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1 斑枯病发生普遍而又严重 ,在贮运期间还能继续危害。(1 )识别要点 ,主要危害叶片 ,也能侵害种子 ,茎和叶柄。开始发生在老叶上 ,后逐渐向新叶上发展。叶上病斑圆形 ,淡褐色 ,油浸状 ,边缘明显 ,病斑上散生小黑点 ,叶柄和病斑上圆形 ,稍凹陷。发病严重时 ,全叶干枯。(2 )发病规律 :病菌以菌丝体潜伏在种皮内越冬 ,出苗后即可染病 ,染病幼苗上产生分生孢子 ,在育苗畦内传播蔓延 ;或在病残体上越冬 ,遇适宜的温、湿度条件 ,产生分生孢子器和分生孢子 ,分生孢子借气流、小滴飞溅和农事操作进行再侵染。孢子萌发产生芽管 ,经气孔或穿透寄主表… 相似文献
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芹菜斑枯病又称叶枯病、晚疫病 ,俗称火龙。是芹菜生长中发生的严重病害 ,全国各地均有发生 ,主要危害叶片、叶柄及茎 ,此病危害叶柄及茎时 ,造成严重减产 ,在运输、销售、贮藏过程中仍会继续发生 ,造成一定损失。１受害症状芹菜斑枯病危害叶片时 ,先出现淡褐色油浸状小斑点 ,后逐渐扩大。扩大后的病斑表现出２种类型 :１．小斑型。即病斑较小 ,直径２ｍｍ～３ｍｍ ,边缘黄褐色 ,中间为白色 ,病斑外部有一圈黄色晕环 ,病斑上在边缘聚生很多小黑点（分生孢子器） ;２．大型斑。病斑直径３ｍｍ～１０ｍｍ ,病斑颜色较深。中间呈灰褐色 ,边缘红… 相似文献
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由(Xanthomonas campestris pv.glycines)所致大豆斑疹病病斑隆起成疱。盆栽大豆感病品种(Chippewa和Horosoy)和它们的抗病品系在二片真叶展开2/3时,用高压喷雾接种(Xanthomonas campestris pv.glycines),接种后的第3、6、9天分别取样;样本分二种处理分别在扫描电镜、透射电镜和普通光学显微镜下观察病斑形成过程.接种后3天,肉眼可见褪绿斑时,病斑部分的表皮细胞和薄壁细胞组织已开始膨大,病斑部分稍有隆起.第6天,肉眼能见疱斑时,表皮细胞和薄壁细胞膨大明显,少数细胞开始破裂.第9天病斑开始变褐,电镜下可见疱斑完全破裂,表皮细胞和薄壁细胞膨大数倍于正常细胞,且细胞破裂,大量细菌溢出。同时可以看到大豆斑疹病细菌在发病初期是在细胞间隙中存活和繁殖的,在表皮细胞和薄壁细胞破裂后进入细胞内,最后完全破坏细胞.从电镜切片中也可以看到疱斑形成主要是由于细胞体积增大所致.抗病品种只有褪绿斑,渐变褐,肉眼看不见疱斑,但在电镜下可见得下表皮稍隆起,有少数细菌存在于细胞间隙,未见有细菌溢出现象。 相似文献
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向日葵细菌性茎腐病的研究Ⅰ.症状及病原菌鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文首次报道了向日葵细菌性茎腐病在我国的发生。对分离到的20个菌株经形态学特性、培养性状、生理生化和血清学反应测定,确定引起我国东北地区向日葵细菌性茎腐病的病原细菌有三种,即Erwinia carotovora subsp.carotovora Dye,E.carotovora subsp.atroseptica Dye和Pseudomonas caryophylli (Burkholder) Starr and Burkholder。 相似文献
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水稻基腐病细菌和玉米茎腐病细菌的比较研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对水稻基腐病细菌(18个菌株)、玉米茎腐病细菌和菊欧氏杆菌的6个致病变种的标准菌株及胡萝卜软腐欧氏杆菌的两个致病变种(Erwinia carotovora pv.carotovora和E.c.pv.atroseptica)进行了58项生化试验的比较。结果水稻菌株在生化性状上与玉米菌株十分相似,最接近菊欧氏杆菌玉米致病变种(E.chrysanthemi pv.zeae),但水稻基腐病细菌在兰色素产生,丙二酸、酒石酸钠利用,产氨和过氧化氢酶活性等项上与玉米致病变种不同。在致病性比较中,水稻菌株比玉米菌株致病力强,寄主范围广。可能是一个独特的致病变种。全细胞蛋白聚丙烯酰胺圆盘电泳的研究表明水稻菌株的蛋白电泳带数与玉米菌株相同,均为16条,但电泳带的迁移率互不相同。血清学研究表明水稻基腐病细菌和玉米致病变种没有共同抗原。 相似文献
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北京地区蔬菜软腐细菌病原的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
近年来京郊蔬菜软腐病害有所增加.经对夏季各类主要蔬菜和窖藏后期的大白菜研究鉴定,欧氏软腐细菌为害大白菜、蕃茄、青椒、马铃薯、黄瓜、冬瓜、南瓜和丝瓜等。经过形态、生理生化特性、致病性等一系列的测定,发现蔬菜上腐烂细菌的种类有所变化,窖藏后期大白菜腐烂主要病原是假单孢杆菌(Pseudomonas spp)夏季蔬菜上主要是胡萝卜软腐欧氏杆菌胡萝卜软腐致病型(Erwinia carotovora pv.carotovora),在蕃茄和丝瓜上还发现有胡萝卜软腐欧氏菌马铃薯黑胫病致病型(Erwinia carotovora pv.atroseptica). 相似文献
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大白菜软腐细菌从幼根侵染的组织病理学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将大白菜种子置于培养皿内的滤纸上发芽。滤纸用不同浓度的洗涤与不洗涤的软腐欧氏杆菌(Erwinia carotovora pv.carotovoar Dye)悬浮液,离心上清液,培养基浸出液和灭菌生理盐水浸润。在25℃下培养26小时后,用细菌悬浮液处理的幼芽发病率为8-95%不等。病苗生长量为对照(用生理盐水处理)的17-80%。扫描电镜观察的结果指出,接种后病原细菌首先在根毛区发现,以后才在伸长区和成熟区发现大量病菌。成熟区表皮细胞与细胞交界处的细胞壁有被分解的迹象。在幼苗的导管及其附近的薄壁细胞内均发现了病原细菌,检出率分别为16%和3%。在病苗组织内和幼根表面的病菌可产生微纤丝。病苗幼茎经压气处理24小时后,对其断面进行扫描电镜观察,结果表明,病菌可将导管的外壁与纹孔膜分解而使导管解体仅剩螺蚊加厚部分或呈网孔状。 相似文献
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水稻品种与水稻细菌性条斑病菌的互作机制 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
水稻叶片接种3d后，水稻细菌性条斑病菌开始在叶片上大量增殖；接种10d后，病菌数量开始保持相对的稳定，但感病品种上的菌量比抗病品种上的菌量在10倍左右，病斑在接种后第3d开始出现，接种10d以后，病斑在感病品种上能继续快速发展，而在抗病品种上开始受到抑制，通过对抗病和感病品种叶片上的气孔观测发现，感病品种的气孔密度和气孔长度一般都较抗病品种大，相关分析表明，气孔长度理发师品种抗性相关。接种后对PAL酶的活性测定结果表明，PAL酶的活性与品种抗性呈负相关关系。 相似文献
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香蕉苗纹枯病及病原鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
香蕉苗纹枯病是香蕉试管苗在薄膜大棚内培育中的一种新病害。病害初期叶片或叶柄上出现一至多个水渍状退绿病斑，后扩大呈云纹状大斑，病斑中部灰白色，边缘浅褐色；随病斑扩大，叶片、叶柄、假茎枯烂，植株死亡。病部可见许多白色菌丝，菌核呈黑褐色，经分离鉴定，该病由立枯丝核菌引起。在ＰＤＡ上生长很快，菌落初期无色，后变浅褐色，质地疏松，菌丝有隔，呈锐角分枝，分枝处明显缢缩。 相似文献
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本研究利用普通光学显微镜、透射电镜和扫描电镜观察白条黄单胞菌[Xanthomonas albilineans(Ashby) Dowson]侵染后菌体定殖及对甘蔗叶片和蔗茎组织超微结构的影响。结果表明,白条黄单胞菌侵染后叶片的薄壁组织细胞膜裂解,木质部生长受到抑制。叶绿体形状多近圆形,基质片层解体,被膜破坏呈松弛状态,出现大量的原生质膜。扫描电镜可见白条黄单胞菌存在于各个叶肉细胞中,同时在维管束中也发现菌体定殖,特别是木质部导管。蔗茎的维管束被白条黄单胞菌堵塞,使得蔗茎木质化、木栓化严重。本研究有助于理解白条黄单胞菌对甘蔗叶片和蔗茎细胞内细胞器损伤的形态破坏,为白条病防治提供超微形态学依据。 相似文献
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ZHOU Honghua 《干旱区科学》2019,11(6):866-879
Populus euphratica Oliv. is a unique woody tree that can be utilized for vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid areas. The effects of saline water irrigation (0.00, 2.93, 8.78 and 17.55 g/L NaCl solutions) on water transport and water use efficiency (WUE) of P. euphratica saplings were researched for improving the survival of P. euphratica saplings and vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid areas of Xinjiang, China in 2011. Results showed that hydraulic conductivity and vulnerability to cavitation of P. euphratica saplings were more sensitive in root xylem than in twig xylem when irrigation water salinity increased. Irrigation with saline water concentration less than 8.78 g/L did not affect the growth of P. euphratica saplings, under which they maintained normal water transport in twig xylem through adjustment of anatomical structure of vessels and kept higher WUE and photosynthesis in leaves through adjustment of stomata. However, irrigation with saline water concentration up to 17.55 g/L severely inhibited the photochemical process and WUE of P. euphratica saplings, resulting in severe water-deficit in leaves and a sharp reduction in water transport in xylem. Thus, it is feasible to irrigate P. euphratica forest by using saline groundwater for improving the survival of P. euphratica saplings and vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid areas of Xinjiang, China. 相似文献
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本文是报道寄生于锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla Lam.)的叶片和叶柄、豆荚上缝裂壳孢属(Petrakomyces)的一个新种,并作了中文和拉丁文的描述。模式标本存于吉林省农业科学院植物保护研究所标本室内。 相似文献
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The time course of accumulation of two phytoalexins, the terpenoid rishitin and the polyacetylene cis-tetradeca-6-ene-1,3-diyne-5,8-diol, was determined in near-isogenic susceptible and resistant tomato lines inoculated with either Verticillium albo-atrum or Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici.Cultivars containing the Ve gene for verticillium wilt resistance accumulated phytoalexins at a rate similar to that in susceptible plants following stem inoculation with V. albo-atrum. Higher amounts of phytoalexins were isolated from susceptible than from resistant plants at 11 days after inoculation. Inoculum concentrations of 105, 106, 107 and 108 conidia ml−1 had no differential effect on phytoalexin accumulation at 3 days after inoculation. Also, no differences were observed between fungal growth in susceptible and resistant cultivars during that period.A cultivar containing the I-1 gene for fusarium wilt resistance contained more rishitin than did susceptible plants at 2 and 3 days after inoculation with 107 conidia of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici ml−1, but at 7 and 11 days after inoculation more rishitin had accumulated in the susceptible plants.No difference was observed between the rate of accumulation of phytoalexin in stem segments from resistant and susceptible plants inoculated by vacuum-infiltration.To estimate the concentration of phytoalexins in the xylem fluid, sap was expressed from vascular tissue and amounts of phytoalexins were determined in the sap and in the expressed tissue. Less than 5% of the phytoalexins present in stem segments was recovered from the sap, indicating that their concentration in the xylem fluid may be relatively low.The role of phytoalexins in resistance to verticillium and fusarium wilt is discussed. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT To follow the movement of Erwinia amylovora in plant tissue without dissection, this bacterium was marked with either the lux operon from Vibrio fischeri or the gfp gene from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria, both carried on multicopy plasmids and expressed under the control of the lac promoter from Escherichia coli. Movement of the pathogen was visualized in leaves, stems, and roots of apple seedlings, and migration of E. amylovora was traced from inoculation sites in the stem to as far as the roots. Green fluorescent E. amylovora cells were observed in the xylem and later appeared to break out of the vessels into the intercellular spaces of the adjacent parenchyma. Inoculation in the intercostal region of leaves caused a zone of slow necrosis that finally resulted in bacterial invasion of the xylem vessels. Labeled bacteria could also be seen in association with the anchor sites of leaf hairs. Distortion of the epidermis adjacent to leaf hairs created openings that were observed by scanning electron microscopy. As the intercostal region, the bases of leaf hairs provided E. amylovora access to intact xylem vessels, which allowed further distribution of the pathogen in the host plant. 相似文献
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Miroslaw Sobczak Wladyslaw Golinowski Florian M.W. Grundler 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1997,103(2):113-124
Plant parasitic nematodes of the genus Heterodera show a high degree of sexual dimorphism, which is reflected by different nutritional demands and differences in the structure of the induced specific syncytial feeding site in the plant. The determination of the sex of the nematode Heterodera schachtii and other related species was repeatedly reported to be dependent on trophic factors, which are provided by the induced syncytia. The structural differences of syncytia induced by H. schachtii in roots of Arabidopsis thaliana were analysed at the anatomical and ultrastructural level. Syncytia of males were induced in the root pericycle. The developing syncytium then expanded into procambial or cambial cells of the vascular cylinder. Differentiated vascular elements were not included. The expansion of the syncytium triggered the proliferation of cambial and peridermal tissues, in a manner similar to secondary growth, and the formation of additional xylem and phloem elements. In comparison to syncytia associated with females, syncytia associated with males were less hypertrophied and were composed of more cells. Distinct cell wall openings were mostly found between the few strongly hypertrophied syncytial elements at the actual feeding site in the pericycle. The ultrastructure was very similar to female-associated syncytia but showed conspicuous differences in the structure and localization of cell wall ingrowths. These ingrowths were rare and weakly developed and occurred not only at the interface with xylem elements but also at the internal and external walls of the syncytia. After feeding had ceased at the end of the third developmental stage the syncytia degenerated. 相似文献
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H. D. Coletta-Filho E. O. Pereira A. A. Souza M. A. Takita M. Cristofani-Yale M. A. Machado 《Plant pathology》2007,56(4):661-668
Resistance to Xylella fastidiosa was evaluated within a population of 20 interspecific hybrids of Pera sweet orange and Murcott tangor under greenhouse conditions. Efficiency of inoculation, multiplication of bacteria within the plants, xylem vessel morphology, and symptom expression were analysed. The rate of infection ranged from 40 to 100% (average 70%) for all genotypes analysed. Xylella fastidiosa populations ranged from log 0·59 to log 2·13 cells mg−1 tissue for the resistant hybrids. These values were significantly different ( P = 0·05) from those obtained for the tolerant (no symptoms but bacteria recovered) or susceptible (symptoms and bacteria recovered) hybrids (log 3·02 to log 4·06 cells mg−1 ). Xylella fastidiosa was recovered from all hybrids (log 2·31 to 5·03 CFU mg−1 tissue) except the resistant ones. The first foliar symptoms appeared at least 90 days post-inoculation, the time varying according to genotype. No correlation between xylem vessel morphology and disease expression was observed, indicating that the resistance was the result of a genetic response of the host. According to this hypothesis, a high broad-based heritability index for resistance was obtained (0·96) at 210 days from X. fastidiosa inoculations, using bacterial quantification by real-time PCR, which indicated that the influence of the number of bacteria was the result of genetic rather than environmental variations. 相似文献
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水稻白叶枯病菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xoo)从自然孔口水孔或者伤口处侵入水稻叶片,在维管束中定殖、繁殖和扩展,引起典型的叶枯症状。可视化这个动态的病程过程和快速定量水稻组织中细菌的群体是Xoo-水稻互作研究中亟待突破的技术难点。本研究在PXO99A菌株中表达gusA基因,将其置于lacZ启动子、hrpX启动子和不含有(T1)4终止子的hrpX启动子下,构建了3个示踪菌株PXO99AGUSRBS、PXO99AGUSX和PXO99AGUSX-。水稻上毒性测定结果显示,这3个示踪菌株与野生型PXO99A展现相同的毒性。利用示踪菌株,通过注射接种法,能够观察到Xoo在水稻维管束中定殖和扩展的动态变化;通过喷雾接种法,能够观察到Xoo从叶尖或者叶缘侵入水稻叶片引起发病的特性;发现PXO99AGUSX和PXO99AGUSX-比PXO99AGUSRBS能够更加灵敏地反映这些病程。同时发现,PXO99AGUSRBS的细菌数量与受其侵染的水稻组织的GUS活性显著正相关。本研究也评价了利用GUS活性测定法精确和快速地定量水稻组织中细菌群体的可行性。以上结果表明这套GUS系统是非常有效的,能够示踪病原菌的侵染过程和监测细菌在水稻组织中的群体数量,这将为Xoo-水稻互作研究提供有力的技术支持。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Water exits from inside the leaf through transpiration or guttation. Under conditions to promote guttation, surface fluid (guttation fluid) from Brome mosaic virus (BMV)-infected barley, wheat, and maize plants was analyzed for the presence of the virus by biological and serological assays. We also investigated the route by which BMV exited infected cells to the intercellular space of the barley leaf. BMV was detected in guttation fluid from systemically infected barley leaves when the initial viral symptoms were observed on these leaves. The virus was also detected in guttation fluid from systemically infected wheat leaves, but not in maize leaves showing either systemic necrosis or chlorotic streaks. Interestingly, in BMV-infected barley leaves, but not in maize leaves showing chlorotic streaks, cell death occurred within and adjacent to veins. Staining of xylem and phloem networks in infected barley leaves with fluorescent dyes showed that xylem, and to a lesser extent phloem, were severely damaged and thus became leaky for dye transport. No such damage was observed in BMV-infected maize leaves showing chlorotic streaks. We propose that in infected barley leaves, BMV exits from damaged vein cells (especially the xylem elements), accumulates in intercellular spaces, and then reaches the surface of the leaves through stomata during guttation or transpiration. In nature, BMV may be carried to adjacent plants and cause infection by movement of vertebrate and invertebrate vectors among infected plants exuding guttation fluid. 相似文献