不同环境材料对黄河三角洲滨海盐碱化土壤的改良效应   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9  

孙在金  黄占斌  陆兆华 《水土保持学报》2013,27(4)

针对黄河三角洲滨海盐碱化土壤的特点,选取4种含盐量分别为0.13％,0.24％,0.86％和2.07％的土壤,采用脱硫石膏和腐植酸作为改良剂,通过单施与配施组合处理开展土壤改良的淋溶试验,分析4种淋滤液的酸碱度(pH)、电导率(EC)、淋溶后土壤的pH、水溶性全盐、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量,以及钠吸附比(SAR)变化.结果表明:脱硫石膏处理(A)和腐植酸十脱硫石膏处理(C)的土壤淋滤液pH值均显著低于对照(CK)和腐植酸处理(B),而EC显著高于处理A和处理C.对于淋溶后的盐碱化土壤,处理A、B、C均能降低土壤pH、代换性Na+含量和土壤SAR.处理B能够降低土壤水溶性盐含量,但差异不显著,处理A和C能显著提高土壤水溶性盐含量.测定发现,处理C对滨海盐碱土的改良效应最显著,4种土壤淋溶后pH分别较对照CK降低0.26％,0.83％,1.05％,1.83％;Na+含量分别降低82.4％,92.6％,89.1％,78.6％;SAR分别降低97.4％,98.5％,97.7％,94.7％.综合比较认为,在黄河三角洲滨海盐碱土壤改良中,在保证灌溉量的基础上采用脱硫石膏与腐植酸配施可达到良好的盐碱地改良效果.  相似文献   

修复剂对镉污染盐渍化土壤植物修复效率的影响     

王亚男  许静  郝利君  刁风伟  张璟霞  丁胜利  史中奇  贾冰冰  郭伟 《土壤学报》2021,58(2):464-475

目前,重金属污染盐渍化土壤已成为世界性的环境问题,利用盐生植物进行修复具有良好的环境与经济效益,但如何提高盐生植物修复效率的研究尚较少。采用盆栽试验方法,通过向土壤中施加氯化钠和氯化镉溶液分别模拟无污染非盐渍化土壤(Cd0S0)、NaCl型盐渍化土壤(Cd0S4)、重金属Cd污染土壤(Cd3S0)、重金属Cd污染NaCl型盐渍化土壤(Cd3S4),研究施加乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和生物质炭对盐地碱蓬生长、离子平衡、Cd和Na⁺吸收的影响。结果显示,与Cd0S0相比,Cd0S4处理盐地碱蓬地上部干物质量显著增加115.5%~341.7%;与Cd0S4相比,Cd3S4处理盐地碱蓬地上部干物质量显著降低62.8%~84.4%,生物质炭使Cd3S0处理盐地碱蓬总干物质量显著增加328.6%。与Cd0S0或Cd3S0相比,Cd0S4和Cd3S4处理盐地碱蓬地上部及根部K⁺/Na⁺、Ca²⁺/Na⁺、P/Na⁺显著降低;生物质炭显著增加了Cd3S0处理盐地碱蓬地上部P/Na⁺和根部K⁺/Na⁺、P/Na⁺。与Cd0S4相比,Cd3S4处理盐地碱蓬地上部和根部Na⁺浓度显著增加32.5%~94.5%,而盐地碱蓬地上部和根部Na⁺含量显著降低21.3%~90.9%;与Cd3S0相比,Cd3S4处理盐地碱蓬地上部Cd浓度和含量分别显著增加135.8%~223.6%和132.4%~471.5%。施加EDTA和生物质炭使Cd3S4处理盐地碱蓬地上部Na⁺浓度显著增加38.6%、56.0%,Na⁺含量增加199.6%、289.3%,Cd含量显著增加133.4%、173.4%。研究表明,在Cd污染NaCl型盐渍化土壤中施用EDTA和生物质炭可促进盐地碱蓬地上部对Cd和Na⁺的吸收积累,有助于提高植物修复效率,可为重金属污染盐渍化土壤修复提供基础数据和科学依据。  相似文献   

不同改良措施对设施蔬菜土壤肥力和番茄品质的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

范拴喜  崔佳茜  李丹  付林涛  赫晓云  闻杰 《农业工程学报》2021,37(16):58-64

为探明不同改良措施对设施蔬菜土壤及番茄果实品质的影响,该研究以陕西省太白县秦西蔬菜种植示范园大棚为研究试点,选取草木灰、生物炭、EM菌(Effective Microorganisms)3种改良剂,设置了EM菌(E)、生物炭(S)、生物炭+EM菌(SE)、草木灰(C)、草木灰+生物炭(CS)、草木灰+生物炭+EM菌(CSE)和不施加任何改良剂的空白对照(CK)7个处理。结果表明:各处理均能改善土壤理化性质,其中草木灰+生物炭+EM菌(CSE)处理在提高土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾及速效钾含量方面效果最显著,与CK处理相比,分别提高了23.06%、130.94%、44.34%、52.78%、67.72%、126.71%、16.24%、119.48%;与CK处理相比,各种配施改良剂处理的植株全氮含量显著高于单施改良剂处理,草木灰+生物炭+EM菌(CSE)处理最显著,提高了25.17%;各处理的植株全磷含量较CK处理均显著增加,草木灰+生物炭+EM菌(CSE)处理效果最明显,且草木灰+生物炭+EM菌(CSE)处理是CK处理的2.09倍;除EM菌(E)处理外,其他5个处理均能显著提高植株全钾含量,草木灰+生物炭+EM菌(CSE)处理效果最显著,且草木灰+生物炭+EM菌(CSE)处理是CK处理的1.44倍;但6个处理均对植株灰分无显著影响;与CK处理相比,草木灰+生物炭+EM菌(CSE)处理的糖酸比最高,达69.23%;与CK处理相比,各处理的土壤综合肥力指数均显著提高,而草木灰+生物炭+EM菌(CSE)处理效果最显著;通过对各处理的综合得分均值进行比较,草木灰+生物炭+EM菌(CSE)处理得分最高。综合分析得出,施加草木灰+生物炭+EM菌能有效改善太白县高山设施蔬菜种植土壤的酸化、肥力等,提高西红柿的品质。  相似文献   

生物基复合改良剂对滨海盐渍土综合地力的提升作用     

黄婷  李媛  甘泉峰  杭慧娴  苏愉程  赵耕毛 《水土保持通报》2022,42(4):99-106

[目的] 研究生物基复合改良剂对黄河三角洲和苏北滩涂盐渍土壤理化性质及微生物区系的影响,为该区域盐碱地的改良利用和实现生态农牧建设提供科学参考。[方法] 采用由蚯蚓粪、活性酶调理剂和内生菌根菌剂组成的生物基复合改良剂为试验材料,研究其在种植耐盐苜蓿条件下对黄河三角洲盐渍土、苏北滩涂盐渍土土壤理化性质和微生物区系的影响。共设置了4个处理：黄河三角洲盐渍土不添加改良剂和添加改良剂,苏北滩涂盐渍土不添加改良剂和添加改良剂。[结果] 在紫花苜蓿分枝期,与不添加改良剂相比,黄河三角洲和苏北滩涂两种盐渍土壤添加改良剂处理的土壤有机质含量分别增加了45.30%,32.45%;速效钾含量分别增加了41.00%,39.92%。在紫花苜蓿现蕾期,与不添加改良剂处理相比,黄河三角洲和苏北滩涂两种盐渍土壤添加改良剂处理的土壤全盐量分别降低了14.10%和27.85%;土壤有机质含量分别提高了51.99%,73.59%。此外,现蕾期的土壤微生物群落多样性指数明显增加,优势菌门主要为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)。土壤全盐量和速效钾含量是驱动细菌群落结构变化的主要环境因子。[结论] 生物基复合改良剂可以有效降低土壤全盐量,增加土壤速效养分含量,并改善土壤微生物区系,从而显著提升土壤综合地力,是改良滨海盐渍土的有效措施。  相似文献   

根区施用生物炭和脱硫石膏提高盐碱土壤质量及向日葵产量     

田荣荣  王淑娟  刘嘉  徐立珍  孙振涛  李彦  李二珍  温晓亮  杨晶  赵永敢 《农业工程学报》2024,40(5):148-157

为了靶向消减根区土壤盐碱障碍和定向培育健康沃土,该研究在内蒙古河套灌区开展田间小区试验,设置沙土覆盖种植孔(S)、条施生物炭+沙土覆盖种植孔(B+S)、条施生物炭+脱硫石膏覆盖种植孔(B+G) 3个处理,对比分析0～20 cm和>20～40 cm土层土壤质量及向日葵产量差异。结果表明:根区施用生物炭和脱硫石膏改变了0～40 cm±壤水溶性离子组成,主要表现为增加Ca²⁺含量而降低Na⁺含量。与S处理相比,B+S和B+G处理显著降低了0～40 cm土壤钠吸附比(sodium adsorption ratio,SAR)和>20～40 cm土层pH值,增大了土壤脱盐率(Ds);B+S和B+G处理还增加了0～40 cm土壤有机质(OM)、硝态氮(NO₃^--N)、有效磷(available phosphorus,AP)和速效钾(AK)含量,为向日葵出苗和生长提供了良好的土壤环境。此外,B+S和B+G处理通过调理盐碱指标(SAR,D_s,Ca²⁺和Mg  相似文献   

六个生长时期高粱对NaCl胁迫的响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王海莲  王润丰  刘宾  张华文 《核农学报》2020,34(7):1543-1550

为了解高粱不同生长时期对NaCl胁迫的响应机制,以高粱杂交品种济粱1号为研究材料,采用自来水(CK)和0.6% NaCl溶液(T)对萌发期、苗期、拔节前期、拔节后期、孕穗期和开花期的济粱1号进行28 d处理。结果表明,与CK相比,萌发期开始NaCl胁迫,其株高、茎粗、地上部鲜重和根干重均差异显著,相对盐害率(RSR)最大,受NaCl胁迫危害最严重。拔节前期NaCl胁迫对穗鲜重影响最显著,其次是拔节后期和孕穗期。拔节前期、拔节后期和孕穗期开始NaCl胁迫对抽穗期影响均不显著。与CK相比,萌发期、拔节后期、孕穗期和开花期开始NaCl胁迫其叶片SPAD值显著降低;与CK相比,6个生长时期进行NaCl胁迫均显著提高了叶片和根中Na⁺含量;除萌发期外,NaCl胁迫后,其他5个生长时期叶中K⁺含量显著高于CK。在6个生长时期,NaCl胁迫根中K⁺含量以及叶片和根中K⁺/Na⁺显著低于CK。因此,萌发期开始NaCl胁迫对高粱幼苗形态建成影响最大,拔节前期NaCl胁迫对穗鲜重的积累影响最显著,在生产上应采取一定的抗盐胁迫措施。本研究揭示了济粱1号在6个生长时期的耐盐特点和耐盐生理机制,为盐碱地制定科学合理的抗盐栽培管理措施提供了一定的理论指导。  相似文献   

不同改良措施对甘肃邓马营湖盐碱区 农田土壤水溶性离子的影响          下载免费PDF全文

魏兆辉  武均  蔡立群  马文军 《中国土壤与肥料》2021,(5):156-162

甘肃省武威市邓马营湖盐碱区农田土壤盐渍化现象日趋严重。为筛选适宜改善该区农田土壤盐碱化的改良剂,并为相关研究提供一定理论支撑开展试验研究。试验共设置5 个处理,即无改良剂添加(CK),添加磷石膏(TP)、硫磺(TS)、盐地宝(TY)、腐殖酸有机肥(TF),探讨不同改良措施对邓马营湖盐碱区农田土壤水溶性离子的影响。结果表明:(1)添加改良剂可降低土壤水溶性离子含量,添加TP、TY 效果最为显著。0 ～ 40 cm 土层,较之CK,添加TP 和TY 可分别显著降低K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+ 含量54.18% 和37.90%、41.74% 和53.66%、45.77% 和56.51%、46.97% 和39.32%,TY 处理可显著降低HCO3-、Cl-、SO42- 含量53.40%、21.13%、52.13%。(2)添加改良剂可降低土壤pH,添加TS、TY、TF 效果最为显著。0 ～ 40 cm 土层,施用TS、TY、TF 对土壤pH 的改良效果最有效,较之CK,土壤pH 可分别显著降低2.53%、2.71%、2.67%。(3)添加TY、TF 对土壤总碱度的改良效果最佳;TY、TF 对土壤全盐量的改良效果最优。上述4 种改良剂可降低土壤pH、总碱度、全盐量及水溶性离子含量,整体改良效果最好的处理为TY 和TF,TP 效果次之,TS 效果较差。  相似文献   

不同改良剂对融雪剂盐害土壤的修复效果     

姜美玲  孙向阳  栾亚宁  郭城  龚小强  武轩韵 《水土保持通报》2015,35(6):301-305,310

[目的]探究不同改良剂对融雪剂盐害土壤的修复效果及其对矮牵牛生长的影响,为改良剂的大田推广提供理论依据。[方法]采用香菇菌糠、平菇菌糠和脱硫石膏3种改良剂,通过土柱室内模拟试验,对改良后土壤的pH值,土壤电导率(EC),K+,Na+,Cl-、容重和孔隙度进行测定。[结果]改良处理后,pH值均有不同程度的降低;香菇菌糠施用量为24g/kg时,降低土壤EC值效果最显著;平菇菌糠改良可以有效提高土壤中K+离子含量;对于降低土壤中Na+离子含量而言,表现为:平菇菌糠香菇菌糠脱硫石膏;香菇菌糠处理(24g/kg)对于降低土壤中Cl-离子含量、土壤容重和提高孔隙度等方面效果最显著,土壤容重比CK减少了57.3%,孔隙度增加了24.6%,使矮牵牛单株鲜重较CK增加了244.64%。[结论]当香菇菌糠施用量达到24g/kg时,改良融雪剂盐害土壤的效果最显著。  相似文献   

炭基肥和竹炭对土壤氮素淋失和微生物的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

董达  王宇婕  姜培坤  吴家森 《水土保持学报》2021,35(2):144-151

为了研究竹炭和炭基缓释肥添加对毛竹林土壤氮素流失和细菌群落结构的影响,采用室内土柱淋溶试验,测定了淋溶水中NH_4⁺—N和NO_3^-—N浓度,分析了细菌群落多样性和组成。结果表明,与对照相比,炭基缓释肥的添加可以使土柱NH_4⁺—N和NO_3^-—N累积淋溶量分别降低12.5%和13.6%。此外,竹炭的添加可以显著降低NH_4⁺—N累积淋溶量(P<0.05),但是对NO_3^-—N的影响不显著。炭基缓释肥的添加可以增加土壤Nitrospira(硝化螺菌属)、Nitrosospria(亚硝化螺菌属)和Nitrobacter(硝化杆菌属)细菌的相对丰度,提高下层淋溶土壤反硝化优势菌群(丰度>0.1%)Burkholderia(伯克霍尔德菌属)、Cupriavidus(贪铜菌属)和Bradyrhizobium(慢生根瘤菌属)的相对丰度。炭基缓释肥添加对土壤NH_4⁺—N和NO_3^-—N的淋溶影响可能与土壤氮素循环微生物密切相关。  相似文献   

隔盐方式对设施盐渍化土壤主要盐离子空间分布及酶活性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙凯宁  王克安  杨宁 《水土保持研究》2018,25(3):57-61

针对设施土壤盐渍化日趋加重的现状,采用土柱模拟试验,以无隔盐层为对照,设置了3种隔盐层类型:砂砾层（T₁）,复合有机物料层（T₂）、砂砾+复合有机物料层（T₃）,探索不同隔盐模式的抑盐效果。结果表明:盐离子含量随着土层深度的增加而逐渐降低;就7种主要离子（Na⁺,NH₄⁺,K⁺,Ca²⁺,Cl^-,NO₃^-,SO₄^2-）总含量而言,T₃在0-10 cm,10-20 cm和20-30 cm时分别较CK降低了13.5%,0.61%和27.0%,效果较好;T₁和T₂隔盐效果不明显。0-30 cm土层,T₃分别增加了脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶活性达7.30%,4.70%,3.58%,降低了过氧化氢酶活性达8.53%;而T₁则趋势相反。说明T₃可以较好地抑制设施盐渍化土壤盐离子在耕层的聚集,同时可以提高土壤酶活性,对改善设施盐渍化土壤质量具有一定的作用。  相似文献   

Using Organic Matter with Chemical Amendments to Improve Calcareous Sodic Soil     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(1-2):205-216

Abstract

Kangping soil in northeast China is a sodic soil characterized by a high pH and excessive sodium. The high pH and excessive sodium in sodic soils generally cause loss of soil structure, reduce hydraulic conductivity (HC), increase soil hardness, and make the soil unproductive land. After we mixed organic matter (rice straw) and chemical amendments (H₂SO₄, CaSO₄, and FeSO₄), a column experiment was conducted to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of the soil influenced by the changes in HC, penetrability of soil s`urface, pH, electrical conductivity, CO₃ ^2‐, HCO₃ ^?, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, sodium adsorption rate (SAR), available phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe), and leached P.

Organic matter decreased the concentrations of CO₃ ^2‐, HCO₃ ^?, and Na⁺ in soil solution and increased the total volume of the leachate. Organic matter also reduced the amount of available Fe and increased the available P. However, organic matter did not affect the penetrability of the soil surface as much as soil hardness, HC, and SAR within the short period of this experiment. Among the chemical amendments, H₂SO₄ and FeSO₄ were more effective than CaSO₄ to restore HC, electrical conductivity, Na⁺, and SAR. The chemical amendments, compared with organic matter, significantly leached P from the soil in this study, but the leaching was independent of the concentration of available P in the soil. The CaSO₄ had the strongest effect in increasing leached P from the soil without changing the concentration of available P in the soil. Organic matter with added CaSO₄ leached P from the soil more than all other treatments.  相似文献   

Soil Properties and Maize Growth in Saline and Nonsaline Soils using Cassava‐Industrial Waste Compost and Vermicompost with or Without Earthworms     

A. N. Oo  C. B. Iwai  P. Saenjan 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2015,26(3):300-310

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of compost and vermicompost as soil conditioners in alleviating salt‐affected soils and increasing maize productivity. A greenhouse trial, consisting of seven soil amendment treatments in a completely randomized design with three replications, was carried out at Khon Kaen University, Thailand, during the rainy season of 2011. Plant height and total dry matter of maize increased in treatments with compost and vermicompost application when compared with the control (no fertilizer) in two types of soils (saline and nonsaline) during the growing season. Soil pH and electrical conductivity in saturation paste extracts were decreased by compost and vermicompost amendments with or without earthworms when compared with unamended treatments in the saline soil. Compost and vermicompost amendments improved cation exchange capacity, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and extractable phosphorus in both soils. These amendments also increased exchangeable K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ while decreasing exchangeable Na⁺ in the saline soil, which suggested that Ca²⁺ was exchanged for Na⁺, exchangeable Na⁺, then leached out, and soil salinity reduced as a result. Soil microbial activities including microbial C and N and basal soil respiration were improved by the application of compost and vermicompost amendments with or without earthworms when compared with the control in both soils. This experiment showed that the compost and vermicompost were effective in alleviating salinity and improving crop growth. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

大同盆地金沙滩盐碱地综合治理技术开发研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

张克强  白成云  马宏斌  张敬忠  牛斌  姜森林  聂督 《农业工程学报》2005,21(13):136-141

大同盆地苏打型盐碱地，治理难度较大，通过4年来的综合治理试验研究表明：水利措施采用井灌井排、井渠结合，明沟、暗沟、深沟、浅沟密集相结合，地下水位可由改良前的1.63 m下降到2.05 m；化学改良剂(SN—01)连续施用3年后耕作层土壤pH由原来的9.76下降到8.16，EC值由原来的0.54下降到0.22 ms/cm，CO^2-₃消失，HCO^-₃下降89.7%，Na^{+下降76.4%。国产材料石膏、风化煤、黑矾、糠醛渣施用后表层土pH、碱化度都有明显的下降趋势；农业措施采取平整土地，耕作层脱盐率可达55%，深翻后耕作层土壤密度降低11.6%～13.7%；孔隙度提高12.2%～13.7%。增施有机肥后耕作层土壤碱化度可下降69.7%～76%；合理的耕作技术和耕作管理方法具有保墒、抑盐、躲盐的作用，为作物生长创造了良好的环境条件。  相似文献}   

Sodium removal from a calcareous saline–sodic soil through leaching and plant uptake during phytoremediation     

M. Qadir  D. Steffens  F. Yan  S. Schubert 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2003,14(3):301-307

Saline–sodic and sodic soils are characterized by the occurrence of sodium (Na⁺) to levels that can adversely affect several soil properties and growth of most crops. As a potential substitute of cost‐intensive chemical amelioration, phytoremediation of such soils has emerged as an efficient and low‐cost strategy. This plant‐assisted amelioration involves cultivation of certain plant species that can withstand ambient soil salinity and sodicity levels. It relies on enhanced dissolution of native calcite within the root zone to provide adequate Ca²⁺ for the Na⁺ Ca²⁺ exchange at the cation exchange sites. There is a lack of information for the Na⁺ balance in terms of removal from saline–sodic soils through plant uptake and leaching during the phytoremediation process. We carried out a lysimeter experiment on a calcareous saline–sodic soil [pH of saturated soil paste (pH_s) = 7.2, electrical conductivity of the saturated paste extract (EC_e) = 4.9 dS m⁻¹, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) = 15.9, CaCO₃ = 50 g kg⁻¹]. There were three treatments: (1) control (without application of a chemical amendment or crop cultivation), (2) soil application of gypsum according to the gypsum requirement of the soil and (3) planting of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as a phytoremediation crop. The efficiency of treatments for soluble salt and Na⁺ removal from the soil was in the order: gypsum ≈ alfalfa > control. In the phytoremediation treatment, the amount of Na⁺ removed from the soil through leaching was found to be the principal cause of reduction in salinity and sodicity. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

复合改良剂对盐碱土改良及植物生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

唐雪  尚辉  刘广明  姚宇阗  张凤华  杨劲松  周龙祥  储睿 《土壤》2021,53(5):1033-1039

为探寻更加高效的复合型改良剂，本研究通过田间试验，对土壤理化性质和植物生长指标进行分析，探讨了脱硫石膏、黄腐酸钾和稻壳三种物料不同配比施用对盐碱土理化性质及植物生长状况的影响，筛选出最佳复合物料添加比例，旨在为盐碱地改良与合理利用提供参考依据。结果表明：与对照组相比，不同处理下0-20和20-40 cm土壤pH均有显著降低，分别降低了4.2%~9.6%和4.5%~9.4%。0-20 cm土层的土壤盐分含量也显著降低，土壤中〖HCO〗_3^-、〖Cl〗^-、〖Na〗^+含量分别降低了6.1~39.4%、18%~43.1%和6.2%~33.2%，其中稻壳、黄腐酸钾和脱硫石膏配比为5-1.2-9 t/hm2和15-0.4-9 t/hm2时对〖HCO〗_3^-、〖Cl〗^-、〖Na〗^+降低效果最为明显。复合改良剂均能提高土壤有机质、碱解氮和有效磷含量与景天植株生物量。与对照组相比，有机质增加了3%~46%、碱解氮增加了16.1%~111.8%、有效磷增加了59.5%~154.8%和景天生物量增加了7.1%~47.6%。效应综合评价的主成分分析结果表明，稻壳、黄腐酸钾和脱硫石膏配比为5-1.2-9 t/hm2时是滨海盐碱土壤最适宜的生物化学复合改良剂组分。  相似文献   

长期施肥对砂姜黑土可溶性碳淋溶的影响     

花可可  张睿  王童语  郭志彬  王道中 《农业工程学报》2022,38(1):80-88

研究施肥对砂姜黑土可溶性碳淋溶的影响,对有机肥的可持续利用有重要意义.该研究依托33 a的长期试验,分析常规施肥(MF)、化肥+低量小麦秸秆(MFL)、化肥+高量小麦秸秆(MFH)、化肥+猪粪(MFP)和化肥+牛粪(MFC)等施肥方式对土壤剖面(0～60 cm)理化性质、微生物性状、可溶性有机碳(Dissolved O...  相似文献   

IONIC DISPLACEMENT AND RECLAMATION OF SALINE‐SODIC SOILS USING CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS AND CROP ROTATION     

S. Ahmad  A. Ghafoor  M.E. Akhtar  M.Z. Khan 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2013,24(2):170-178

Biological, chemical and bio‐chemical strategies have been tested in the past for reclamation of saline‐sodic and sodic soils. The efficiency of two crop rotations (rice‐wheat and Sesbania‐wheat) alone or in combination with either gypsum (CaSO₄.2H₂O) or sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) was tested for ionic displacement from four saline‐sodic soils. Pure gypsum was applied at 50 per cent of soil gypsum requirement at the time of planting rice and Sesbania, whereas 95 per cent pure sulfuric acid was added at 50 per cent soil gypsum requirement as one‐third applications by mixing with the first three irrigations. The rice crop biomass decreased at a soil saturation extract electrical conductivity (EC_e) of 8 dS m⁻¹, whereas wheat and Sesbania were influenced at a sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of ≥40. Gypsum treatment helped the crops flourish well at these EC_e and SAR levels. The infiltrated volume of water dropped with decrease in EC_e : SAR ratio of soils and increase in crop biomass production. Crops rotation treatments alone helped leach sodium (Na⁺) and other ions successfully at SAR ≤ 21 but were less effective at SAR ≥ 40 at which point plants growth was also curtailed. Gypsum and H₂SO₄ treatments significantly aided leaching of Na⁺ and other ions with water at SAR ≥ 40 under both the crop rotations. Hence, crops effectively reclaimed soil at low sodicity level, whereas at high SAR, chemical amendments are obligatory in order to reclaim soils. This study also suggests that the required dose of H₂SO₄ should be applied with pre‐planting irrigation for better yield of the first crop. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Soil physical properties affected by long-term fertilization   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

A. Pernes-Debuyser  & D. Tessier 《European Journal of Soil Science》2004,55(3):505-512

According to the literature, soil physical properties are linked mainly with organic constituents that are often considered as the first indicator of soil fertility. But the use of fertilizers and amendments can change soil properties independently of the organic matter content. In a long‐term experiment at Versailles, fertilizers and amendments have been applied each year to uncultivated plots. After 70 years, the plots had the same low organic matter content except those which were treated with manure. However, the physico‐chemical environment had become strongly differentiated. Physical properties, especially soil water relations, were also greatly affected. The use of ammoniacal fertilizers strongly decreased soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC_soil). Plots treated in this way were more sensitive to the degradation of their hydraulic properties and became unstable in spite of the preservation of their porosity. Basic amendments (i.e. bases added as CO₃^2–, OH^–, O^2– or silicate anions) increased soil pH, CEC_soil and its saturation by exchangeable calcium. The increase in CEC_soil improved soil structural cohesion and water flow properties. After basic treatment, there is greater structural stability, and water moves faster through the soil. In potassic and sodic plots, K⁺ and Na⁺ affected water movement and increased the soil's sensitivity to degradation. Manure treatment increased water retention and soil stability. The cation exchange capacity, measured at soil pH, can be used as a good indicator of soil stability, in combination with the organic matter content and the kinds of exchangeable cation (especially K⁺ and Na⁺).  相似文献   

Dissolved organic carbon interactions with sorption and leaching of diuron in organic-amended soils   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

L. Cox    P. Velarde    A. Cabrera    M. C. Hermosín  & J. Cornejo 《European Journal of Soil Science》2007,58(3):714-721

Diuron ( N '-[3,4-dichlorophenyl]- N,N -dimethylurea) is one of the most frequently used herbicides in olive groves in Spain and other Mediterranean countries. The main objective of this work was to investigate the effect of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from a commercial humic amendment, derived by composting the liquid waste of the olive-mill process (LF), and a solid residue from the olive oil production industry (AL) on the sorption and leaching behaviour of diuron in soil. For this purpose, a clay and a sandy soil were selected. Soil sorption coefficients of diuron increased with LF (32%) and AL (76%) amendment in the sandy soil, whereas sorption decreased in the clay soil upon amendment, especially in the case of the liquid LF (52%). The DOC from LF and AL is composed of very poorly humified molecules, which are strongly sorbed onto the clay soil and thus compete with diuron for the same sorption sites. Dialysis experiments revealed that diuron forms stable complexes with DOC from LF and AL. Leaching of diuron in columns of the sandy soil treated with the organic amendments caused earlier breakthrough and maximum concentration peaks at fewer pore volumes when compared with leaching with 0.01 m CaCl₂. Competition between diuron and DOC molecules for sorption sites and diuron–DOC interactions can both account for the enhanced leaching of diuron.  相似文献   

Impact of pyrochar and hydrochar on soybean (Glycine max L.) root nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation     

《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2017,180(2):199-211

The aim of this study was to identify effects of carbonized organic material (“biochar”) on soybean growth, root nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation, and to elucidate possible underlying mechanisms. Soybean (Glycine max L.) was grown in four arable soils amended with carbonized organic material produced from wood or maize as feedstocks, by pyrolysis (“pyrochar”) or hydrothermal carbonization (“hydrochar”). Nodulation by Bradyrhizobium , biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) assessed by ¹⁵N techniques, plant growth, nutrient uptake and changes in chemical soil properties after soil amendment were determined. Data were analyzed by means of a three way ANOVA on the factors soil, carbonization technique and feedstock. It turned out that soybean root nodulation and BNF was influenced by the carbonization technique used to prepare the soil amendment. Hydrochar, in average and across all soils, increased nodule dry matter and BNF by factors of 3.4 and 2.3, respectively, considerably more than pyrochar, which led to 1.8 and 1.2 fold increases, respectively. Nodule dry matter and BNF correlated positively with available soil sulfur and negatively with available soil nitrogen. Hydrochars provided more available sulfur than pyrochars, and hydrochars caused a decrease in nitrogen availability in the soil solution, thereby exerting a positive influence on nodulation and BNF. Pyrochar amendment increased soil pH but had no effect on nodulation and BNF. Plant growth was affected by the soil and by the feedstock used for the “biochar”, and increased slightly more in treatments with pyrochar and hydrochar made from maize, which was richer in nitrogen and potassium. The results show that carbonized organic materials, and specifically hydrochar, have the capacity to increase BNF in soils. We suggest that this enhancement in BNF in response to soil amendments with carbonized organic materials is due to an increase in available sulfur and a reduction of available soil nitrogen.  相似文献