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1.
在甘薯遗传多样性研究中,目前主要采用细胞核基因组的遗传信息。而放任授粉(集团杂交)是甘薯育种的重要手段,但基于叶绿体微卫星(chloroplast simple sequence repeat,cpSSR)标记技术的甘薯的遗传多样性分析和指纹图谱构建的研究报道较少。本研究基于cpSSR标记技术,对16份甘薯品种进行分子鉴别,并建立相对应的指纹图谱。利用在19对cpSSR引物中筛选出的11对特异性引物进行cpSSR扩增,通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,结果显示,共扩增出43个条带,其中多态性条带33条,平均每对引物扩增出3个多态性条带,多态性百分率为76.74%。16份甘薯品种的遗传距离变异范围为0.0912-0.5067,平均遗传距离是0.2301。聚类分析表明,cpSSR标记能大致反映出不同品种之间的亲缘关系。该指纹图谱的建立,可为中国甘薯品种数据库的完善、近缘甘薯品种的鉴定、育种亲本的选择和品种保护提供参考依据。 相似文献
2.
引进马铃薯种质资源在干旱半干旱区的表型性状遗传多样性分析及综合评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
马铃薯种质资源缺乏,适宜干旱半干旱条件下生长的品种更为紧缺,引进马铃薯种质是丰富种质资源的有效途径。本文采用Shannon-Wiener’s多样性指数及综合得分(F值)对119份从秘鲁国际马铃薯中心引进的马铃薯材料的表型性状(出苗率、株高、茎粗、叶面积、生育期、单株结薯数、单株产量、商品率、干物质含量和块茎长宽比)进行遗传多样性分析及综合评价。结果表明,参试材料的10个表型性状中生育期遗传多样性最为丰富;茎粗、叶面积、生育期、单株结薯数、单株产量、商品率、干物质含量、块茎长宽比对马铃薯种质资源表型性状综合值具有显著影响,这些指标可用于旱作条件下对马铃薯种质资源的综合评价;综合得分F值与所测经济性状(单株产量、商品率、干物质)具显著相关性,可作为马铃薯种质资源的主要评价指标;引进材料中CIP393228.67和CIP 385561.124在干旱区,CIP304350.95、CIP392797.22、CIP388615.22在半干旱区分别表现出较好的丰产稳产特性。这些材料综合评价较好,可有效补充中国马铃薯种质资源。 相似文献
3.
Andrzej G. Górny 《Euphytica》2001,117(1):59-66
Broad genotypic variation in the response to low soilmoisture and reduced nitrogen supply was found amongthe wild Hordeum spontaneum accessions and thelandraces and modern cultivars of H. vulgare ofdifferent geographic origin. Measurements at the endof vegetative growth in plants grown in soil culturesrevealed genotypically specific responses to the usedenvironmental factors. Cultivars and breeding linesfrom Syria and Ethiopian landraces combined bothdrought resistance and tolerance to low nitrogen. TheSyrian barleys were also distinguished by a highnitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) under low Nnutrition. European cultivars indicated a pooradaptation to N shortage, but some of them wereresistant to soil drought. No stress resistant barleyswere found among the wild accessions and Sardinianlandraces. Genotypic differences in the relativevalues of NUE and water use efficiency were associatedwith low N-tolerance. Some Syrian selections,Ethiopian landraces and the modern German cv. Maresiwere found to be most drought resistant. Maintenanceof a relatively high photosynthetic activity of theuppermost leaves was associated with droughtresistance. As far as concerning with the vegetativegrowth phase, the modern Syrian germplasm andEthiopian landraces may be recommended as donors ofadaptative characters for local barley breeding. 相似文献
4.
Summary The use of the Commonwealth Potato Collection in potato breeding is set in the context of the evolution of the crop and the
need to widen its genetic base by introgression and base broadening. The introduction of the potato to Europe and its subsequent
worldwide spread is described. An introduction is given to the world's major potato genebanks, and the current status of the
Commonwealth Potato Collection is presented. Material from this genebank has been extensively used to improve the potato.
Work on wild species as sources of resistance to late blight started before the genebank was initiated, and since then CPC
accessions have provided major R-genes and durable resistance to breeders, greatly benefiting growers and consumers of the
potato. Progress identifying and exploiting resistance to viruses and potato cyst nematodes is described. New sources of further
pest and disease resistance genes are present in the germplasm in the collection, offering the potential to overcome current
and future pests and diseases. Use of the cultivated species in the collection for base broadening is described and discussed.
The collection also harbours a wide range of quality traits of use to breeders, including variation for cooking and crisping,
anthocyanins, carotenoids, ascorbate metabolism and others. As breeding and genetics become more precise, and as both the
knowledge of biochemical pathways and means of analysing chemical composition advance, new ways of accessing this variation
become possible. Possible strategies to achieve these goals are discussed. 相似文献
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Kazuo Watanabe 《Breeding Science》2015,65(1):53-68
Potato has a variety of reproductive uniquenesses besides its clonal propagation by tubers. These traits are controlled by a different kind of genetic control. The reproductive information has been applied to enable interspecific hybridization to enhance valuable traits, such as disease and pest resistances, from the tuber-bearing Solanum gene pool. While progress has been made in potato breeding, many resources have been invested due to the requirements of large populations and long time frame. This is not only due to the general pitfalls in plant breeding, but also due to the complexity of polyploid genetics. Tetraploid genetics is the most prominent aspect associated with potato breeding. Genetic maps and markers have contributed to potato breeding, and genome information further elucidates questions in potato evolution and supports comprehensive potato breeding. Challenges yet remain on recognizing intellectual property rights to breeding and germplasm, and also on regulatory aspects to incorporate modern biotechnology for increasing genetic variation in potato breeding. 相似文献
8.
Y. P. S. Bajaj 《Euphytica》1981,30(1):141-145
Summary Plants have been regenerated from cultures of potato meristems freeze-preserved in liquid nitrogen (–196°C) for 24 months. The implications and the feasibility of employing cryogenic methods for the long-term conservation, and international exchange of germplasm of potato, and other vegetatively propagated crops are pointed out. 相似文献
9.
为了鉴定马铃薯品种间的亲缘关系,采用5对SSR分子标记引物,对18个贵州马铃薯生产品种进行SSR分子标记及遗传多样性分析.结果表明:5对SSR引物共扩增出77个多态性条带,每个组合的多态性条带数为10～24不等,平均每个引物组合产生15.4个多态性条带.18个马铃薯材料之间的遗传距离范围在0.376 6～0.909 0之间,平均为0.701 1.经聚类分析,18个马铃薯材料在遗传距离0.57水平上全部聚为一类,以遗传距离0.60为基准,可明显聚为4个类群.第Ⅰ类包括5个材料;第Ⅱ类仅1个材料;第Ⅲ类包括4个材料;第Ⅳ类包括8个材料. 相似文献
10.
Genome‐wide association (GWA) mapping in potato requires high‐density genotyping. With the Illumina SolCAP potato single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, a first tool for GWA mapping in potato became available. Thirty‐six tetraploid varieties and eight diploid breeding clones were genotyped for 8303 SNPs using this array. The objectives of our study were to examine in this set of germplasm: (i) the degree of polymorphism of the SolCAP SNPs in European germplasm, (ii) the population structure, (iii) temporal trends of genetic diversity and (iv) the genome‐wide extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD). Three‐quarters of the SNPs were polymorphic. In the principal coordinate analysis, a clear separation of tetraploid from diploid genotypes was observed, whereas no distinct subgroups among the tetraploid varieties were detected. The nonlinear trendline of the LD measure vs. the physical map distance decayed within 275 bp to an value of 0.10, indicating that theoretically, about 3 million equally distributed SNPs are required for GWA mapping in this diverse set of germplasm. As the LD decay changes with the population selected for GWA mapping, the number of required markers might be different in other germplasm. 相似文献
11.
Correlation coefficients were computed between microtuber crops and normal seed crop in order to study the selection efficiency for agronomic characters in potato at microtuber crop level. Two types of microtuber, green and white, were produced by inducing microtuberization under light and dark conditions, respectively. Genotypic differences were significant for various characters in both microtuber and normal seed crops. Green and white microtubers were equally useful for selection, judging by the crops raised from them. Selection at microtuber crop level was found to be highly effective for plant height, stem habit, tuber colour and general impression, and moderately effective for internode length, leaf length, leaflet width, stem pigment, plant vigour and tuber shape. Selection efficiency was low for tuber yield, tuber number, average tuber weight, number of nodes, number of stems, leaf colour and number of eyes. The implications of these results for potato breeding and germplasm evaluation programmes are discussed and a procedure for selecting superior genotypes at microtuber crop level is outlined. 相似文献
12.
Genetic variation of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) cultivated in Chile determined by RAPDs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Boris Sagredo Patricio Hinrichsen Horacio López Alberto Cubillos Carlos Muñoz 《Euphytica》1998,101(2):193-198
RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) technology was applied to analyze the genetic variability of sweet potato germplasm
existing in Chile and elsewhere. Analysis of 28 cultivars from all over the world showed polymorphic bands with all 18 primers
tested. A total of 124 RAPD bands were scored with an average of 6.9 polymorphic bands per primer. These results confirm that
sweet potato exhibits high genetic variation. Two groups were distinguished: one containing Peruvian cultivars, and another
containing cultivars from the rest of the world. Analysis of 14 accessions from Central Chile and one from Northern Chile
showed polymorphic bands with 24 of 26 primers tested, but almost all of the 140 polymorphic bands merely showed the distinctness
of the Northern accession. The almost complete uniformity of the other 14 accessions shows that sweet potato germplasm collected
in Central Chile has very little genetic variability and may be derived from a single cultivar.
Based on these results and on historical records, some hypotheses are proposed to explain the origin of sweet potatoes cultivated
in Chile.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
甘薯实生系与其无性系性状相关关系及早期选择利用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
甘暮实生系是分离世代,其性状的变异与资源品种表现同一趋势,与其无性系在诸多性状上呈强弱不同的正相关关系,这是对实生系进行早期选择利用的基础.根据结薯性可将实生系分为成薯、膨大和直根3个类型,成薯系%因组合而异,受环境影响不明显.5年的研究结果证明:无性系类型间的产量性状有明显差异,从成薯类型选育高产新品系的入选率高.在此问题上和美国Granberry.M.等的认识不同.建议把我国甘薯育种的初选期提早到实生系时期,以缩短育种周期,提高育种效率.笔者认为把甘薯杂交种子培育的株系,定名为实生系,比较确切. 相似文献
14.
掌握宁夏地区主要马铃薯品种的遗传多样性,了解其遗传背景,明确各品种间的亲缘关系为马铃薯育种提供理论依据。利用SSR和SRAP 2种分子标记对47份马铃薯种质材料进行遗传多样性分析,并对2种分子标记结果进行比较。12对多态性SRAP标记共检测到180个多态性位点,平均每对引物检测到15个多态性位点,每个SRAP位点的PIC值为0.2~0.43,平均值为0.34;47份马铃薯种质资源遗传相似性系数为0.57~0.83。15对多态性SSR标记检测到80条多态性位点,平均每对引物检测到 5.3个多态性位点,每个SSR位点的PIC值为0.37~0.72,平均值为0.51;马铃薯种质材料遗传相似性系数为0.60~0.97。根据系谱资料分析发现,SRAP标记更适用于遗传关系较近材料的遗传多样性分析。宁夏地区主要的马铃薯品种遗传相似度较低,亲缘关系较远。 相似文献
15.
Sweet potato virus disease (SPVD), a result of the co-infection of whitefly transmitted Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) and the aphid transmitted Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae), is the most destructive disease of sweet potato in East Africa. A study was conducted to establish if genotypes identified
as resistant or susceptible to SPVD in Kenya could be distinguished using molecular markers. A total of 47 unrelated sweet
potato genotypes were selected from germplasm collections and classified into two phenotypic groups as resistant or susceptible
to SPVD. Genotype selection was based on disease severity or days to symptom development in plants following graft inoculation.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker profiles were generated for each individual and used in association studies
to identify markers suitable for classifying the two pre-defined phenotypic groups. Analysis of molecular variance showed
significant (P < 0.002) variation between the two groups using 206 polymorphic AFLP markers. Discriminant analysis and logistic regression
statistical methods were used to select informative markers, and to develop models that would classify the two phenotypic
groups. A training set of 30 genotypes consisting of 15 resistant and 15 susceptible were used to develop classification models.
The remaining 17 genotypes were used as a test set. Four markers, which gave 100% correct classification of the training set
and 94% correct classification of the test set, were selected by both statistical methods. 相似文献
16.
植物体细胞杂交是植物种质资源创制的重要方法。体细胞杂种在原生质体再生的过程中染色体会产生非常多的遗传变异。研究体细胞杂种的染色体行为为马铃薯体细胞杂种的创制和利用提供理论基础。本研究采用rDNA和端粒重复序列作为探针进行原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization),并结合基因组原位杂交(genomic in situ hybridization),对马铃薯和茄子体细胞杂种染色体组成和变异进行了分析。原位杂交结果表明,体细胞杂种中存在马铃薯和茄子融合的染色体和双着丝粒染色体,并发现部分融合染色体是由马铃薯和茄子2号染色体末端对末端融合得到的。重排的双着丝粒染色体的着丝粒一个来源于马铃薯,一个来源于茄子。此外,体细胞杂种中来源于茄子的5S rDNA在体细胞杂种再生及稳定的过程中全部丢失。研究结果表明马铃薯与茄子在进行体细胞杂交的过程中,染色体是不稳定的,容易造成融合后代出现双着丝粒和染色体重排等现象。体细胞杂种的染色体会通过染色体重排、双着丝粒、rDNA均一化等多种形式使其染色体趋于稳定。 相似文献
17.
Summary Fifty-five radish selections, comprising 39 named cultivars, were grown for classification based on morphological characteristics. The major characters used were the ratio of length to width of the hypocotyl, and the colour of the hypocotyl. Cultivars were further subdivided by the length of the longest leaf and the number of fully expanded leaves at harvest. The coefficient of variation is given for each cultivar. The classification identifies a total of 25 classes based on combinations of root shape and colour. These classes can then each be subdivided 25 times based on combinations of leaf length and leaf number. 相似文献
18.
Summary One hundred clove trees from a total of 34 wild and cultivated populations, mainly in the north and central Moluccas, were examined for morphological variation. Data were evaluated using cluster analysis, principal co-ordinates analysis and canonical variates analysis. Considerable morphological variation was evident and was largely attributable to between-population sources. There was more variation among wild cloves than among cultivated populations. Several of the cultivated populations were shown to be morphologically distinct. Flower bud characters were most valuable in distinguishing between populations; leaf and flower bud cluster characters were also useful. Permanent germplasm collections are needed to conserve variation. 相似文献
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20.
Summary Over 2400 pollinations were made to investigate the crossability relationships between cultivated potatoes, and wild diploid species from Series Tuberosa and Circaeifolia, as well as wild polyploid species in Series Tuberosa and Longipedicellata resistant to potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida pathotypes P4A and P5A. Wild diploids in Series Tuberosa crossed easily with cultivated diploid species, except with Solanum lignicaule where most pollinations failed, and seed set was extremely low (0.2 seeds per pollination or less). It is suggested that this species is 1EBN. S. capsicibaccatum is clearly isolated from Series Tuberosa, but can form hybrids with S. lignicaule, which can act as a bridging species to S. tuberosum haploids. S. gourlayi and S. oplocense can be crossed with both subspecies of S. tuberosum, but S. papita, Series Longipedicellata is reproductively isolated from the tetraploid cultigens. The crossability data are discussed in the light of germplasm utilisation for breeding potato varieties resistant to potato cyst nematode. 相似文献