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《中国渔业质量与标准》2016,(5)
采用单因子污染指数法分析了2015年上市出售前乳山海域养殖的太平洋牡蛎和广饶海域养殖的毛蚶、菲律宾蛤仔、文蛤、四角蛤等5种常见贝类中铜、铅、镉、铬、总汞等重金属的残留水平,并采用点估计法,通过计算贝类体内的重金属暴露风险商(HQ)评价食用上述5种贝类可能导致的健康风险。结果显示,不同种类的贝类中重金属含量差异较大,太平洋牡蛎中的铜和镉以及毛蚶中的铅含量较高,处于中污染水平,其他贝类中的重金属含量较低。然而暴露风险商(HQ)结果显示,成人和儿童仅在过量食用乳山养殖太平洋牡蛎时会存在镉的暴露健康风险,其中儿童受到的风险高于成年人,太平洋牡蛎中镉的摄食风险应该引起重视。本研究为建立适合中国的膳食暴露评估模型,制定合理的水产品中重金属污染物限量标准提供了参考。 相似文献
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<正> 1 养殖区的选择 首先对几个主要贝类养殖品种,即青蛤、文蛤、杂色蛤、毛蚶等三蛤一蚶的养殖区进行深入勘察,认真分析、科学确定,将养殖区分别选在潮流畅通、地势平坦、风浪较小、无污染的滩涂上。青、文蛤养殖区选在干潮时间一般在2～4h的潮间区,杂色蛤、毛蚶养殖区选择不干露的滩涂。底质:青蛤养殖区选择含泥量在50％～80％的滩涂;文蛤选择含沙量在50％～80％的滩涂;杂色蛤选择含沙量在50％～70％的滩涂;毛蚶选择软质沙 相似文献
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于2008年2月至2009年2月每个月的大潮期对罗源湾内的两个主要太平洋牡蛎养殖区(下宫、迹头)海水环境中及太平洋牡蛎体内的粪大肠菌群(FCB)数量进行一周年的调查.调查结果表明:养殖区水体中的FCB数量在＜20 ～2 400个/L之间,平均值为403个/L;海区太平洋牡蛎中的FCB数量在2.3×103 ～≥2.4×105个/kg之间,平均值为3.0×104个/kg.养殖区海水的达标率为92.3％,养殖区太平洋牡蛎的达标率均为26.1％.季节变化表现为:养殖区海水中FCB夏季＞春季＞秋季＞冬季;太平洋牡蛎中FCB秋季＞夏季＞冬季＞春季.罗源湾两个养殖区(下宫、迹头)的太平洋牡蛎体内的FCB污染较严重.应加强贝类产品,特别是生食贝类产品安全上市的管理,促进对陆源污染的治理. 相似文献
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贻贝等六种软体动物磷脂的比较 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对紫贻贝、栉孔扇贝、褶牡蛎、杂色哈、缢蛏、毛蚶六种贝类的磷脂作了比较研究,对它们的出肉率、总脂、中性脂、极性脂、磷脂及其组分、脂肪酸的组成做了检测分析。结果表明,六种贝类的磷脂特性有一定的差异、牡蛎中磷脂酰肌醇含量特别高。心磷脂只有牡晟和毛蚶中被检测出,毛蚶中含ＰＥＡ,而无ＤＨＡ。六种贝类共同特点是磷脂酰胆碱磷脂酰乙醇胺之和在７０％左右。 相似文献
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广东沿海贝类4种重金属含量分析和评价 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
根据2007年6～9月对广东沿海4种贝类养殖区90个样品的检测结果,研究了贝类体内重金属的含量和累积,对贝类的质量安全进行评价。结果表明：（1）菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum体内含量大小顺序为铜（Cu）〉镉（Cd）〉铬（Cr）〉铅（Pb）,太平洋牡蛎Crassostreagigas和近江牡蛎C．rivularis的大小顺序都是Cu〉Cd〉Pb〉Cr,而翡翠贻贝Pernaviridis的大小顺序则是Cu〉Pb〉Cd〉Cr;（2）菲律宾蛤仔、太平洋牡蛎和翡翠贻贝未受重金属污染,但部分近江牡蛎体中Cd和Cu含量已超过中国农业行业标准“无公害食品：水产品有毒有害物质限量”标准,应该引起重视。 相似文献
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乳山市海岸线长185km,滩涂面积6667hm^2(10万亩),其中可养滩涂贝类面积2000hm^2(3万亩),已养1400hm^2(2．1万亩),主要分布在乳山口内湾和前海小泓至杜家岛内湾,大部分底质为软泥、泥沙质,小部分为沙质,底栖硅藻丰富,适宜滩涂贝类生长。滩涂贝类养殖在乳山已有百余年的历史,养殖品种有杂色蛤、牡蛎、缢蛏、青蛤等。滩涂养殖在海水养殖产业和产量中均占有举足轻重的地位。 相似文献
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贝类中3种组织血型抗原ELISA检测方法的建立与分型 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
人类组织血型抗原(histo-blood group antigens,HBGAs)是诺如病毒(NoVs)的结合受体,本研究假设贝类中也存在类似的HBGAs并且特异性地富集NoVs,利用HBGAs单克隆抗体,建立贝类中3种HBGAs的ELISA检测方法,分析牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)、缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)、紫贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis)、毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)、栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)等6种双壳贝类中HBGAs的类型。结果显示,在上述6种贝类中都检测出A型抗原,其中菲律宾蛤仔的检出率为11.6%(9/77),紫贻贝的检出率为28.1%(16/57),缢蛏样品为72.3%(47/65),栉孔扇贝为84.6%(58/69),其余贝类检出率为100%;只有牡蛎样品检出H抗原,检出率为30.7%(28/91);在缢蛏和毛蚶样品中检测出B型抗原,检出率分别为76.9%(50/65)和77.8(56/72)。结果表明贝类中存在不止1种类型的HBGAs。 相似文献
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Pramoda Kumar Sahoo Mudagandur S Shekhar Abhilipsa Das Manickam Dilli Kumar Bindu R Pillai A S Sahul Hameed 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(8):1096-1106
The present study evaluated the role of recombinant RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) protein of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) in modulating the immune response and in reducing MrNV load in infected prawn. In the first experiment, prawns (25–30 g) were injected with recombinant RdRp protein (RP) at a concentration of 0, 1.0 and 10 μg, and immune parameters and expression of some immune‐related genes were measured up to 14 days post injection (p.i.). In the second experiment, early juveniles were injected with a similar dose of RdRp and animals were challenged by immersion with MrNV. The infection status was detected in muscles by nested RT‐PCR up to 21 days post challenge. Prawn injected with higher concentration of RP showed significantly higher total haemocyte count at different period post injection. Significant up‐regulation of immune‐related genes was observed within 24 h in prawn treated with lower dose of RP and after 7 days p.i. at higher level of RP injection compared with adult control. Most of the tested samples (63%) were found to be RT‐PCR positive for MrNV at 48 h of post‐immersion challenge. After 14 days, MrNV was detected only in control prawn, while both RP‐injected groups were MrNV negative. This study elucidated the potential viral load reduction role played by RdRP in MrNV‐infected prawn. 相似文献
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M A Farook N Madan G Taju S Abdul Majeed K S N Nambi N Sundar Raj S Vimal A S Sahul Hameed 《Journal of fish diseases》2014,37(8):703-710
White tail disease (WTD) caused by Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV) is a serious problem in prawn hatcheries. The gene for capsid protein of MrNV (MCP43) was cloned into pRSET B expression vector. The MCP43 protein was expressed as a protein with a 6‐histidine tag in Escherichia coli GJ1158 with NaCl induction. This recombinant protein, which was used to raise the antiserum in rabbits, recognized capsid protein in different WTD‐infected post‐larvae and adult prawn. Various immunological methods such as Western blot, dot blot and ELISA techniques were employed to detect MrNV in infected samples using the antiserum raised against recombinant MCP43 of MrNV. The dot blot assay using anti‐rMCP43 was found to be capable of detecting MrNV in WTD‐infected post‐larvae as early as at 24 h post‐infection. The antiserum raised against r‐MCP43 could detect the MrNV in the infected samples at the level of 100 pg of total protein. The capsid protein of MrNV estimated by ELISA using anti‐rMCP43 and pure r‐MCP43 as a standard was found to increase gradually during the course of infection from 24 h p.i. to moribund stage. The results of immunological diagnostic methods employed in this study were compared with that of RT‐PCR to test the efficiency of antiserum raised against r‐MCP43 for the detection of MrNV. The Western blot, dot blot and ELISA detected all MrNV‐positive coded samples as detected by RT‐PCR. 相似文献
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L Bigarré M Lesne A Lautraite V Chesneau A Leroux M Jamin P M Boitard A Toffan M Prearo S Labrut P Daniel 《Journal of fish diseases》2017,40(1):105-118
Iridoviridae are known to cause disease in sturgeons in North America. Here, histological and molecular methods were used to screen for this family of virus in sturgeons from various European farms with low‐to‐high morbidity. Some histological samples revealed basophilic cells in the gill and labial epithelia, strongly suggesting the accumulation of iridovirus particles. Newly developed generic PCR tests targeting the major capsid protein (MCP) gene of sturgeon iridoviruses identified in North America, namely the white sturgeon iridovirus and the Namao virus (NV), produced positive signals in most samples from four sturgeon species: Russian (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), Siberian (A. baerii), Adriatic (A. naccarii) and beluga (Huso huso). The sequences of the PCR products were generally highly similar one another, with nucleotide identities greater than 98%. They were also related to (74–88%), although distinct from, American sturgeon iridoviruses. These European viruses were thus considered variants of a single new virus, provisionally named Acipenser iridovirus‐European (AcIV‐E). Moreover, three samples infected with AcIV‐E showed genetic heterogeneity, with the co‐existence of two sequences differing by five nucleotides. One of our European samples carried a virus distinct from AcIV‐E, but closely related to NV identified in Canada (95%). This study demonstrates the presence of two distinct sturgeon iridoviruses in Europe: a new genotype AcIV‐E and an NV‐related virus. 相似文献
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2002年采用PCR-核酸探针斑点杂交法检测了乳山对虾养殖场1000余份样品携带白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)的情况。结果显示,639例对虾样品中阳性检出率为26·6%;77例蟹类样品中阳性检出率为18·2%;266例浮游动物样品中阳性检出率为38·3%,3~9月份浮游动物阳性率呈下降趋势,消毒后水体中浮游动物的阳性率仍很高;30例贝类样品检测均为阴性;204例底泥样品中,阳性检出率为17·6%,22例抽滤海水样品检测均为阴性。结果表明,虾、蟹类在传播WSSV中起着重要作用,贝类、海水传播WSSV的可能性很小,浮游动物、底泥在传播WSSV中的作用和机制应引起高度重视。 相似文献
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Variability in the solubility of agricultural limestone from different sources and its pertinence for aquaculture 
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下载免费PDF全文 Samples of agricultural limestone were obtained from quarries in the USA as follows: Talking Rock, GA; Whitestone, GA; Austinville, VA; Bonham, TX; and Thomasville, PA, referred as GA‐1, GA‐2, VA, TX and PA respectively. The limestone products were tested initially for non‐equilibrium pH, concentrations of calcium and magnesium, neutralizing value (NV) and fineness rate. Laboratory solubility test of the products was conducted in which pH, specific conductance (SC), total alkalinity (TA), total and calcium hardness were measured weekly for 9 weeks. It was found that the agricultural limestone samples had comparable chemical compositions, that is NV (97–108%), Ca (19.8–32.1%), Mg (3.2–12.2%), pH of slurry (8.1–9.7), but somewhat different solubilities in water. Total alkalinity concentrations at equilibrium ranged from 30 to 60 mg L?1. It was possible to quickly estimate the relative solubility of different agricultural limestone samples by comparing their specific conductance under standardized conditions (2.0 g samples w/0.15–0.25 mm fineness; 3.5 L distilled water; 24 h). This procedure might be helpful in achieving better results when liming aquaculture ponds, that is choosing the agricultural limestones with the highest solubilities in water. 相似文献
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S. K. Otta Indrani Karunasagar Iddya Karunasagar 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2003,220(1-4):59-67
The simultaneous presence of monodon baculovirus (MBV) and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in apparently healthy postlarvae of Penaeus monodon from different hatcheries in India was studied by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MBV could be detected in 54% of the samples. However, only 15% of samples were positive by non-nested reaction. WSSV could be detected in 75% of samples, 19% being positive by non-nested reaction. The results show simultaneous presence of WSSV and MBV in many samples at various degrees of infection. Only 14% of the samples analysed were negative for both viruses. 相似文献
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Effect of chemical and physical treatments on the inactivation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus and extra small virus 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 White tail disease (WTD) is found to cause immense economic losses in hatcheries, with mortalities often reaching 100% within 4 or 5 days. The pathogenic agents have been identified as Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) associated with extra small virus (XSV), which are 27 and 15 nm in diameter respectively. The effects of some chemical disinfectants hydrogen ions (pH), heat and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the inactivation of MrNV and XSV were investigated. The viral inoculum exposed to UV irradiation for a period of 5 min and more was totally inactivated and failed to cause mortality in postlarvae of prawn. The viruses were totally inactivated by this high pH (8.5, 9 and 10). The viral suspension treated with sodium hypochloride, formalin, Benzalkonium chloride and Benzethonium chloride at the concentration of 200 ppm caused 100% mortality in postlarvae of prawn. Iodine was found to be effective to inactivate MrNV and XSV at the concentration of 100 ppm or more, whereas the viral suspension treated with iodine at the concentration of 50 ppm or less caused mortality in postlarvae. The infected postlarvae in treated and positive control groups showed positive by RT‐PCR for these viruses. 相似文献
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江苏地区对虾3种病毒病的流行病学调查及5株IHHNV的编码区基因序列分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)、桃拉综合征病毒(TSV)、传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(IHHNV)是威胁对虾养殖的重要病毒。为了调查这3种病在江苏境内的流行情况,根据世界动物卫生组织(OIE)推荐的《水生动物疾病诊断手册》的PCR检测法对2015年5月—2016年5月采集的1436尾对虾样品进行3种疾病的流行病学调查。结果显示WSSV阳性率为17.20%,TSV阳性率为0%,IHHNV阳性率为39.48%。对江苏不同地区分离出的5株IHHNV进行基因序列分析,数据显示这5个地区的毒株均属于Ⅰ型感染株,与韩国株的进化关系较为接近。本研究通过调查以上3种病毒病在江苏境内的流行情况,并进行序列分析,发现江苏不同地区的凡纳滨对虾IHHNV感染均为Ⅰ型,研究结果对养殖虾的疾病防控有重要参考价值。 相似文献
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Mudagandur S Shekhar Pramoda K Sahoo Manickam Dillikumar Abhilipsa Das 《Aquaculture Research》2011,42(12):1778-1788
RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), B2 and capsid genes of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) of Indian isolate were polymerase chain reaction amplified, cloned and sequenced. Expression of the MrNV fusion recombinant proteins of RdRp (44.5 kDa), B2 (32.2 kDa) and capsid (58.4 kDa) was confirmed by Western blot analysis using anti‐His mouse monoclonal antibodies. Polyclonal antibodies specific to purified recombinant MrNV capsid protein showed specificity against the capsid protein by Western blot. The protein sequence analysis of the partial RdRp gene of MrNV revealed the signature sequence along with the conserved core residues of the catalytic domain and indicated the presence of active sites, metal ion‐binding site and nucleic acid‐binding site residues. The Indian isolate of MrNV showed high RdRp and capsid gene sequence homology with the other MrNV geographical isolates. However, the Belize isolate was found to be the most distinct among the different geographical prawn nodavirus isolates due to the host specificity. Secondary structure prediction analysis of the MrNV capsid predicted it to be a DNA‐binding protein consisting of α helix (22.91%), extended strand (24.80%), β turn (5.39%) and random coil (46.90%) regions. 相似文献