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1.
The nature of a reductive system which actively degrades mexacarbate in the rat intestine and liver was investigated. The system is characterized by its stability against heat and protease treatments and its requirements for a flavin cofactor and an acidic pH for a maximum activity. As a result of purification and spectroscopic identification attempts the system responsible for the above reductive activity was identified to be flavoprotein. Under anerobic conditions such flavoproteinflavin cofactor systems degrade mexacarbate first to 4-N-desmethylmexacarbate and then to polar water-soluble metabolites. 相似文献
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利用祁连山老虎沟地区海拔4200m气象观测站2010年的观测资料,采用FAO Penman-Monteith公式,再利用作物系数法,对高寒草甸生长季(5月22-9月22)的蒸散发量进行估算和分析。结果发现:研究期共有124天,蒸散发总量为238.3mm,日均为1.87mm·d-1。生长初期、生长中期、生长末期的蒸散发总量依次为22.6mm,179.1mm,36.6mm,依次占研究期总量的8.4%,75.2%,15.3%。5月下旬至6月中旬,日均蒸散发量以较低水平缓慢上升;6月下旬迅速增加;6月末至7月中旬猛然回落;7月中旬至8月末,日均蒸散发量迅速上升且维持在较高水平;此后直到9月22日,缓慢减少。5-9月月蒸散发总量依次为6.6mm,46.4mm,74.5mm,77.6mm,33.1mm。 相似文献
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西北地区冬季室内三种常绿植物的光合特性比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用Li-6400XT便携式气体交换系统的红蓝光源和液化CO_2钢瓶注入系统,模拟冬季室内较密闭环境下存在较高CO_2浓度且为弱光环境,设置CO_2浓度为600μmol·mol~(-1),并以400μmol·mol~(-1)作为对照组(CK),对绿萝(Scindapsus aureus)、鹅掌柴(Scheffera octophlla(Lour).Harins)和燕子掌(Crassula agenten Thunb.)进行光响应(Pn-PAR)曲线的测定。结果显示:在CO_2浓度600μmol·mol~(-1)下,三种植物的光饱和点(LSP)均比(CK)更早出现,绿萝和鹅掌柴总体的净光合速率(Pn)比(CK)高,燕子掌比(CK)低;绿萝的最大光合速率(Pmax)、光饱和点(LSP)和表观量子效率(YAQ)均最高,分别为5.62±0.145μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、373.51±24.15μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)和0.041±0.003μmol·μmol~(-1),但暗呼吸速率(Rd)较低(-0.51±0.14μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1));鹅掌柴和绿萝的水分利用率(WUE)和蒸腾速率(Tr),极显著高于燕子掌(P<0.01);绿萝的叶绿素SPAD值最高(70.03±4.18),极显著高于其余两种(P<0.01)。研究表明,绿萝对光照具有最强的利用能力,且能在高CO_2浓度且干旱的环境里健康生长,并能对室内环境起到较强的增湿效应,是西北地区冬季较为理想的室内植物。 相似文献
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Aetiology of Rhizoctonia in sheath blight of maize in Sichuan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rhizoctonia isolates obtained from maize grown in commercial fields in 33 representative counties (or cities) in Sichuan province in China were characterized according to colony morphology, hyphal anastomosis and pathogenicity. Of 141 isolates, 116 were identified as R. solani , 23 as R. zeae and two as binucleate Rhizoctonia . The isolates of R. solani were assigned to four anastomosis groups (AG): AG-1-IA (101 isolates, accounting for 71.6% of the total), AG-1-IB (2, 1.4%), AG-4 (9, 6.4%) and AG-5 (4, 2.8%). The two isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia belonged to AG-K. On maize, isolates of AG-1-IA caused typical sheath blight symptoms. Lesions produced by isolates of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were darker than those of AG-1-IA. Rhizoctonia zeae usually caused discontinuous lesions with a dark brown margin and a brown centre on the leaf sheaths, as well as ear rot. Isolates of AG-1-IA were the most virulent to maize, with an average lesion length of approximately 15 cm. Isolates of R. zeae produced lesions approximately 12 cm long, while those of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were progressively shorter. On potato dextrose agar (PDA; pH 6.4), the minimum temperature for mycelial growth of R. zeae isolates was 14–18°C, the maximum 38–40°C and optimum 30°C. Isolates of R. zeae did not grow on PDA (28°C) at pH 2.0, the optimum for growth being pH 6.4. 相似文献
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2000年天等县玉米锈病暴发 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天等县 2 0 0 0年秋玉米锈病暴发 ,发生面积达1 0 0 0 hm2 ,占秋玉米面积的 2 9.9%。锈病初发期在 9月底至 1 0月初 ,正值玉米吐丝授粉时期。病害发生后 ,田间病情很快流行 ,仅仅十多天时间 ,玉米从叶片、叶鞘、苞叶到雄花均长满铁锈粉状物 ,远看一片黄褐色 ,严重的整株玉米早衰枯死。1 0月 1 8日调查 ,龙茗镇益山村、华隆乡稻香村以及洞宁玉米场等1 33hm2 多的制种玉米均严重感染锈病 ,病叶率达1 0 0 %。面上大田的龙马、独山村等地玉米锈病发生也相当普遍 ,只是病情较轻 ,病叶率 30 %～ 70 %。如此严重的玉米锈病在天等县历史上尚无记载 ,… 相似文献
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超级耕夫ＷＰ是江苏安邦电化有限公司最新开发的稻田除草剂 ,有效成分为耕夫 (醚黄隆 )和二氯喹啉酸 ,用于对水稻田禾本科、莎草科及阔叶杂草的防除。为明确其对稻田杂草的防除效果和对水稻的安全性 ,1 998～1 999年在安徽合肥、江苏仪征进行了田间药效试验。1 材料与方法1 1 供试药剂40 %超级耕夫ＷＰ(江苏安邦电化有限公司产 )、5 0 %二氯喹啉酸ＷＰ(江苏安邦电化有限公司产 )、1 0 %耕夫ＷＰ(江苏安邦电化有限公司产 )。1 2 试验概况仪征试验田土壤为马肝土 ,ｐＨ6 7,肥力中等。前茬为小麦 ,水稻为常规粳稻。田间杂草以稗草为主 ,… 相似文献
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2003年江苏省小麦赤霉病致灾原因分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
小麦赤霉病犤Gibberellazeae(Schw.)犦是困扰我国长江中、下游地区小麦生产持续发展的重要因素之一。江苏河网交错,春雨较多,赤霉病流行频率高。2003年赤霉病见病时间早、发生范围广、自然为害重,是江苏历史上的第九个大流行年。12003年小麦赤霉病流行概况江苏淮南往年是小麦赤霉病的主要流行区域;淮北属于偶发区,基本上不作为主要防治对象。2003年全省以沿江、苏南局部及丘陵地区发病最重,自然发病病穗率高达60%～80%;其次是沿淮及江淮地区,自然发病病穗率40%～60%;再次是徐州、宿迁、连云港3市,自然发病病穗率在10%以下。据各地调查,赤霉… 相似文献
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Surveys were conducted during the cool-dry months of June–August 1997 and June–July 1998 for the presence of viruses in irrigated wheat in Central, Copperbelt, Lusaka and Southern Provinces of Zambia in 14 commercial farms and four wheat cultivar plots. Virus symptoms were observed on nine wheat cultivars ( Triticum aestivum 'Deka', 'Gamtoos', 'Lorie II', 'MM2', 'Nata', 'Nkwazi', 'P7', 'Scan' and 'Sceptre') of South African, Zambian and Zimbabwean origin. Several viruses were identified on the basis of field symptomatology, symptoms developing on mechanically inoculated indicator plant species or cultivars and serology (DAS-ELISA). The study revealed the occurrence of Brome mosaic virus (BMV), Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV), Barley yellow dwarf virus and its strains (BYDV-PAV and RPV), Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV), Wheat dwarf virus (WDV), Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV). DSA-ELISA tests confirmed these identifications. The prevalence of viruses varied annually and from field to field. BSMV, BYDV-PAV, SBWMV, WDV, WSMV and WSSMV were found to be the most prevalent viruses. Viruses generally occurred in mixed infections of 3–6 viruses and the most common virus complex consisted of 4 viruses (50%), viz. BYDV, SBWMV, WDV and WSSMV. Five- and six-virus complexes were relatively less common (20% each) whereas 3-virus complex was noticed in only 10% cases. SBWMV and WSSMV have been found to be new to Africa and Zambia and are reportedly vectored by a fungal protist – Polymyxa graminis . BYDV strains MAV and SGV were also tested but gave negative results against their antisera. 相似文献
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A whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) resistance crisis climaxed in 1995 in Arizona cotton and prompted the development of an integrated resistance management strategy adapted from a program implemented in Israel in 1987. The strategy incorporated two new major elements: once-per-year use of the insect growth regulators (IGRs) pyriproxyfen and buprofezin, and measures to delay use of pyrethroids for as long into the growing season as possible. A three-stage chemical use recommendation was formulated comprising IGRs (Stage I), other non-pyrethroid insecticides (Stage II), and synergized pyrethroid insecticides (Stage III). Results from use of the strategy in the 1996 season were very promising. Insecticide use for control of whiteflies was reduced substantially. State-wide monitoring of whitefly susceptibility revealed significant reductions in resistance to synergized pyrethroids as well as increased susceptibility to amitraz. Susceptibility of Lygus bugs to key insecticides changed correspondingly with increases and decreases in whitefly resistance from 1994 through 1996. ©1997 SCI 相似文献
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Incidence of benomyl and iprodione resistance in isolates of Botrytis cinerea in tomato crops in England and Wales in 1986 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
In 1986, mass-mycelial isolates of Botrytis cinerea from 67 tomato crops in England and Wales were examined for benomyl and iprodione resistance. Of the 706 isolates obtained, 62.7% were resistant to benomyl at 2μg/ml and 43.2% were resistant to iprodione at 2 μg/ml. Iprodione resistance persisted in the absence of a dicarboximide spray programme. The incidence of benomyl resistance has not decreased since the last survey in 1984 in spite of a considerable reduction in the use of benzimidazole fungicides. There were no clear indications that the use of dichlofluanid influenced the incidence of benomyl or iprodione resistance. Disease control was poorer in crops with a higher incidence of iprodione resistance. 相似文献
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受气候异常、农田区生产条件改变及耕作栽培方式多样化等因素影响,近年来,广西蝗虫发生呈上升趋势,暴发频率高。以土蝗发生为主,东亚飞蝗间歇性暴发。其发生为害特点:稻蝗、绵蝗、竹蝗等发生范围广,呈点、片为害;东亚飞蝗则呈区域间歇性暴发,其来势猛、成灾快。2 0 0 3年广西蝗虫发生为近2 0年来最重的一年,其中9月上、中旬北海东亚飞蝗暴发为害,发生面积达11.4万亩,成灾面积1.4万亩,蝗蝻种群虫口密度高的达10 0 0头/ m2 ,为建国以来广西第4次蝗虫暴发灾害年。去冬今春,我区蝗虫残虫面积、虫口密度为近2 0年来的最大值。去秋今春我区又呈连… 相似文献
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A. D. Avgelis 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1987,93(4):153-158
During a survey of virus diseases affecting pepper grown in plastic houses in Crete, during 1984–1986, tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were detected. The most common virus was TMV, being present in samples of alle pepper cultivars carrying the L1 resistance gene, while ToMV was isolated only from susceptible pepper cultivars. According to responses ofCapsicum spp. the isolates from 640 samples checked were classified into three pathotypes: P0, P1.2 and P1.2.3. Results of this study show that P1.2 represents at present the major threat to the Cretan pepper industry.Samenvatting Bij een in de jaren 1984–1986 gehouden inventarisatie van virusziekten in paprika in plastic-foliekassen op Kreta werd zowel het tabaksmozaïekvirus (TMV) als het tomatemozaïekvirus (ToMV) aangetoond. TMV kwam zeer algemeen voor: het werd aangetroffen in alle monsters van de paprikarassen met het resistentiegen L1. ToMV werd alleen geïsoleerd uit planten van vatbare paprikarassen. Volgens de waargenomen symptomen die de isolaten van 640 monsters opCapsicum spp. vertoonden, konden de isolaten in drie pathotypen, nl. P1, P1,2 en P1,2,3, worden geklassificeerd. Uit het onderzoek is gebleken dat P1,2 de belangrijkste bedreiging vormt voor de teelt van paprika op Kreta. 相似文献
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A. D. Avgelis 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1986,92(4):147-152
Tomatoes grown in plastic houses in Crete have been inspected since 1980 for virus diseases. Plants with virus-like symptoms were checked by sap inoculation to test plants and the isolated viruses were identified by host reaction and serology. The most common viruses were, in order of frequency, tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), potato virus X, tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), potato virus Y and cucumber mosaic virus. The large use of ToMV-resistant cultivars reduces gradually the importance of ToMV while TBSV tends to become a serious problem of tomato in Crete.Samenvatting Van 1980–1984 werden op Kreta de in plasticfolie-kassen geteelde tomaten geïnventariseerd op de aanwezigheid van virussen. Verdachte plante werden door sapinoculatie op toetsplanten onderzocht. De daarbij geïsoleerde virussen werden daarna via de symptomen op de waardplanten en serologisch geïdentificeerd. In volgorde van belangrijkheid werden de volgende virussen het meest aangetroffen: tomatemozaïekvirus, aardappelvirus X, tomatedwerggroeivirus, aardappel Y virus en komkommermozaïekvirus, De laatste jaren is door de toenemende teelt van tomaterassen met resistentie tegen tomatemozaïekvirus het belang van dit virus sterk verminderd, terwijl het tomatedwerggroeivirus een steeds ernstiger probleem lijkt te worden. 相似文献
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A viroid was detected in Chrysanthemum plants showing symptotns of stunting in a commercial field in Brazil. Analysis by return polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (R-PAGE) of the nucleic acid preparations of leaves and flowers revealed the presence of a nucleic acid of low molecular weight with mobility within the range of viroids. The viroid-like band was completely eliminated by ribonuclease treatment or alkaline hydrolysis. The Chrysanthemum viroid was readily transmissible to Chrysathemum , tomnato and Gynura , which suggests that it may be an isolate of chrysanthemum stunt viroid. 相似文献