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伪狂犬病病毒研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
伪狂犬病病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)是疱疹病毒科a疱疹病毒亚科的成员,临床上引起Aujeszky氏病(Aujeszky'sdisease,AD)。对其病原,基因组结构,囊膜糖蛋白的主要种类及功能,诊断方法及防治措施作了较为全面的综述。 相似文献
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由细菌感染引起鱼类发生病理变化、甚至死亡的疾病,称为细菌性鱼病。细菌是一种具有细胞壁的单细胞生物,属于原生生物中的原核细胞,仅具有原始核,同时也缺乏细胞器。鱼类细菌病的种类较多,危害严重的主要是革兰氏阴性杆菌引起的疾病。细菌性鱼病是目前危害鱼类较为严重的疾病,具有传播快,死亡率高等特点。大多数鱼类致病菌为条件致病菌,能在饲养环境水中、底泥中以及健康鱼体及其他动物体上分离得到。只有在周围温度有较大变动,水质污染、氨氮和亚硝酸盐等有害物质增加,或营养性失调, 相似文献
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近年来,我省渔业发展迅速,水产品产量连年增长。但是,随着水产品产量的不断提高,鱼类病害的发生也日益严重。养殖鱼类的传染性疾病和营养性疾病已成为养殖生产中的严重问题。这些鱼病多与水环境及鱼类营养不合理密切相关。因此,采取有效的管理措施,进行健康养殖已成为养鱼生产者面临的重要问题。 相似文献
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Lievens B Frans I Heusdens C Justé A Jonstrup SP Lieffrig F Willems KA 《Journal of fish diseases》2011,34(11):861-875
Fish diseases can be caused by a variety of diverse organisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa, and pose a universal threat to the ornamental fish industry and aquaculture. The lack of rapid, accurate and reliable means by which fish pathogens can be detected and identified has been one of the main limitations in fish pathogen diagnosis and fish disease management and has consequently stimulated the search for alternative diagnostic techniques. Here, we describe a method based on multiplex and broad-range PCR amplification combined with DNA array hybridization for the simultaneous detection and identification of all cyprinid herpesviruses (CyHV-1, CyHV-2 and CyHV-3) and some of the most important fish pathogenic Flavobacterium species, including F. branchiophilum, F. columnare and F. psychrophilum. For virus identification, the DNA polymerase and helicase genes were targeted. For bacterial identification, the ribosomal RNA gene was used. The developed methodology permitted 100% specificity for the identification of the target species. Detection sensitivity was equivalent to 10 viral genomes or less than a picogram of bacterial DNA. The utility and power of the array for sensitive pathogen detection and identification in complex samples such as infected tissue is demonstrated in this study. 相似文献
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引起混养塘中异育银鲫和鲢发病死亡的病原及组织病理 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
混养的异育银鲫和鲢鱼种大批死亡,为明确发病死亡的病原和组织损伤并提供相关的疾病防控措施,进行了病鱼肉眼和显微镜检查、细菌学检测、病毒学检测、组织病理和药敏试验研究。结果发现,除在患病鱼体表偶然发现有少量不会引起充血等症状的杯体虫和车轮虫外,未在体内外发现其他寄生虫和真菌类病原;通过细菌分离、人工回感试验、生理生化特性和16S r RNA基因序列分析,从患病异育银鲫和鲢分离到的致病菌株均为嗜水气单胞菌;根据异育银鲫和鲢病毒性疾病的现状,使用鲤疱疹病毒2型(Cyprinid herpesvirus 2,Cy HV-2)DNA聚合酶基因的特异性引物分别对自然发病的异育银鲫和鲢进行PCR检测,只有异育银鲫检测到Cy HV-2,分别用它们的除菌组织上清液进行人工感染试验,只有异育银鲫出现充血症状和死亡现象;由此得出嗜水气单胞菌是异育银鲫和鲢发病死亡的主要病原,Cy HV-2是异育银鲫混合感染的次要病原。患病鲢与患病异育银鲫呈现出类似的组织病理现象,又有一些各自特有的组织病理表现,单纯细菌感染的鲢轻度病变以细胞颗粒变性为主,坏死细胞以核溶解为主,细菌和病毒混合感染的异育银鲫肝脏轻度病变以细胞滴状玻璃样变的变性为主,坏死组织细胞以核固缩和核碎裂为主,在肾脏和脾脏出现染色质边集于核膜的肿大细胞核,主要组织器官出现从变性到坏死的病理变化过程,最终失去应有的功能而死亡。依据药敏试验结果,建议内服诺氟沙星和氟苯尼考等抗生素防治本病的嗜水气单胞菌感染,混合感染Cy HV-2的异育银鲫可以通过注射Cy HV-2疫苗和生态养殖的方法控制和减少该病毒病感染和发展。 相似文献
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Krzysztof Rakus Miko&#x;aj Adamek Miriam Mojesz Piotr Podlasz Ma&#x;gorzata Chmielewska‐Krzesi&#x;ska Karolina Naumowicz Natalia Kasica‐Jarosz Katarzyna K&#x;ak Sebastian Rakers Keith Way Dieter Steinhagen Magdalena Chadzi&#x;ska 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(6):923-934
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a laboratory model organism used in different areas of biological research including studies of immune response and host–pathogen interactions. Thanks to many biological tools available, zebrafish becomes also an important model in aquaculture research since several fish viral infection models have been developed for zebrafish. Here, we have evaluated the possible use of zebrafish to study infections with fish viruses that have not yet been tested on this model organism. In vitro studies demonstrated that chum salmon reovirus (CSV; aquareovirus A) and two alloherpesviruses cyprinid herpesvirus 1 (CyHV‐1) and cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) are able to replicate in zebrafish cell lines ZF4 and SJD.1. Moreover, CSV induced a clear cytopathic effect and up‐regulated the expression of antiviral genes vig‐1 and mxa in both cell lines. In vivo studies demonstrated that both CSV and CyHV‐3 induce up‐regulation of vig‐1 and mxa expression in kidney and spleen of adult zebrafish after infection by i.p. injection but not in larvae after infection by immersion. CyHV‐3 is eliminated quickly from fish; therefore, virus clearing process could be evaluated, and in CSV‐infected fish, a prolonged confrontation of the host with the pathogen could be studied. 相似文献
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Ⅱ型鲤疱疹病毒ORF121蛋白的多克隆抗体制备及鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对CyHV-2病毒ORF121基因(GenBank:AFJ20543.1)进行原核表达系统的构建,将纯化重组蛋白作为抗原来免疫BALB/c小鼠获得多克隆抗体,应用该抗体开展CyHV-2病毒诊断及其感染机制研究。以CyHV-2病毒感染细胞上清液为扩增模板,扩增ORF121基因构建至pGEX-4T原核表达载体,经异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达rORF121重组蛋白,利用尿素纯化后免疫6周龄BALB/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体。结果显示,CyHV-2病毒ORF121基因可在原核表达系统中高效表达目的重组蛋白rORF121,经SDS-PAGE分析大小约为60 ku,主要以不可溶的包涵体存在。利用尿素溶解rORF121蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠获得抗ORF121蛋白的多克隆抗体,Western Blot实验显示,该抗体可特异性识别CyHV-2病毒感染RyuF-2细胞样品。研究表明,利用CyHV-2感染RyuF-2细胞后,本研究制备的抗ORF121蛋白的多克隆抗体能够通过间接免疫荧光实验特异性识别CyHV-2病毒感染的细胞样品。本研究制备的抗ORF121蛋白的多克隆抗体,能够为CyHV-2病毒诊断技术的构建以及深入开展CyHV-2病毒感染机制提供良好的技术基础。 相似文献
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本研究建立了定量检测鲤疱疹病毒2型(Cyprinid herpesvirus 2,CyHV-2)的微滴式数字PCR(Droplet digital PCR,ddPCR)检测方法,并与实时荧光定量PCR(Quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)检测方法的灵敏性、重复性、特异性和临床样品检测做了比较分析.结果表明,与qPCR相比,ddPCR具有相同的特异性,其灵敏性比qPCR低20倍.在定量CyHV-2 DNA时,ddPCR (R2=0.994)和qPCR (R2=0.994)均表现出良好的线性关系,且2种检测方法间的定量值呈正相关(R2=0.989).在定量检测相同稀释度的CyHV-2 DNA时,qPCR的定量值始终比ddPCR高10倍.ddPCR的组内和组间重复变异系数(CV)分别为0.59％-11.26％和6.55％-23.21％,而qPCR为16.57％-27.56％和22.31％-56.73％,说明ddPCR具有更好的稳定性.在临床样品定量检测时,ddPCR的检出率稍高于qPCR.本研究建立的ddPCR能够准确定量检测CyHV-2,将为CyHV-2相关研究提供有益参考. 相似文献
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JC Avarre A Santika A Bentenni Z Zainun JP Madeira M Maskur L Bigarré D Caruso 《Journal of fish diseases》2012,35(10):767-774
Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), the causative agent of koi herpesvirus disease, is a major threat for carp populations in many countries worldwide, including Indonesia. It has been shown that many genotypes circulate worldwide, all highly related to one of the two known lineages U/I and J. In this study, we evaluated the spatial and temporal distribution of CyHV-3 strains in a small enzootic area, the lake of Cirata (West Java, Indonesia). Of the 365 samples analysed, from clinical or asymptomatic fish, 244 were found positive for CyHV-3, suggesting a high occurrence of the virus. Genotyping of these viral specimens with a range of molecular markers revealed the presence of numerous haplotypes in the host population, all related to the J lineage. In single individuals, mixed-genotype infections occurred at high frequency. The present results demonstrate that polymorphic molecular markers are suitable to monitor the genetic evolution of a viral population in an enzootic area. 相似文献
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Intestinal bacterial flora of Mediterranean gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata Linnaeus) as a novel source of natural surface active compounds 
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下载免费PDF全文 Rosanna Floris Giuseppe Scanu Nicola Fois Carmen Rizzo Roberta Malavenda Nunziacarla Spanò Angelina Lo Giudice 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(3):1262-1273
Microbial communities play different functions in the digestive tract of fish and represent a source of bioactive compounds. This study was aimed to detect the presence of biosurfactant (BS)‐producing bacteria in the intestine of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) to select strains candidate for biotechnological applications in aquaculture. A total of 100 bacterial strains were isolated from the guts of three groups of fish and analysed by different qualitative screening tests and the tensiometric analysis. BSs were extracted, characterized by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and their antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens of interest in aquaculture was determined. A total of 17 out of 100 strains, affiliated to the genera Pseudomonas (11 isolates), Acinetobacter (1 isolate), Sphingomonas (4 isolates) and Aeromonas (1 isolate), displayed a stable emulsion production with the E24 index from 0% to 44%, a surface tension reduction from 8.3 to 30 mN/m and 11 of them exhibited antibacterial activity against fish pathogens. The TLC analysis indicated that the intestinal BSs consisted of compounds ascribed to the class of glycolipids–rhamnolipids. This is the first study reporting on the isolation and selection of BS‐producing bacteria from fish gut, a natural novel source of surface active compounds with potential biotechnological applications in aquaculture. 相似文献
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Ictalurid herpesvirus‐2 (IcHV‐2) is a pathogen of cultured black bullhead, Ameiurus melas (Rafinesque), and has been shown to produce high mortality in experimental exposures of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque). During acute infections, the virus grows readily in cell cultures but produces a cytopathic effect (CPE) similar to that of Ictalurid herpesvirus‐1 (IcHV‐1) and the channel catfish reovirus. We have developed a quantitative PCR assay that can be used to detect IcHV‐2 in fish tissues and cell culture supernatants. The assay does not amplify other fish herpesviruses tested or host DNA. It is quantitative over a range of eight logs, and the limit of detection is <10 copies per reaction. In replicate assays carried out on different days, the coefficient of variability was 10%. The best organs for the detection of acute IcHV‐2 infections by our assay are the spleen and kidney. This assay should be useful for the diagnosis of IcHV‐2 disease, the identification of syncytial CPEs in cell cultures, and for the detection of latent infections in carrier fish. 相似文献
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J A Sousa J L Romalde A Ledo J C Eiras J L Barja A E Toranzo 《Journal of fish diseases》1996,19(1):83-89
A comparative bacteriological and virological survey was conducted in two fish farms in the North of Portugal. The fish species examined included cultured rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), and brown trout, Salmo trutta L., as well as wild fish captured near both facilities. The microbial load in the internal organs of apparently healthy fish was nonitored over a year, an all the disease problems occurring during this period were investigated. Although both farms presented intermediate levels of infection(30–40% infected fish), farm B showed the poorest microbiological quality since constant but low mortalities were observed throughout the year. Flavobacterium and Psedomonas-Xanthomonas were the predominant bacterial groups, comprising around 40–50% of the isolates from each farm. In farm B, members of the Enterobacteriaceae and mortile Aeromonas also showed significant prevalence (about 20%). The only outbreak of a notifiable disease was an occurrence of furunculosis, caused by Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmoncida, in farm A. However, Yersinia ruckeri was isolated not only from diseased fish, but also from asymptomatic fish, usually in mixed infections with motile Aeromonas or infections with motile Aeromonas or infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). While Y. ruckeri isolates associated with mortalities belonged to the serotype O1 (subgroup a), those isolated from asymtomatic fish corresponded to serotype O3. Two strains of IPNV (serotype Ab) were isolated in farm B, which represents the first viral agent detected in Portuguese aquaculture. Qualitative and quantitative differences in microbial load were observed between cultured and wild fish. No notifiable bacterial or viral pathogens were detected in any of the feral species studied. 相似文献
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Herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis is a disease of goldfish, Carassius auratus , caused by Cyprinid herpesvirus-2 (CyHV-2) infection. Quantitative PCR was carried out on tissue homogenates from healthy goldfish fingerlings, broodfish, eggs and fry directly sampled from commercial farms, from moribund fish submitted to our laboratory for disease diagnosis, and on naturally-infected CyHV-2 carriers subjected to experimental stress treatments. Healthy fish from 14 of 18 farms were positive with copy numbers ranging from tens to 107 copies μg−1 DNA extracted from infected fish. Of 118 pools of broodfish tested, 42 were positive. The CyHV-2 was detected in one lot of fry produced from disinfected eggs. Testing of moribund goldfish, in which we could not detect any other pathogens, produced 12 of 30 cases with 106 –108 copies of CyHV-2 μg−1 DNA extracted. Subjecting healthy CyHV-2 carriers to cold shock (22–10 °C) but not heat, ammonia or high pH, increased viral copy numbers from mean copy number (±SE) of 7.3 ± 11 to 394 ± 55 μg−1 DNA extracted after 24 h. CyHV-2 is widespread on commercial goldfish farms and outbreaks apparently occur when healthy carriers are subjected to a sharp temperature drop followed by holding at the permissive temperature for the disease. 相似文献