of narrow-sense heritability based on female parent-progeny regression. A narrow-sense heritability estimate of 0.54 was obtained. The progeny of the salt-tolerant selection line and selfed progeny plants of the unselccted control lines of cvs Akbar and Sadat were grown for six weeks in 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 mol m?3 NaCl in sand culture. The tolerant line produced significantly greater fresh and dry biomass and had greater shoot length than the unselected cv. Akbar, but the selection line derived from cv. Akbar was equal to the salt tolerant cv. Sadat in all the growth parameters measured. These data suggest that in maize, improvement in salt tolerance could be obtained through further cycles of selection and breeding.  相似文献   

15.
The aim of this research was to investigate betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) and glycinebetaine (Glybet) biosynthesis in photoautotrophic rice seedlings. The role of Glybet on physiological and growth responses to salt stress in both salt‐tolerant and salt‐sensitive lines is to be investigated. The BADH activity in salt‐tolerant seedlings cultured under extreme salt stress (342 mm NaCl) progressively increased during the first few hours until it peaked after 72 h. This was about 2.5 times greater than in salt‐sensitive plants. Similarly, the amount of Glybet detected in salt‐tolerant lines was 1.3 times more than in salt‐sensitive lines at 96 h salt exposure. The BADH activities were positively related to Glybet accumulation in both salt‐tolerant and salt‐sensitive lines. The accumulation of Glybet in salt‐tolerant lines was directly correlated with pigment stabilization. Relative water content in the salt‐tolerant lines was closely related to water oxidation in photosystem II (PSII), defined by maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm). In addition, a high concentration of total chlorophyll is more efficient in capturing light energy, defined by photochemical quenching. The concentrations of chlorophyll a and total carotenoid were positively related to the quantum efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) and non‐photochemical quenching, respectively, resulting in a high net‐photosynthetic rate (NPR) and the promotion of growth. The high level of Glybet in salt‐tolerant lines plays a role as a salt defensive response mechanism in terms of pigment stabilization and water oxidation in PSII, resulting in high NPR and growth efficiency.  相似文献   

16.
不同耐低磷水稻基因型秧苗对难溶性磷的吸收利用   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  
郭再华  贺立源  徐才国 《作物学报》2005,31(10):1322-1327
选取4个典型耐低磷水稻基因型99011、508、580和99112,并以2个磷敏感基因型99012和99056为参照,采用营养液培养和砂培的方法,研究不同磷处理对秧苗生长的影响以及不同耐低磷基因型对3种难溶性磷源(有机磷、铝磷和磷矿粉)吸收利用能力的差异。结果表明,不同无机磷处理,6个基因型生物量和根干重基本上均为全磷处理（P）>对照+铝磷（CK+Al-P）>对照+磷矿粉（CK+RP）> 对照（CK）;4个耐低磷基因型根干重和根冠比均大于2个磷敏感基因型;对于根冠比,耐低磷基因型580和99011为对照+磷矿粉（CK+RP）>对照+铝磷（CK+Al-P）> 对照（CK）> 全磷处理（P）,耐低磷基因型508、99112和磷敏感基因型99012为CK> CK+RP> CK+Al-P > P,磷敏感基因型99056为CK+Al-P > CK+RP > P>CK;缺磷处理,秧苗活化吸收难溶性磷源的能力均为OP> Al-P> RP,且不同基因型的分解吸收能力对OP为99011> 508> 580> 99012> 99112> 99056（表2）,对Al-P为580> 99011> 99112> 508> 99056> 99012（表3）,对RP为580> 99112> 99011> 508> 99012> 99056（表2）。此外,缺磷即CK处理,508对低浓度的磷吸收最多(表2和表3),而580对磷的利用效率显著高于其他基因型（表3）,这些特征可能也是它们耐低磷的重要贡献因子之一。  相似文献   

17.
Growth, photosynthesis and mineral ions accumulation of aromatic small grain, local coarse grain and HYV types of rice were evaluated under saline conditions. Three cultivars from each type were subjected to 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mvi NaCl concentrations. After three weeks of 200 mvi NaCl application only Pokkali and Kalobail, both belonging to the local coarse grain type and IPK 37011 of the HYV type were able to survive. Plant height, green leaf area, leaf weight, shoot and root growth were seriously decreased by salinity. However, leaf area was decreased more than other growth parameters. In general aromatic small grain type showed higher salt-sensitiveness in relation to growth than other types of rice. Photosynthesis (Pn) was decreased by salinity and apparently stomatal resistance was partially responsible for the decreased Pn. Kalijira, an aromatic small grain eultivar, showed serious reduction in Pn, especially at the 150mM NaCl level. Na accumulation was increased while K accumulation was decreased by salinity in all types. Salt tolerant eultivars in all types of rice accumulated less Na and more K than susceptible ones. The K/Na ratio was also higher in tolerant eulti-vars. Ca and Mg eoncentrations were decreased by salinity although not all the eultivars showed clear accumulation patterns as observed for Na and K. As HYV and local coarse grain types of rice in general showed high salt tolerance, a comprehensive breeding programme should be of value for the improvement of salt tolerance of aromatic small grain rice which has a high demand in rice importing countries.  相似文献   

18.
Salinity is a widespread soil problem limiting productivity of oilseed crops worldwide. Reduction in growth generally associated with decline in photosynthesis. Accumulation of osmo‐protectants such as glycinebetaine (GB) permits the plant to cope with salt stress. This study was aimed to understand the mechanism by which exogenous GB application improves photosynthetic capacity and salt tolerance in two diverse lines of canola differing in salt tolerance using chlorophyll fluorescence technique. Glycinebetaine was applied as foliarly or through rooting medium to two canola lines Dunkeld and Cyclone that were grown under non‐saline or saline conditions. Root‐applied GB caused adverse effects whereas foliar application of GB was effective in improving growth of canola cultivars. However, the response of salt‐tolerant cultivar Dunkeld was stronger than that of salt sensitive Cyclone. Foliar application of GB improved accumulation of proline and plant water status. Application of GB enhanced the photosynthetic CO2 fixation, stomatal conductance (gs) and water‐use efficiency. The tolerant lines Dunkeld had more responsive to GB application. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements (Fo, Fm, Fv, Fo/Fm, Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm ratios) revealed that salt stress reduced energy trapping efficiency by damaging oxygen evolving complex, over reduction of QA resulting in occurrence of chronic photoinhibition. However, exogenous GB protected the oxygen evolving centre of PSII and maintains activity of PSII. Although root‐applied GB adversely affected the growth of canola plants, it did not have any adverse effect on PSII photochemistry. Moreover, fluorescence parameters could provide a rapid means for determining salt tolerance in canola and could be a rapid and sensitive test to identify genotypes highly tolerant to salt stress.  相似文献   

19.
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is known to be salt-sensitive and in many regions of the world its yields are restricted by salinity. Recent identification of large variation in chickpea yield under salinity, if genetically controlled, offers an opportunity to develop cultivars with improved salt tolerance. Two chickpea land races, ICC 6263 (salt sensitive) and ICC 1431 (salt tolerant), were inter-crossed to study gene action involved in different agronomic traits under saline and control conditions. The generation mean analysis in six populations, viz. P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2, revealed significant gene interactions for days to flowering, days to maturity, and stem Na and K concentrations in control and saline treatments, as well as for 100-seed weight under salinity. Seed yield, pods per plant, seeds per plant, and stem Cl concentration were controlled by additive effects under saline conditions. Broad-sense heritability values (>0.5) for most traits were generally higher in saline than in control conditions, whereas the narrow-sense heritability values for yield traits, and stem Na and K concentrations, were lower in saline than control conditions. The influence of the sensitive parent was higher on the expression of different traits; the additive and dominant genes acted in opposite directions which led to lower heritability estimates in early generations. These results indicate that selection for yield under salinity would be more effective in later filial generations after gene fixation.  相似文献   

20.
Forty-five accessions of sunflower collected from different countries were screened for salinity tolerance after 2 weeks growth in sand culture salinized with 150 meq l?1 of NaCl2+ CaCl2 (1:1 ratio equivalent wt. basis) in half strength Hoagland's nutrient solution. The results for plant biomass of 45 accessions show that there was considerable variation in salinity tolerance. In a further greenhouse experiment, the salinity tolerance of three tolerant (HO-1, Predovik, Euroflor) and two sensitive (SMH-24, 9UO-985) lines (selected on the basis of their performance in the seedling experiment) was assessed at the adult stage to evaluate the consistency of salinity tolerance at different growth stages. All three salt tolerant accessions produced significantly greater plant biomass, seed yield and seed oil content than the salt sensitive accessions. The tolerant accessions accumulated less Cl? and more K+ in the leaves under saline conditions compared with the salt sensitive accessions. The salt tolerant accessions also maintained relatively high leaf K:Na ratio and K+ versus Na+ selectivity. Although statistically nonsignificant, all three tolerant accessions had greater soluble carbohydrates, soluble proteins, total free amino acids and proline in the leaves than the sensitive accessions. A field trial conducted in a salt-affected field confirmed the greenhouse results of the selected accessions. This study shows that salinity tolerance of sunflower does not vary with stage of plant cycle, so selection for increased salt tolerance can be carried out at the initial growth stage. Secondly, it is found that there is great variation of salt tolerance in sunflower. Low uptake of Cl?, high uptake of K+, and maintenance of high K:Na ratios and K+ versus Na+ selectivity in the leaves and possibly the accumulation of organic osmotica such as soluble carbohydrates, soluble proteins, proline and free amino acids seem to be the important components of salt tolerance in sunflower.  相似文献   

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