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1.
Nutrient cycling and distribution in different-aged plantations of Chinese fir in southern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The distribution in tree biomass and understorey vegetation and annual biological and geochemical cycling of total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were measured in young, middle-aged and mature plantations (8-, 14- and 24-years old) of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) in southern China. Although >98% of nutrients occurred in the soil, soil nutrient content decreased with plantation age. Nutrient outputs from the soil exceeded inputs in stands of all ages but the net soil nutrient loss increased significantly for N, P and Ca with plantation age. Comparison of nutrient fluxes showed that the smallest (and hence limiting for nutrient cycling) fluxes were litter decomposition in the young plantation in contrast to canopy fluxes (apart from for Mg) in the middle-aged and mature plantations. Nutrient use efficiency, release of nutrients from litter decomposition and nutrient return, particularly in litterfall, increased significantly with plantation age. These results suggest that, as stand age increases, nutrient cycling in Chinese fir plantations is increasingly dominated by biological processes and becomes less dependent on external nutrient sources in rainfall and the soil. It therefore appears that prolonging the rotation length of Chinese fir plantations by approximately 5 years could be beneficial for maintaining the soil nutrient status for successive plantings. 相似文献
2.
Biomass production,nutrient cycling and distribution in age-sequence Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolate) plantations in subtropical China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《林业研究》2016,(2)
Biomass production and nutrient(N, P, K, Ca and Mg) accumulation, distribution and cycling were quantified in young, mature and over-mature(10-, 22-, and34-year old) Chinese fir [Cunninghamia lanceolate(Lamb.) Hook] plantations in southern China. Total stand biomass of young, mature and over-mature stands was 38,104 and 138 t ha-1respectively. Biomass production increased significantly with age. Stem wood represented the highest percentage of stand biomass, accounting for 41,55 and 63 % in the young, mature and over-mature plantations respectively. Nutrients concentration was highest in live needles and branches, and lowest in stem wood. The plantations accumulated more N, followed by K, Ca, Mg,and P. Nutrient return amount, nutrient utilization efficiency, nutrient turnover time, the ratio of nutrient returnand uptake increased with stand age, which implies that young Chinese fir deplete soil nutrients to maintain growth,and efficiently utilize nutrients to decrease dependence on soil nutrients as they age. Harvesting young Chinese fir plantations would therefore lead to high nutrient loss, but prolonging the rotation length could improve soil recovery,and help sustain productivity in the long-term. Improved nutrient return through litterfall as stands get older may also be beneficial to nutrient pool recovery. 相似文献
3.
Lili Zhou Addo-Danso Daniel Shalom Pengfei Wu Zongming He Chunhua Liu Xiangqing Ma 《林业研究》2016,27(2):357-368
Biomass production and nutrient (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) accumulation, distribution and cycling were quantified in young, mature and over-mature (10-, 22-, and 34-year old) Chinese fir [Cunninghamia lanceolate (Lamb.) Hook] plantations in southern China. Total stand biomass of young, mature and over-mature stands was 38, 104 and 138 t ha?1 respectively. Biomass production increased significantly with age. Stem wood represented the highest percentage of stand biomass, accounting for 41, 55 and 63 % in the young, mature and over-mature plantations respectively. Nutrients concentration was highest in live needles and branches, and lowest in stem wood. The plantations accumulated more N, followed by K, Ca, Mg, and P. Nutrient return amount, nutrient utilization efficiency, nutrient turnover time, the ratio of nutrient return and uptake increased with stand age, which implies that young Chinese fir deplete soil nutrients to maintain growth, and efficiently utilize nutrients to decrease dependence on soil nutrients as they age. Harvesting young Chinese fir plantations would therefore lead to high nutrient loss, but prolonging the rotation length could improve soil recovery, and help sustain productivity in the long-term. Improved nutrient return through litterfall as stands get older may also be beneficial to nutrient pool recovery. 相似文献
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【目的】研究不同林龄杉木人工林土壤理化性质以及微生物对碳源利用的差异,明确林龄对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响,为杉木人工林可持续经营管理提供理论依据。【方法】在福建武夷山脉选择3、12和38年生的杉木人工林,采用Biolog-ECO法研究不同林龄杉木人工林表土层(0~20cm)土壤微生物对碳源的利用特征,并对土壤微生物利用各类碳源的特性进行热图分析、主成分分析(PCA)和相关性分析,揭示利用碳源的差异及导致差异的主要影响因素。【结果】不同林龄杉木人工林土壤微生物群落的代谢活性、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson优势度指数、McIntosh多样性指数和McIntosh均匀度指数均随林龄的增加而增加。在96~168h培养时间内,38年生杉木人工林土壤微生物群落的代谢活性显著高于12年生和3年生(P<0.05)。38年生对酚酸类、胺类和氨基酸的利用强度较大,12年生对酚酸类、多聚物和氨基酸的利用强度较大,3年生对多聚物、羧酸和碳水化合物的利用强度较大,并且38年生土壤微生物群落代谢碳水化合物、氨基酸、羧酸和胺类的强度显著高于3年生,而12年生和3年生土壤微生物群落对6类碳源的利用率差异不显著(P>0.05)。热图分析结果表明:38年生和12年生杉木人工林土壤微生物群落能够代谢31种碳源底物,而3年生杉木人工林土壤微生物群落仅能代谢19种碳源底物。环境因子中,土壤pH、全氮、速效钾和碳氮比能够显著影响微生物群落的代谢功能。【结论】38年生杉木人工林表土层(0~20cm)土壤微生物群落代谢活性和多样性最高,3年生最低,pH、全氮含量随林龄的增加而上升,碳氮比则随林龄增加而下降,因此林龄是驱动杉木人工林土壤生物学和非生物性质变化的重要因素。 相似文献
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锥栗人工林营养综合诊断(DRIS)研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对8 a生锥栗人工林叶片5种营养元素的分析,运用DRIS诊断法对该树种的养分状况进行了诊断分析.根据林分现实产量的差异,划分3种不同的产量类型,将每种类型产量和相应的叶片营养含量结合考虑,能够对锥栗人工林分养分的丰缺状况作出适宜的判断.以高产量类型作为最适值,诊断的结果是中产类型的N元素相对过量,K则相对不足;低产类型N、P含量明显不足,应予以补偿. 相似文献
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本文系统地研究并综合了有关杉木及其人工林自身特性对长期立地生产力的影响的研究资料,认为杉木及其人工林自身的特性存在许多对地力维护不利的因素：（1）杉木凋落物发生晚,大量凋落物发生在14－15a前后;（2）杉木枯死枝叶具宿存特性,10－15a期间大部分枯死枝叶在树上,影响枯死枝叶的分解;（3）杉木凋落物养分含量低,如N含量只有阔叶树的30％－50％,因此枯落物营养元素积累低;（4）凋落物分解速率慢,分解速度在45％以下,而宿存于树上的枯死枝叶分解速率更慢;（5）杉木为速生树种,尤其在15a年前生长量大,吸收养分多,而养分归还少,杉木人工林养分循环速率不及40％;（6）杉木人工林培育密度较大,在15a前很少有林下植物生长,在20a后才有较好的林下植被发育,人工林长期处在单一的群落结构,很难发挥林下植被对地力的维护和改良作用。从现有的研究资料看,杉木及其人工林自身对地力维护有不利影响,是引起杉木林地土壤肥力及长期生产力下降的重要因素之一。 相似文献
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为了系统地研究杉木人工林的栽培营养，对５、１０、１５、１９上生不同地位指数（１４、１６、１８）的杉木枯损枝叶的生物量培养、养分含量、养分积累和分布进行研究，结果表明：杉木枯损枝叶包括保留在树体上的未凋落和在地面上的已凋落两个部分，在研究杉木林分枯损枝叶时不可忽视未凋落部分。枝叶总枯损量随地位指数的提高而增加，随林龄的变化是在１０年生时最大，１５年生以后随林龄增加又有一定增加。杉木枯损枝叶中养分的总 相似文献
11.
Biomass and nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) stock in various aboveground tree components (stemwood, stembark, branches and leaves) were quantified in an age sequence of pure Larix olgensis planta- tions (20, 35, 53 and 69 years old) in Northeast China. The results show that the aboveground biomass allocation in various tree components was in the order of stemwood (62%-83%), branches (9%-21%), stembark (7%-11%) and leaves (1%-6%) for all stands. The proportion of stemwood biomass to total aboveground biomass increased whereas that of other tree components decreased consistently with stand age from 20 to 53 years old, but kept relatively constant with stand age from 53 and 69 years old. The nutrient allocation in various tree components generally followed the same pattern as the biomass allocation (i.e. stemwood > branches > stembark > leaves). The proportion of nutrient stock in leaves to total aboveground nutrient stock decreased consistently with increasing stand age, while that in stemwood increased with stand age from 20 to 53 years old but then decreased from 53 to 69 years old. The rate of nutrient removal for stands was estimated at different stand ages under different logging schemes, showing that the rate of nutrient removal would be unchanged when the rotation length was shortened to 20 years by the harvest of stem only, but greatly increased by the harvest of total aboveground biomass. The rate of nutrient removal would be a considerable reduction for all elements by debarking, especially for Ca. 相似文献
12.
Hiromi Yamagawa Satoshi Ito Yasushi Mitsuda Kazuro Fukuzato 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(2):99-106
We investigated factors limiting the recovery of natural forest in former large-scale conifer plantations abandoned after
clear-cutting in southwestern Japan. We analyzed forest recovery status (“recovered” sites covered by evergreen broad-leaved
trees, and “unrecovered” sites covered by pioneer community or nonvegetated sites) using aerial photographs and field survey.
We applied logistic regression analyses to evaluate the effects of topography, construction of harvesting roads, distance
from remnant forest, stand condition before clear-cutting, and prior land-use history on forest recovery. Human factors, i.e.,
land use and clear-cutting age, were found to affect to forest recovery more than environmental factors such as topography.
Harvesting roads had the strongest negative impact on forest recovery. Forest recovery after clear-cutting of young sugi plantations
also took longer than after clear-cutting of old sugi plantations or evergreen broad-leaved forests. Furthermore, areas formerly
utilized as meadows recovered less successfully than those that had been managed as coppices. The influences of these factors
were thought to be promoted by the advance reproduction as the regeneration sources for forest recovery. The influence of
stand age before logging suggested an effect of thinning, which might alter the abundance of advanced reproduction in the
understory. However, distance from remnant forest appeared to be less important. An influence of topography was also detected,
but this could be partly explained by the existence of advance reproduction in the understory in certain topographic positions.
Thus, our analysis suggests that regeneration sources originating from advanced reproduction in plantations play a significant
role for the recovery of natural forest after clear-cutting. 相似文献
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《林业研究》2021,32(5)
In this study,nitrogen fluxes or flows in litterfall,nitrogen stocks and available nitrogen in soils of two plots representing evergreen broadleaf and Bulgarian fir forests were assessed.Both plots are in good quality sites and for this reason,the litterfall quantities and nitrogen fluxes were relatively high.The woody litterfall flux of nitrogen was significantly higher in the fir forest than in the evergreen broadleaf one.The total nitrogen stock was higher in the soil under the fir forest.However,the percentage of the available nitrogen(ammonium+nitrates) was significantly higher in the upper 20 cm soil layer of the evergreen broadleaf forest in spite of the higher average C/N ratios in the foliar litterfall of the broadleaf forest and insignificant difference of the C/N ratios in all soil layers of the two ecosystems.The microclimatic conditions(higher soil temperatures in the evergreen broadleaf forest) is probable possible cause for this difference.The available nitrogen in the soils and its retranslocation from senescing leaves cover the nitrogen requirements of trees.It is hypothesized that trees may also take up nitrogen from deeper soil layers. 相似文献
15.
四川杉木混交造林树种选择研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
杉木纯林耗肥力强,自肥力差,引起地力严重衰退,致使杉木采伐迹地上更新的第2、3代杉木林生长差,不能成林。本研究选择桤木、水杉、漆树、灯台、香樟、柳杉和擦木7个自肥力和适应性强的树种与杉木混支造林。其结果表明:混交林枯落物增加;土壤有机质含量比纯林高0.26～3.92％,水解氮高18.1～36.49mg/100g,速效磷高1.46～2.59ppm,速效钾高0.38～0.60mg/100g,土壤肥力明显提高,6年生时,混交林蓄积量比纯杉木林高23.3～117.4％。这7个树种均可作为杉木混交造林的混交树种。 相似文献
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将选自江西分宜大岗山地区相同立地条件和发育阶段的1、2代林样地的林龄变为与1代林主样地的林龄一致，利用“杉木人工林生长与收获模型系统”中的部分模型，计算林龄变换后样地的平均优势高，以便实现1、2代林之间以优势高表示的生产力在同林龄，同立地的比较，用假设检验比较1、2代林生产力的差异，而后根据实测生物量计算的数据，用假设检验比较1、2代林树干、树根及枝叶在生物量中占百分比的差异。结果表明：在各种地立条件下，幼龄林1、2代林的生产力无显著差异；中龄林1代林的生产力要普遍高于2代林，立地条件越差差异越明显；4－12年生林分，1代林树干占生物量百分比要普遍高于2代林，1代林树根占生物量百分比要普遍低2代林，立地条件越差上述差异越明显；1代林与2代林枝、叶占生物量百分比无显著差异。 相似文献
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选择福建省建阳范桥国有林场16年生杉木×闽粤栲混交林与杉木纯林为研究对象,对不同坡位不同林分养分积累量进行分析对比。结果表明:上坡立地条件下,杉木纯林乔木层N、P、K养分积累量均大于杉木×闽粤栲混交林。中坡和下坡林分乔木层养分积累量则表现为混交林大于杉木纯林。不同林分乔木层养分积累量均占整个林分养分积累总量的90%以上,且表现为N>K>P和下坡>中坡>上坡。上坡杉木纯林的灌木层和草本层N、P积累量均大于混交林,下坡林分的灌木层N、P、K养分积累量均表现为杉木×闽粤栲混交林大于杉木纯林。不同林分凋落物的N和P的积累量均大大超过草本层和灌木层的积累量。 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(6):495-500
The leaves and leaf litter of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don was collected from April 1994 to March 1995 to describe the seasonal changes in nutrient concentrations in leaves and leaf litter. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations were in the order new leaves > old leaves > leaf litter, whereas calcium (Ca) concentration was in the order leaf litter > old leaves > new leaves during the whole year. N, P and K concentrations were at their highest during the new leaf growth phase, and then decreased as a result of the diluting effect and translocation, whereas Ca increased with time. Magnesium did not show any clear seasonal trend compared with other nutrients. N resorption efficiency was lower than P resorption efficiency. There were two nutrient resorption peaks, which could be attributed to high nutrient translocation to new leaves in the spring and to translocation from old leaves before senescence in the autumn. A significant correlation between N and P resorption was observed. 相似文献
19.
湖南杉木人工林近自然经营问题探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
德国人工林在19世纪,与湖南杉木人工林有相似之处,采用单一树种营造大面积人工林,造成地力消耗很大,无法实现林木的可持续利用。本文从杉木经营历史,分析了现有栽培制度下的炼山、幼林抚育、轮伐期短、林分结构单一等现状所导致的杉木人工林生产力下降、林地地力衰退。本研究引进德国森林近自然经营理念及原则改造杉木人工林,分别对杉木幼林、中林、成林进行第1代目标树经营,为第2代目标树形成创造有利条件,使林地地力得到恢复,达到可持续经营的目的,同时获得较大经济效益。 相似文献
20.
Duygu Kilic Hamdi Güray Kutbay Tuğba Ozbucak Rena Huseyinova 《Annals of Forest Science》2010,67(2):213-213