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1.
为了消减冷浸型中低产田长期浸渍、泥温低、土壤有效养分低等障碍因子,通过田间小区试验和动态取样与室内测定,研究了不同有机无机肥配比对冷浸田土壤肥力及水稻生长的影响。结果表明:与复合肥处理比较,复合肥与40%(N)生鸡粪配施处理的土壤磷酸铁盐和磷酸钙盐含量分别提高11%和17%,复合肥与60%(N)生鸡粪配施处理的土壤磷酸铝盐含量提高44%,且磷酸铝盐、磷酸铁盐和磷酸钙盐占无机磷总量的比例提高,闭蓄态磷占无机磷总量的比例降低,促使土壤中难溶性磷向易溶性磷转化,提高土壤有效磷含量;复合肥配施60%(N)生鸡粪处理的土壤松结态腐殖质占重组腐殖质的比例提高1.9个百分点,紧结态腐殖质占重组腐殖质的比例降低4.6个百分点,土壤活性有机质含量提高14%,土壤阳离子交换量提高11%;复合肥与40%(N)生鸡粪配施处理的土壤真菌和放线菌数量分别提高33%和28%,复合肥配施60%(N)生鸡粪处理的土壤细菌数和微生物活性分别提高160%和19%,水稻磷、钾吸收量分别提高5%和111%;复合肥与40%(N)生鸡粪配施处理的早、晚稻产量分别增加8%和42%,复合肥与60%(N)生鸡粪配施处理的早、晚稻产量分别增加6%和31%。有机无机平衡施肥是适合于冷浸田水稻增产的施肥方式。 相似文献
2.
《水土保持学报》2014,(6)
利用长期定位田间小区试验,研究不同施肥模式(不施肥、施纯化肥、化肥与生物黑炭共施、有机无机肥配施、有机无机肥配施添加生物黑炭)对旱地土壤磷钾径流流失的影响。结果表明:施肥可显著增加旱地土壤各种形式氮素的流失。与单施化肥相比,化肥与生物黑炭配施、有机无机肥配施、有机无机肥与生物黑炭共施均可显著降低旱地土壤各种氮素(TDN、PN、TD)径流流失,降幅分别为37.13%~65.66%,24.17%~54.04%,30.47%~59.69%,降低作用的大小为化肥与生物黑炭配施有机无机肥配施有机无机肥配施与生物黑炭共施。施肥可显著增加旱地土壤磷钾径流流失,与单施化肥相比,化肥与生物黑炭共施、有机无机肥配施、有机无机肥配施添加生物黑炭均可显著降低旱地土壤磷钾素径流流失,对可溶性磷(TDP)、颗粒态磷(PP)、总磷(TP)降幅分别为17.71%~42.19%,9.82%~29.97%,12.08%~31.22%,对钾素降幅为23.24%~33.91%,其中均以化肥与生物黑炭共施处理对磷钾素的径流流失降低幅度最大。在总磷的径流流失中,各处理均以颗粒态磷为主,占总磷流失量的百分比为89.72%~92.02%。旱地土壤地表径流量是决定颗粒态磷和总磷流失的主要因子之一,而对可溶性磷和钾素的流失无直接影响。综上所述,有机无机肥配施添加生物黑炭可有效的减少旱地土壤氮素径流流失,化肥与生物黑炭共施可有效的减少旱地土壤磷钾素径流流失。 相似文献
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4.
为提高高肥力土壤磷素安全可持续利用,探究高肥力土壤碳磷比特征。选取洱海流域3种典型作物类型(粮食作物—玉米、地方特色高值经济作物—烤烟和高值高投入作物—蔬菜)作为研究对象,采集27个样点土壤,测定土壤碳磷含量并计算碳磷比。结果表明:(1)土壤有机碳(SOC)含量为31.91 g/kg,种植不同作物类型土壤SOC含量无显著差异;(2)土壤有效态无机磷(NaHCO3提取态无机磷,简称NaHCO3-Pi)含量为156.7 mg/kg,有效态有机磷(NaHCO3提取态有机磷,简称NaHCO3-Po)含量为63.43 mg/kg,种植不同作物类型的土壤有效态无机磷/有机磷含量(NaHCO3-Pi/NaHCO3-Po)无显著差异,均表现为蔬菜地>烤烟地>玉米地;(3)洱海流域农田土壤C/NaHCO3-Pi比为321.42,C/NaHCO3-Po比为1 138.25,土壤C/NaHCO3-Pi... 相似文献
5.
针对南方酸性稻作土壤专性吸附和固定磷素能力强的问题,采用微区试验,以正常施磷(75 kg/hm2)不施生物炭为对照,探讨不同磷肥水平(P2O5 75、60、45、30 kg/hm2)和生物炭配施(40、60、80 t/hm2)对土壤不同形态磷素含量的影响。结果表明:(1)减磷施肥配施生物炭后全磷、有效磷、树脂磷、碳酸氢钠无机磷及稀盐酸磷的含量显著增加,残留态磷的含量显著降低。(2)磷肥水平≥45 kg/hm2时,配施生物炭处理的全磷和有效磷含量较对照分别显著提高17.1%~46.7%和32.5%~76.3%。(3)磷肥水平≥45 kg/hm2时,配施生物炭处理的树脂磷和碳酸氢钠无机磷的含量较对照分别显著增加50.8%~160.3%和36.1%~118.3%。(4)减磷施肥导致氢氧化钠有机磷含量较对照下降38.4%~39.8%;处理间氢氧化钠无机磷的含量无显著差异。(5)配施生物炭后稀盐酸磷含量较对照显著提高57.9%~352.1%;减磷施肥处理的浓盐酸有机磷含量显著低于正常施磷... 相似文献
6.
长期定位施肥对水稻土磷素形态的影响 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
本文通过长期定位施肥试验研究了21年不同施肥处理水稻土中磷素形态及其含量的变化。结果表明,长期不施肥的土壤无论是有机磷还是无机磷中有效磷含量均呈下降趋势,而有机-无机肥配施的有机磷含量不仅高于无肥处理而且还高于单施化肥的处理,并且有利于活性和中度活性有机磷含量的提高。对无机磷的影响,有机-无机肥配施不仅有利于提高Ca-P、Al-P和Fe-P的含量,而且对促进闭蓄态磷的活化效果明显。可见有机-无机肥配施可提高土壤有机磷含量和增加土壤无机磷有效形态的含量。另从土壤有效磷对水稻产量的影响分析可知:当红壤稻田土壤有效磷含量在20mg/kg左右时,增施磷肥对水稻增产效果不明显。 相似文献
7.
长期有机无机肥配施提高黑土磷含量和活化系数 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
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长期施肥褐土不同磷组分对磷素盈余的响应 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
9.
长期定位施肥对潮土磷素形态和有效性的影响 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
研究长期定位施肥对潮土各形态磷含量变化及磷有效性的影响,为潮土合理施用磷肥提供理论依据。长期定位施肥试验开始于1990年,设CK(不施肥)、N2(单施尿素)、N2P(不施钾肥)、N2K(不施磷肥)、N1PK(低量氮肥和磷钾肥)、N2PK(平衡施肥)、N3PK(中高量施肥)、N4PK(高量氮肥和磷钾肥)、N2PKM(化肥和有机肥)、N2PKS(化肥和玉米秸秆还田)10个处理;采用Tiessen-Moir磷素分级法测定各施肥处理土壤不同形态磷含量,用常规方法测定有效磷、全磷含量,分析不同形态磷含量间的相关性。结果表明:经过28年定位施肥处理,N2PKM处理土壤各形态磷含量为盐酸态磷(HCl-P)> 残留态磷(Residual-P)> 氢氧化钠无机磷(NaOH-Pi)> 氢氧化钠有机磷(NaOH-Po)> 碳酸氢钠无机磷(NaHCO3-Pi)> 水溶性磷(Resin-Pi)> 碳酸氢钠有机磷(NaHCO3-Po)。在各施肥处理间,N2P、N1PK、N2PK、N3PK、N4PK、N2PKM、N2PKS处理土壤Resin-Pi、NaHCO3-Pi和NaOH-Pi含量显著高于CK、N2、N2K处理,而处理间NaHCO3-Po、NaOH-Po、HCl-P和Residual-P含量差异不显著。除NaOH-Po外,其它形态磷含量与供试土壤有效磷、全磷含量呈极显著相关,其中Resin-Pi对有效磷贡献最大,说明Resin-Pi是最有效的磷源。供试土壤条件下,合理配施化肥有机肥,可以激发磷素后效,使积累磷素向有效态转化,施用有机肥料能显著提高土壤中各磷组分含量,其中有机无机配施处理(N2PKM)提高程度高于单施化肥(N2PK),施用秸秆处理的各磷组分含量同样显著高于不施肥和化肥处理,且施用有机肥和秸秆处理(N2PKS)的中活性和中等活性磷均与土壤速效磷、全磷呈显著正相关,可在潮土上施用有机肥或秸秆处理,从而保持高比例的土壤有效磷库。 相似文献
10.
我国苹果园施肥现状、土壤剖面氮磷分布特征及减肥增效技术 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
11.
溶磷细菌肥对石灰性土壤磷素转化的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过室内模拟培养和大豆盆栽土培生物模拟试验,研究了磷细菌溶解磷酸钙的能力及在北方石灰性土壤上施用磷细菌肥对土壤磷素转化的影响。试验结果表明:磷细菌菌株具有较强溶解磷酸钙的能力,磷酸钙的溶出率从第1天的2.80%提高到第8天的22.00%。在贫速效磷和富难溶性磷土壤上施用溶磷细菌肥有利于土壤中难溶态的Ca10-P和缓效态Ca8-P含量下降,促使土壤中Ca2-P和Al-P的含量增加,从而使土壤中有效磷含量增加。而对于富速效磷的土壤,无论施菌肥与否对土壤中各种形杰的无机磷绢分基本没有影响. 相似文献
12.
磷素活化剂对红壤磷形态及有效性影响的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在我国南方红壤中加入不同的磷活化剂进行培养试验,结果显示:磷活化剂提高了土壤有效磷含量,不同活化剂的活化能力不同。相关分析和通径分析结果表明,磷活化剂的活化能力大小顺序为:低分子有机酸钠钙盐>腐植酸>腐植酸钠>脲基甲酸乙酯;磷活化剂可以提高红壤中的Al-P、Ca-P和Fe-P等无机磷含量,其中Al-P和Ca-P与有效磷均达到极显著水平,而Fe-P作用效果不显著,可以通过影响Al-P和Ca-P来间接影响有效磷,磷活化剂会抑制土壤中O-P的生成。 相似文献
13.
SUN Wei-Xi HUANG Biao QU Ming-Kai TIAN Kang YAO Li-Peng FU Ming-Ming YIN Li-Ping 《土壤圈》2015,25(3):438-449
Phosphorus (P) in agricultural soils is an important factor for soil quality and environmental protection. Understanding of P and its fractions in soils on a regional scale is imperative for effective management or utilization of P and the improvement of P availability in soils. To study spatial variability and changes of soil P and its fractions as affected by farming practices, soil samples were taken in Rugao County, Jiangsu Province of China, an intensive agricultural area in the Yangtze River Delta region, in years of 1982 (n = 1 514), 1997 (n = 1 651), and 2002 (n = 342). High spatial variabilities of Olsen P and total P (TP) were observed throughout the study area. Loamy Stagnic Anthrosols and clay or loamy Aquic Cambosols had significantly higher concentrations of Olsen P and TP than sandy Ustic Cambosols and Aquic Cambosols. Olsen P and TP were increased from 1982 to 2002. The accumulations of Olsen P and TP in the cultivated soils were likely related to the increased application of P fertilizer, organic input, and soil incorporation of crop residues as well as conversion of soil use. Accumulated soil P was dominantly in labile and semi-labile P fractions. These P fractions may be utilized by future crop production by adjusting management practices, but they also pose a serious threat to nearby water bodies. Future strategies should include decreasing P fertilization in soils and supporting sustainable management. The information from this study can be used to monitor changes in soil fertility and environmental risks so that the use of fertilizers can become more rational. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(13-14):1879-1895
Abstract Laboratory drying may alter manure phosphorus (P) distribution. The effects of freeze, air (22°C), and oven (65°C) drying on sequentially fractioned poultry manure P were examined. Higher drying temperatures resulted in lower percentage of dry matter. Increased H2O‐ and decreased sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)‐extractable P with drying provided evidence that drying increases poultry manure P solubility. Labile fractions were predominantly inorganic P (Pi), whereas sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) fractions had significant amounts of organic P (Po). Drying altered H2O‐ and NaHCO3‐extractable Pi but had no consistent effect on Po in these fractions. This work suggests that variations due to drying should be taken into consideration when evaluating manures for P availability or when comparing data in which different drying methods have been utilized. 相似文献
15.
温室土壤磷素迁移变化特征研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用野外调查采样和室内分析相结合的方法,研究了典型温室栽培地区山东寿光土壤磷素状况及其迁移变化特征。结果表明:(1)除Ca10-P外,温室土壤耕层(0~20 cm)全磷及无机磷组分含量均显著高于露地土壤,其平均含量分别为露地土壤的2.9、3.7、5.6、4.1、3.4倍和6.1倍,且以耕层累积为主,表现出明显的表聚特征,并有向下迁移的趋势;(2)在温室栽培的前期,磷素累积较快,连续种植了4~8 a时,全磷含量达到一个较高范围,为露地土壤的2~4倍,随着种植年限的继续增加,其再累积磷素的能力较差,甚至略有下降;(3)Ca8-P、Al-P和O-P是温室土壤磷素累积的主要形态,与露地土壤相比,其在0~20 cm耕层的平均增加量分别为296.5、288.5、306.0 mg.kg-1;(4)温室土壤耕层水溶性磷和速效磷的平均含量为10.9 mg.kg-1和248.4 mg.kg-1,分别为露地土壤的8.7倍和5.4倍,磷淋失并造成环境污染的可能性很大。 相似文献
16.
Phosphorus bioavailability of sewage sludge‐based recycled fertilizers in an organically managed field experiment
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Recycled phosphorus (P) fertilizers from sewage sludge can contribute to the ongoing effort of closing the P cycle. Five recycled P fertilizers (Struvite SSL, Struvite AirPrex®, P‐RoC®, Pyrolysis coal, and Na‐SSA) were tested for their P availability in a two‐year field experiment with maize. The experiment was conducted on an organic certified research station at soil pH 6.5. Other P fertilizer treatments included: phosphate rock (PR), compost, and an unfertilized control. In addition, the rhizobacteria strain Bacillus sp. Proradix (Proradix®) was applied to test its ability to increase P bioavailability. Each year, shoot DM and P offtake of maize was measured and P use efficiency of the tested fertilizers was calculated. No significant differences in shoot DM were found among fertilized treatments and the unfertilized control in both years of experiment. Fertilization with recycled fertilizers increased P offtake by between 0% (Na‐SSA) and 27.5% (Struvite SSL) compared to the unfertilized control. Rhizobacteria application led to an increase in P offtake of maize from 25.9 to 38.7 kg P ha?1 when combined with PR fertilization in the year of fertilizer application, while no significant effect was found for the recycled fertilizers. Some of the tested recycled fertilizers from urban waste water can be considered as effective fertilizers for their use in organic agriculture. 相似文献
17.
The equivalence of the Calcium‐Acetate‐Lactate and Double‐Lactate extraction methods to assess soil phosphorus fertility
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Michael van Laak Uwe Klingenberg Edgar Peiter Thomas Reitz Dana Zimmer Uwe Buczko 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2018,181(5):795-801
A large variety of extraction methods are used worldwide for the estimation of “plant‐available P” in soils. In Germany, the standard extractants are Calcium‐Acetate‐Lactate (CAL) and Double‐Lactate (DL). Until now there is no validated transformation procedure available and studies on the comparability of both methods have reported conflicting evidence. The uncertainty about the equivalence of CAL‐P and DL‐P hinders a direct comparison of the P fertility status and P fertilizer recommendations across Germany. Based on 136 datasets for soil samples from an interlaboratory comparison program and three P fertilization field trial sites, for which plant‐available P had been determined by both the CAL and DL method, we assessed the comparability of both extraction methods and derived simple and multiple regression equations to transform DL‐P into CAL‐P values. On average, DL extracted 30% more P than CAL. However, this strongly depended on soil pH and carbonate content. A simple linear regression model explained 70% of the variance. However, if simple linear regression models were fitted to pH‐specific samples (pH range 4.5 to 7.0) the R2 increased to 0.96. Based on an independent validation dataset (n = 48) we demonstrated that such pH‐specific models were more accurate than models that did not consider pH when transforming DL‐P to CAL‐P values. Multiple regression results showed that out of soil pH, Corg, Nt, and C : N ratio, only soil pH improved the model. The transformation equations in this study provide a step towards an improved comparability of P fertility status assessments of soils across Germany. 相似文献
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Agronomic assessment of phosphorus efficacy for potato (Solanum tuberosum L) under legume intercrops
Harun I. Gitari Nyawade Shadrack Solomon Kamau Nancy N. Karanja Charles K. K. Gachene Elmar Schulte-Geldermann 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(6):864-878
AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an essential element and its efficient use is of global importance. This study evaluated the effect of growing potato under legume intercrops on P uptake and use efficiency indices: P harvest index (PHI), P uptake efficiency (PuPE), P partial factor productivity (PPFP) and P partial balance (PPB). The experiment was carried out for four consecutive seasons with treatments comprising potato cultivated under legume intercrops: none (T1), dolichos (Lablab purpureus L) (T2), peas (Pisum sativum L) (T3) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) (T4). Across the seasons, the mean haulm P uptake for T2 (6.7?kg P ha?1), T4 (5.5) and T3 (4.5) were 6%, 23% and 36% lower than that observed in T1 (7.1?kg P ha?1), respectively. On the other hand, tuber P uptake was highest in T1 (21.8?kg P ha?1) and T2 (21.3?kg P ha?1) and were significantly higher than 13.2?kg P ha?1 in T3 and 15.1?kg P ha?1 in T4. This had a profound effect on PuPE, which was equally highest in T1 (0.26?kg total P uptake kg?1 P supply) and T2 (0.25) and lowest in T3 (0.16) and T4 (0.18). Similarly, PPFP, PHI and PPB followed a similar trend, with highest values in T1 (57?kg tuber dry matter yield kg?1 P supply, 76.4?kg tuber P uptake kg?1 total plant’s P uptake and 0.20?kg tuber P uptake kg?1 P supply, respectively). Among the tested legume intercrops, dolichos competed least for P with the main crop (potato) hence it can be integrated into potato-based cropping systems without compromising potato tuber yield. 相似文献
19.
Carmo Horta Fernando Monteiro Manuel Madeira José Torrent 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(4):465-477
The phytoavailability of soil phosphorus (P) depends on the different forms in which it occurs and how these forms change after the application of P fertiliser to the soil. Forms of P in the A, B and C horizons of eleven pedons that developed on mafic rocks were characterised by a fractionation method before and after fertilisation with single superphosphate, and a micropot experiment was conducted to assess the short-term use of P fertiliser by rye (Secale cereale L.). The main sources of P to the crop were (i) phosphate adsorbed on mineral surfaces and pedogenic Fe, Al or Ca phosphates in the A horizon and (ii) Ca-phosphates in B and C horizons. In the C horizons, poor in Fe/Al phases and clay, the precipitated Ca-P showed low solubility, resulting in a reduction in shoot biomass. The apparent P recovery by rye was similar in the A (36%) and B (29%) but decreased in the C (15%) horizons. The partial factor productivity (g g?1) decreased from the A (58) to B (11) and C (5) horizons. P phytoavailability decreased with increasing profile depth because the transformation of P fertiliser to poorly soluble Ca-P forms increased with depth. 相似文献
20.
黄土旱塬冬小麦磷素含量累积动态与磷肥利用效率研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用旱作长期定位施肥试验,研究施用磷肥对冬小麦植株磷素含量的动态变化以及磷肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,磷肥对冬小麦植株体内含磷量的影响呈V型,冬前期最高,随着作物生长逐渐降低,灌浆期达到最小值,随后又有回升。冬小麦磷素累积主要集中在拔节期—开花期,和灌浆期—成熟期2个阶段进行,保证这2个阶段磷素供应对小麦的良好生长有重要作用。从磷肥利用效率、产量等指标来看,在施用氮肥90 kg/hm2的情况下,磷肥用量应该控制在45~90 kg/hm2的合理范围内。 相似文献