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1.
追氮方式对夏玉米土壤N2O和NH3排放的影响 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
【目的】研究氮肥与硝化抑制剂撒施及条施覆土三种追施氮肥方式下土壤N2O和NH3排放规律、 O2浓度及土壤NH4+-N、 NO2--N和NO3--N的时空动态,揭示追氮方式对两种重要环境气体排放的影响及机制。【方法】试验设置3个处理: 1)农民习惯追氮方式撒施(BC); 2)撒施添加10%的硝化抑制剂(BC+DCD); 3) 条施后覆土(Band)。 3个处理均在施肥后均匀灌水20 mm。在夏玉米十叶期追施氮肥后的15天(2014年7月23日至8月8日)进行田间原位连续动态观测,并在玉米成熟期测定产量及吸氮量。采用静态箱-气相色谱法测定土壤N2O排放量,土壤气体平衡管-气相色谱法测定土壤N2O浓度,PVC管-通气法测定土壤NH3挥发,土壤气体平衡管-泵吸式O2浓度测定仪测定土壤O2浓度。【结果】农民习惯追氮方式N2O排放量为N 395 g/hm2,NH3挥发损失为N 22.9 kg/hm2,同时还导致土壤在一定程度上积累了NO2--N。与习惯追氮方式相比,添加硝化抑制剂显著减少N2O排放89.4%,使NH3挥发略有增加,未造成土壤NO2--N的累积。条施覆土使土壤N2O排放量显著增加将近1倍,但使NH3挥发显著减少69.4%,同时造成施肥后土壤局部高NO2--N累积。条施覆土的施肥条带上土壤NO2--N含量与N2O排放通量呈显著正相关。土壤气体的O2和N2O浓度受土壤含水量控制,当土壤WFPS大于60%时,020 cm土层中的O2浓度明显降低,而N2O浓度增加,土壤N2O浓度和土壤O2浓度间呈极显著负相关。各处理地上部产量及总吸氮量差异不显著。【结论】土壤NO2--N的累积与铵态氮肥施肥方式密切相关,NO2--N的累积能够促进土壤N2O的排放,且在条施覆土时达到显著水平(P0.05)。追氮方式对N2O和NH3两种气体的排放存在某种程度的此消彼长,添加硝化抑制剂在减少N2O排放的同时会增加NH3挥发,条施覆土在显著减少NH3挥发的同时会显著增加土壤N2O排放。在条施覆土基础上添加硝化抑制剂,有可能同时降低N2O排放和NH3挥发损失,此推论值得进一步研究。 相似文献
2.
接种蚯蚓对施加秸秆的旱作稻田N2O排放的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过田间试验研究了秸秆不同施用方式下接种蚯蚓(威廉腔环蚓,Metaphire guillelmi)对水稻旱作土壤N2O排放通量的影响。结果显示施加秸秆和接种蚯蚓增加了N2O的排放量。在秸秆表施的情况下,接种蚯蚓处理显著提高了N2O的排放量,从12.54 kg/hm2提高到14.94 kg/hm2 (P<0.05);但是在秸秆混施的情况下,接种蚯蚓处理未显著提高N2O的排放量。蚯蚓的存在使土壤NO3--N的含量显著提高,尤其是在混施秸秆的情况下。由于栽培期内NH4+-N变化幅度较小,不同处理NO3--N含量的变化决定了土壤矿质氮的分异。农田生态系统中蚯蚓对N2O排放的贡献主要体现在促进秸秆混入土壤,从而加快秸秆的分解和N2O的排放。 相似文献
3.
外加可溶性碳源对华北典型农田土壤N2O、CO2排放的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以华北平原典型农田土壤为对象,运用静态培养系统研究方法,设置室内培养试验,研究添加不同浓度葡萄糖对土壤N2O、CO2排放的影响.结果表明:碳氮配施的外源添加方式明显促进N2O和CO2排放,其排放通量均高于对照组和只添加氮源的处理.在配施碳源葡萄糖浓度为0.5 g/kg时N2O排放通量最高(NH4+组2 500 μg/(kg·d),单位以N计,下同,NO3-组1 500 μg/(kg·d)),4.0 g/kg时N2O排放通量最低(NH4+组500 μg/(kg·d),NO3-组800 μg/(kg·d));葡萄糖浓度为2.0 g/kg时CO2排放通量最高(NH+组500mg/(kg· d)),0.5 g/kg时CO2排放通量最低(NH+组100 mg/(kg,d)).从培养开始到结束,只添加氮源的土壤NH+含量变化不明显,NO3-含量增至29.21 mg/kg(NH4+组)和62.25 mg/kg(NO3-组);而配施葡萄糖的土壤NH+含量降为不足1 mg/kg(NH4+组),NO3-含量明显减少.N2O累积排放通量与葡萄糖浓度呈负相关(NH4+组),CO2累积排放通量与葡萄糖浓度呈正相关.分析结果表明,外加可溶性碳源明显减少土壤中NH4+和NO3-含量,并且促进土壤N2O、CO2排放,其排放通量大小与C/N比有关. 相似文献
4.
竹叶及其生物质炭输入对板栗林土壤N2O通量的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
【目的】氧化亚氮(N2O)是温室气体的主要组成部分,其增温效应极强,陆地生态系统是N2O的主要排放源之一。人工林生态系统是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,但目前关于经营措施对人工林生态系统土壤N2O通量的影响研究较少。本文研究了竹叶及其生物质炭输入对板栗林土壤N2O排放通量的影响,为调控亚热带人工林土壤N2O排放通量提供理论基础与科学依据。【方法】定位试验于2012年7月~2013年7月在浙江省临安市三口镇典型板栗林区进行,设对照、输入竹叶、输入生物质炭3个处理,利用静态箱-气相色谱法测定板栗林土壤N2O通量的动态变化以及土壤温度、土壤含水量、水溶性有机碳(WSOC)、水溶性有机氮(WSON)、微生物量碳(MBC)、微生物量氮(MBN)、NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量。【结果】不同处理条件下,板栗林土壤N2O排放通量均呈显著的季节性变化特征,最高值出现在7月,最低值出现在1月。与对照相比,竹叶处理的土壤N2O年平均通量和年累积排放量分别增加了17.2%和12.8%,而生物质炭处理的土壤N2O年平均通量和年累积排放量分别降低了27.4%和20.5%。竹叶处理的土壤WSON、MBN、NH+4-N及NO-3-N含量增加12.4%、19.1%、8.3%和13%,而生物质炭处理的NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量分别降低了14.1%和18%。在对照、竹叶以及生物质炭处理条件下,板栗林土壤N2O排放通量与土壤温度(表层5 cm处)和WSOC含量均有显著相关性(P 0.05),与土壤MBC含量均无显著相关性。竹叶处理土壤N2O通量与NH+4-N、NO-3-N及WSON含量均有显著相关性(P0.05)。【结论】在不同处理条件下,板栗林土壤N2O排放通量均呈现明显的季节性变化特征,表现为夏季高、 冬季低。输入竹叶可显著增加板栗林土壤N2O排放通量,而输入生物质炭N2O排放通量显著降低;输入竹叶和生物质炭可能是通过影响土壤碳库与氮库特征而影响土壤N2O的排放通量。 相似文献
5.
中亚热带地区春季降雨频繁,茶园施肥量大,该季节茶园土壤氧化亚氮（N2O）排放量较高,研究春季茶园土壤N2O排放及其影响因子有一定意义。以中亚热带丘陵区土壤为对象,采用静态箱-气相色谱法,研究了两种植茶年限茶园和林地土壤春季N2O排放特征及其影响因子。结果表明：茶园N2O排放量明显高于林地,50年茶园N2O排放量明显高于20年茶园,林地N2O的排放量最少;50年茶园、20年茶园和林地土壤春季N2O累积排放量分别为2.07、1.39、0.22 kg·hm-2。两种植茶年限茶园土壤N2O排放通量均与土壤NO-3-N含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,林地土壤N2O排放通量则与土壤NH+4-N含量呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）;茶园和林地土壤N2O排放通量均与5 d累积降雨量之间存在显著的相关性。多元逐步回归分析显示,茶园土壤N2O排放通量受土壤温度和NO-3-N含量影响,共同解释其48%~49%的变化;林地土壤N2O排放通量受土壤温度和NH+4-N含量影响,共同解释其55%的变化。这项研究显示施肥对春季茶园N2O排放的促进作用与降雨有关。 相似文献
6.
本文选取5种碳酸钙含量(4.29、17.45、98.66、131.85、143.82 g/kg)差异显著的北方碱性旱地农田土壤(黑土、淡黑钙土、潮土、灰钙土和黄绵土)为研究对象,分析土壤及其各粒级团聚体中有机碳、碳酸钙和不同形态钙含量的分布特征及相关性,探讨碳酸钙对碱性旱地土壤有机碳的影响。结果表明:全土有机碳含量与碳酸钙含量之间无显著相关关系,但在0.002～0.053、0.002 mm团聚体中二者含量显著负相关(R~2分别为0.67、0.83),碳酸钙含量过高影响微团聚体有机碳积累。土壤钙形态中酸溶态和可氧化态是影响微团聚体有机碳积累的主要钙形态,全土中占全钙含量都在64.09%以上,团聚体中其含量随粒径减小而增加。钙离子是有机无机复合体的重要胶结物,但钙离子过多则可能会抢占土壤颗粒上有机碳结合点位,与黏粒和粉粒结合形成微团粒结构,影响有机碳积累。 相似文献
7.
不同浓度葡萄糖添加对黑土氨基酸转化的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过室内培养方式,研究不同浓度葡萄糖与无机氮肥(NH4)2SO4配施对土壤微生物将无机态氮转化为氨基酸态氮过程的影响。结果表明:和单施(NH4)2SO4培养相比,葡萄糖与(NH4)2SO4配合施用显著提高了土壤微生物将无机态氮向氨基酸态氮转化的程度,高浓度葡萄糖的添加更有利于无机态氮的同化。同样培养条件下NH4+-N、NO3--N和微生物量氮的数据表明,添加碳源明显降低了土壤中NH4+-N和NO3--N的含量,而微生物量氮量明显提高。表明活性碳源的加入明显提高土壤微生物活性,起到调控土壤微生物将无机态N转化为氨基酸态氮速率和容量的作用。 相似文献
8.
设施菜田土壤氧化亚氮（N2O）脉冲式排放期间通常伴随着亚硝酸盐（NO2-）的大量积累,为揭示NO2-对设施菜田土壤N2O排放的影响机制,以两种典型蔬菜种植区土壤（碱性土壤/酸性土壤）为研究对象,通过室内培养试验,对比厌氧和好氧培养条件下添加NO2-后两种土壤无机氮转化与N2O、氮气（N2）和二氧化碳（CO2）等气体排放,以及氨氧化单加氧酶α亚基调控基因（amoA）、亚硝酸盐还原酶调控基因（nirK和 nirS,统称nir）和N2O还原酶调控基因（nosZ）的丰度和转录情况。结果显示：受pH等环境因素影响,土壤中NO2-含量并不一定与N2O排放之间存在相关性,但添加NO2-的处理显著增加了两种土壤的N2O排放量和N2O/(N2O+N2)指数（IN2O）（P<0.05）。碱性土壤中,60 mg?kg-1外源NO2-对土壤CO2排放无明显抑制作用,厌氧培养条件下nirK基因、好氧培养条件下amoA和nirS基因均出现了添加NO2-后转录拷贝数显著高于空白处理的现象,而nosZ基因无此现象。酸性土壤中,amoA转录活性整体较低,好氧空白处理时nirS基因转录拷贝数随培养时间的延长而增加（P<0.05）;60 mg?kg-1外源NO2-明显降低了酸性土壤的CO2排放量、相关基因的丰度及转录拷贝数。上述结果显示,土壤中积累的NO2-会通过诱导nir基因转录与N2O还原酶竞争电子和抑制N2O还原酶活性等途径,增加土壤的IN2O,影响有氧条件下N2O的排放途径,研究结果将为探索设施菜田土壤氮素高效利用和N2O减排提供科学依据。 相似文献
9.
【目的】农业土壤是N2O的主要排放源,国内以往研究多集中在外源养分对作物生长季N2O排放的影响,而对冬季N2O排放特征和影响因素缺少系统研究。为明确添加外源铵态氮对典型耕作土壤冻结过程中N2O排放特征的影响,本文应用冰柜模拟冬季土壤冻结过程,研究室温—冻结过程不同铵态氮浓度对3种典型地带性耕作土壤N2O排放的影响,以期为调控农田氮肥管理控制土壤N2O排放提供理论依据。【方法】试验设12个处理,包括3种土壤类型(黑土、潮土、黄土),4个外源NH+4-N浓度梯度(0、80、200、500 mg/kg土,分别以N0、N80、N200、N500表示)。具体方法是将3种土壤的风干土样150 g分别装入广口瓶中,加入NH+4-N溶液,使土壤湿度达到田间持水量,置于25℃恒温环境中培养,24 h后分别于0、10、20、30 min时采集气体,再放到-10℃的冰柜中,分别在冷冻0.5 h、2.5 h、6.5 h、13.5 h、23.5 h、43.5 h时采集气体,用气相色谱检测样品的N2O气体浓度。【结果】室温条件下在一定范围内增加外源铵态氮施用量能够促进黑土和潮土N2O的排放,添加80 mg/kg铵态氮的黑土和潮土的N2O排放通量分别比各自对照增加2854.7%和192.1%,均达5%显著水平,但铵态氮浓度过高会抑制黑土和潮土的N2O排放;黄土在室温培养条件下N2O排放通量接近零。随冻结时间的延长,黑土和潮土的N2O排放通量逐渐降低,其降低速度均呈现N80N200、N500N0的趋势,且两种土壤的N80处理分别与各自其他处理的差异达5%显著性水平;冻结0.5 h的黑土添加外源NH+4-N处理的N2O排放通量比对应初始值(冻结0 h)降低了64.95%72.46%,冻结2.5 h后比初始值降低79.1%89.29%,在冻结6.5 h时接近零排放,黑土的N0处理在冻结过程中N2O排放通量基本无变化,数值始终较小;潮土各处理在冻结0 6.5 h内N2O排放通量逐渐降低,且处理间差异减少,冻结0.5 h时潮土4个处理的N2O排放通量比对应初始值(0 h)降低了47.25%58.34%,冻结2.5 h降低了84.35%94.99%,其中N0处理的N2O排放通量在冻结2.5 h后达到稳定的零排放状态,而3个添加外源NH+4-N的处理在冻结6.5 h后达到稳定的零排放状态;黄土各处理在室温和冻结过程中N2O排放通量始终处于较低的水平,且变化范围较小,处理间无显著差异。室温—冻结全过程黑土和潮土的N2O累计排放量均呈N80N200、N500N0,且黑土的N80处理与N0处理间均达到5%显著水平;潮土不同铵态氮浓度处理间无显著性差异;黄土N2O累计排放量处于较低水平或呈负排放状态,其中N500处理N2O的累计负排放量最大。方差分析结果表明,外源铵态氮对3种土壤N2O累计排放量均有显著影响。【结论】室温条件下,适量的外源铵态氮可促进黑土和潮土的N2O排放,但外源铵态氮浓度过高则可抑制N2O的排放;冻结过程中添加外源铵态氮黑土和潮土的N2O排放通量逐渐降低,且降低速度逐渐变缓最终接近零排放;室温—冻结过程添加外源铵态氮黄土的N2O排放通量始终处于极低水平,甚至出现负排放现象;添加外源铵态氮对室温—冻结过程不同土壤类型N2O累计排放量有显著影响。建议在潮土和黑土上降低冻前土壤的铵态氮含量从而减少N2O的排放。 相似文献
10.
施用秸秆和接种蚯蚓对土壤温室气体排放的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过施用秸秆并接种蚯蚓于微系统实验研究发现,在 21 天的培养期内,蚯蚓活动显著增加土壤C02和N20的排放速率,与对照处理相比,单接种蚯蚓处理与单施加秸秆的处理导致CO2排放量分别增加了60%和1.35倍,相应的N2O .排放量增加了1.06倍和3.94倍.另一方面,与单施加秸秆的处理相比,接种蚯蚓配合施加秸秆的处理导致C02和N20排放分别增加了41%和45%.施用秸秆显著提高了土壤微生物生物量C含量,而单接种蚯蚓处理的土壤相比对照处理反而降低.接种蚯蚓显著提高了土壤N03--N和NH4 -N含量,秸秆处理土壤并不显著增加土壤中的NH4 -N含量. 相似文献
11.
2-Alkyl-(2H)-thiapyrans and 2-alkylthiophenes have been identified in the volatiles of cooked beef and lamb. The quantities of both groups of compounds were higher in the meat of animals fed lipid supplements high in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. 2-Alkyl-(2H)-thiapyrans were formed when (E,E)-2,4-dienals (C(6)-C(11)) and hydrogen sulfide were heated at 140 degrees C for 30 min. This confirmed their proposed route of formation in cooked meat from lipid-derived aldehydes and hydrogen sulfide; the latter was produced from the degradation of cysteine, via the Maillard reaction. The mass spectra and NMR spectra of these thiapyrans are reported for the first time. Although 2-alkyl-(2H)-thiapyrans were found to have only low odor potency, the reactions by which they are formed may have important implications for meat flavor. These reactions may remove potent aroma compounds and their intermediates from meat, thus modifying the overall aroma profile. 相似文献
12.
Ischia M. Campostrini R. Carturan G. Zottele L. Defrancesco F. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2002,138(1-4):223-234
Silica powders of varying morphology were prepared by the sol-gel technique. Typical sol-gel parameters, such as pH of the hydrolysing water solution,H2O/≡Si-OCH2CH3 molar ratio,thermostatting temperature, and rate of addition of hydrolysingwater, were varied in order to prepare different tailoredsamples, which were then exhaustively hydrolyzed in boilingwater. Samples were characterized by several analyticaltechniques, including surface area and porosity determinations,FT-IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric-mass spectrometriccoupled analyses. Samples were used as sequestrants to fixBe2+ from diluted water solutions, starting from 5 Beμg L-1. Their adsorption capabilities werecompared; results were analyzed and discussed taking intoaccount the morphological features of used samples and possible preferential Be2+ adsorption by active sites present on the sol-gel SiO2 surface. 相似文献
13.
The phenomenon of unexplained N2Ar-enrichment in soil air is quite frequently to be encountered in soil air studies on anthropogenically influenced sites. In the present study two anthropogenic deposits and a calcareous fluvisol were investigated for their soil air composition. While in the alkaline deposits extreme enrichments of N2 and Ar (N2 + Ar: up to 99%, v/v) were found as persistent site characteristics, the fluvisol showed only slight (about 1%, v/v) transient N2/Ar-enrichments in summer. All sites, which did not show substantial vertical seepage percolation, exhibited enhanced CO2-solubility-either due to strong calcite precipitation or dissolution. So, it was concluded that intensive continuous depletion of CO2 was responsible for the subsequent convective influx of atmospheric air. From the results obtained it was concluded that an encasement of the concerned soil volume rather impermeable to gas transport as well as intense dissolution of CO2 in the pore water are prerequisites for substantial N2/Ar-enrichments in soil air. 相似文献
14.
Anaerobic reoxidation of reduced products in paddy soils was investigated. Ferrous iron (Fe2+) and monosulfide ion (S2–) added to the soil chemically reduced MnO2 to Mn2+, and MnO2 and Fe(OH)3 to Mn2+ and Fe2+, respectively, where Fe2+ and S2– were considered to be oxidized to Fe3+ and S0. Elemental sulfur was oxidized to sulfate by anaerobic incubation with NO3
– MnO2 and Fe(OH)3. A new conceptual model for the reduction processes in submerged paddy soil including the reoxidation processes of reduced
products, in which soil heterogeneity in paddy fields was taken into consideration, was proposed based on the results.
Received: 20 October 1996 相似文献
15.
猪圆环病毒2型BF株ORF2基因在大肠杆菌中的表达 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用PCR从构建的猪圆环病毒2型／(PCV2)ORF2重组质粒(pGEM-T-ORF2）中扩增出大小为593bp的ORb2基因，克隆到表达载体pET-32a，经异丙基硫代半乳糖苷诱导，成功表达了ORF2基因编码的结构蛋白。表达的重组蛋白为融合蛋白，分子量40kD，表达量20％左右。经Western blot检测，重组蛋白可被PCV2阳性血清识别。 相似文献
16.
为了研究纳米TiO_2对土壤吸附解吸汞性能的影响,以三峡水库消落区土壤为代表,选择2种晶型(锐钛矿和金红石)的纳米TiO_2颗粒,设置3个浓度梯度(2,4,8g/kg),制成含有不同浓度纳米TiO_2颗粒的土样,配制不同浓度的Hg~(2+)溶液,进行吸附解吸试验。结果表明:纳米TiO_2颗粒可提高土壤对Hg~(2+)的吸附量,但受颗粒的晶型和浓度的影响;锐钛矿颗粒对土壤吸附解吸Hg~(2+)的影响更大,其吸附作用力更强,不易解吸,其中4g/kg处理组吸附作用最强,与对照相比,最大吸附量可提高32.65%,且其解吸率低于对照组;金红石颗粒处理组对Hg~(2+)的吸附量随颗粒浓度的升高而增大,但吸附作用力较弱,容易被解吸,8g/kg处理组影响最大,与对照相比,最大吸附量提高18.18%,但其解吸率也最大。因此,纳米TiO_2颗粒增强土壤对汞的吸附作用,从而可能影响汞在环境中的迁移转化过程,特别是锐钛矿型颗粒。 相似文献
17.
Yasuda A Natsume M Osakabe N Kawahata K Koga J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(4):1470-1476
Cocoa powder is rich in polyphenols, such as catechins and procyanidins, and has been shown to inhibit low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and atherogenesis in a variety of models. Human studies have also shown daily intake of cocoa increases plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and decreases LDL levels. However, the mechanisms responsible for these effects of cocoa on cholesterol metabolism have yet to be fully elucidated. The present study investigated the effects of cacao polyphenols on the production of apolipoproteins A1 and B in human hepatoma HepG2 and intestinal Caco2 cell lines. The cultured HepG2 cells or Caco2 cells were incubated for 24 h in the presence of cacao polyphenols such as (-)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, procyanidin B2, procyanidin C1, and cinnamtannin A2. The concentration of apolipoproteins in the cell culture media was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunoassay, and the mRNA expression was quantified by RT-PCR. Cacao polyphenols increased apolipoprotein A1 protein levels and mRNA expression, even though apolipoprotein B protein and the mRNA expression were slightly decreased in both HepG2 cells and Caco2 cells. In addition, cacao polyphenols increased sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) and activated LDL receptors in HepG2 cells. These results suggest that cacao polyphenols may increase the production of mature form SREBPs and LDL receptor activity, thereby increasing ApoA1 and decreasing ApoB levels. These results elucidate a novel mechanism by which HDL cholesterol levels become elevated with daily cocoa intake. 相似文献
18.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(10-11):2187-2196
Abstract The present work aimed at evaluating in sunflower leaves: the relationship between Fe‐deficiency and the possible accumulation of H2O2; the activity of some extracellular enzymatic and non‐enzymatic systems involved in H2O2 production and scavenging. Iron‐deficient leaves exhibited a significant H2O2 accumulation, monitored at extracellular level by electron microscopy analysis. Such an increase in H2O2 level could derive from the significant decrease in extracellular ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, accompanied by a lower APX protein content detected by immuno‐electrophoresis. Also, extracellular ascorbic acid content was significantly affected by Fe‐deficiency, implying a reduced capacity for H2O2 scavenging. The contribute of peroxidases (PODs) involved in lignification process in keeping H2O2 levels under the toxic threshold was dependent on their subcellular location: the activity of covalently‐bound (CB) isoforms being increased while that of ionically‐bound (IB) ones decreased. NAD(P)H oxidation activity, known to produce H2O2, was found to decrease in apoplastic fluid and IB fraction and to slightly increase in the CB fraction. In conclusion, H2O2 accumulation observed in Fe‐deficient sunflower leaves seems to be mostly due to a reduced scavenging capacity of ASA, APX, and PODs, although the possibility of increased H2O2 production cannot be excluded. 相似文献
19.
Summary The nitrogenase activity of irrigated and rainfed plants of mung bean, cluster bean and moth bean was studied throughout the growth period in order to estimate the reduction in the potential nitrogen fixation (C2H2 reduction) rate due to field water deficits. Nitrogenase activity followed a similar trend in all crops and was dependent on both plant ontogeny and soil moisture levels. The loss of activity due to water deficits varied from 13% to 100% at different growth stages and was related to the plant water potential. The specific activity was directly correlated with the plant water potential under both the treatments. The average loss of nitrogen fixation rate during the season did not differ markedly among crops. There was an accumulation of ureides in the nodules with increasing field moisture stress in mung bean and moth bean while no such effect was found in cluster bean. The significance of these results is discussed in the N-economy of these legumes grown in the drought-prone areas of the Indian desert. 相似文献
20.
冻融对沼泽湿地土壤水稳性大团聚体的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
水稳性大团聚体(>0.25 mm)是土壤侵蚀和质量的重要表征指标.通过室内培养,在不同含水量、冻融次数和压实处理条件下,研究冻融过程对三江平原沼泽湿地土壤水稳性大团聚体的影响.结果表明,冻融过程影响土壤水稳性大团聚体含量,但压实和土壤起始含水量对湿地土壤的水稳性大团聚体影响较小,而冻融次数影响显著.4次冻融前,随着冻融次数的增加,不同处理的土壤水稳性大团聚体含量呈增加趋势;4次冻融后,高含水量处理的土壤水稳性大团聚体变化不明显,而低含水量处理的土壤水稳性大团聚含量有微弱增加. 相似文献