共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
克氏原螯虾摄食节律的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
研究了在<100 lx的弱光条件下雌、雄克氏原螯虾的摄食节律。克氏原螯虾具有明显的摄食节律(P<0.01),并且不受性别的影响(P>0.05)。克氏原螯虾在18:00-19:00时摄食量最高(P<0.05);其次为19:00-20:00和14:00-15:00时(P<0.05);克氏原螯虾在其他时段摄食较少。但克氏原螯虾摄食无明显的昼夜节律,与鱼类不同。这些研究结果将为克氏原螯虾的投喂管理、鱼虾混养和水质调控等提供定量依据。 相似文献
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光照对红螯螯虾繁殖性能及其受精卵卵质的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
报道了不同光照时间长度对红螯螯虾繁殖性能及其受精卵中主要生化成分积累的影响。实验共分5组,Ⅰ组为自然光照;Ⅱ组为光照L∶D=12∶12(即每天光照时间为12h),Ⅲ组为L∶D=14∶10,Ⅳ组为L∶D=16∶8,Ⅴ组为L∶D=18∶6。结果显示,红螯螯虾雌虾1个月及2个月的抱卵率、增重率、性腺指数、孵化率从Ⅰ组至Ⅴ组均呈抛物线的变化趋势,其中实验Ⅳ组最高,以上指标分别为(61.54±2.09)%、(92.31±3.87)%、(29.48±0.51)%、(5.38±0.25)%和(46.99±3.15)%。与其它光照组相比,每只雌虾所抱卵卵重、平均抱卵量和平均单个卵卵重也以实验Ⅳ组为最高。在实验Ⅳ组受精卵中,氨基酸(必需和非必需氨基酸)的总量及主要氨基酸Leu、Arg、Glu均有显著增加。总脂在受精卵中所占的比重(干重和湿重),以实验Ⅲ、Ⅳ两组最高,与其它组相比差异显著。延长光照时间不影响卵内中性脂和磷脂按一定比例积累,各组中中性脂的百分含量均约是磷脂的2倍。无论中性脂还是磷脂,C18∶1ω9、C18∶2ω6、C16∶0、C16∶1四种脂肪酸的含量均较高;光照Ⅳ组中C20∶4的含量较低,而C20∶5ω3和C22∶6ω3的含量则较高。结果说明,日光照16h对红螯螯虾繁殖较为适宜,可明显改善其繁殖性能和受精卵的质量。 相似文献
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不同光周期对红螯螯虾繁殖及生长的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
红螯螯虾 (Ｃｈｅｒａｘｑｕａｄｒｉｃａｒｉｎａｔｕｓ)自从 80年代末被开发利用以来 ,国内外许多学者对其生物学、增养殖技术等进行了研究 ,但至今尚未见有关光照对红螯螯虾影响的报道。本文研究了光周期对红螯螯虾抱卵、胚胎发育及虾苗生长的影响 ,以期为提高和完善红螯螯虾的人工繁殖及育苗技术提供科学依据。1 材料与方法1 1 试验材料 :试验用虾为我院人工繁殖并培育的亲虾及虾苗。亲虾体长 113～ 12 2ｍｍ ,体重 5 5～ 90ｇ ;虾苗平均体长 2 2～ 2 5ｍｍ ,平均体重 0 5～ 0 6ｇ。1 2 试验方法 :光周期Ｌ∶Ｄ分别为 0∶2 4,6∶18… 相似文献
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红螯螯虾的室内人工育苗 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
于1996-1998年,在浙北地区,对澳大利亚引进的红螯螯是进行亲虾培育、人工越冬,怀卵孵化,室内人工育苗技术的研究。研究表明,在浙北地区,2.8-4.9g的幼虾经5个月左右的饲养可以达到性成熟并部分怀卵,利用电厂余热水水泥池人工越冬的成活率可达70%以上。越冬后亲是在水温20℃以上即开始交配怀卵,怀卵盛期4-6月。红螯螯虾一年可产卵4次,但只有第一、二次怀卵可用于育苗生产,个体一次怀卵量较少,一般为400-500粒,但群体怀卵比率较高。试验还表明,红螯螯虾出膜幼体即呈幼虾状,需依附母体7-10d后才营独立生活并开口摄食外源性饵料,所研制的幼虾Ⅰ号饲料为红螯螯虾室内人工育苗较好的开口饲料。室内人工育苗成活率可达60%以上。 相似文献
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１９９１～１９９２年对澳大利亚北方的热带大型虾红螯螯虾ｃｈｅｒａｘｑｕａｄｒｉｎａｒｉｎａｔｕｓ在室内进行了孵化实验。６个玻璃钢水槽放养４０～１９０ｇ的性成熟红螯螯虾１０只／ｍ２，雄雌比率１：２，水温保持在２８±１℃。１９９１年采用自然光照，１９９２年控制光照。采用自然光照，每日光照不是１２小时．月产卵率为１５％；每日光照有１２小时以上，月产卵率在３５％以上。由于产卵高峰期在５～７月，故春季放养为时过晚。翌年，将光照由１２月的１０小时光照１４小时黑暗调节至２月的１４小时光照１０小时黑暗，且一直持续至７月。红螯螯虾产卵率随光照期的延长而提高，且产卵高峰期提前在３～５月，月产卵率高达５０％。５月份以后，即使水温和光照期一直不变，产卵率将直线下降。所产卵数与雌虾个体规格呈正相关。４０～１９０ｇ的雌虾平均产仔虾７．３只／克体重，卵色用于预测卵的发育期。 相似文献
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亚硝酸盐和硫化物对克氏原螯虾幼虾的毒性效应研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用静水法生物测试,研究了亚硝酸盐(NO2--N)和硫化物(S2-)对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)幼虾急性毒性效应。实验结果表明,克氏原螯虾幼虾的死亡率随着NO2--N和S2-浓度的升高和暴露时间的延长而显著上升。NO2--N对克氏原螯虾幼虾24、48、72、96h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为108.09、90.08、73.02、69.74mg/L。S2-对克氏原螯虾幼虾24、48、72、96h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为12.96、9.57、7.62、4.63mg/L。克氏原螯虾幼虾对NO2--N和S2-的安全浓度(SC)分别为6.97mg/L和0.46mg/L,为相应渔业水质标准的35倍和2.3倍,说明克氏原螯虾对NO2--N和S2-的毒性具有一定的耐受力,且对NO2--N的耐受能力强于S2-。 相似文献
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采用静水法生物测试,研究了亚硝酸盐(NO2--N)和硫化物(S2-)对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)幼虾急性毒性效应。实验结果表明,克氏原螯虾幼虾的死亡率随着NO2--N和S2-浓度的升高和暴露时间的延长而显著上升。NO2--N对克氏原螯虾幼虾24、48、72、96h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为108.09、90.08、73.02、69.74mg/L。S2-对克氏原螯虾幼虾24、48、72、96h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为12.96、9.57、7.62、4.63mg/L。克氏原螯虾幼虾对NO2--N和S2-的安全浓度(SC)分别为6.97mg/L和0.46mg/L,为相应渔业水质标准的35倍和2.3倍,说明克氏原螯虾对NO2--N和S2-的毒性具有一定的耐受力,且对NO2--N的耐受能力强于S2-。 相似文献
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为探讨红螯螯虾幼虾的饲料豆粕替代鱼粉的适宜替代量,配制5种不同替代水平(0、40%、60%、80%和100%)的等氮等能饲料,饲喂初重(0.53±0.06)g的红螯螯虾幼虾8周,测定其生长性能、肌肉组成、肝胰腺消化酶活力及抗氧化活力。结果显示,豆粕替代鱼粉对螯虾存活率没有显著影响;与对照组相比,豆粕替代鱼粉的替代量为40%~80%时,红螯螯虾幼虾的增重率和特定生长率没有显著变化;替代量为100%时,螯虾增重率和特定生长率显著下降,螯虾肌肉的蛋白质含量呈现一定程度的下降;豆粕替代鱼粉对螯虾肌肉的脂肪和灰分含量没有显著影响;随着替代量的增加,螯虾肝胰腺胰蛋白酶活力呈现下降的趋势,当替代量为100%时,胰蛋白酶活力显著下降;豆粕替代鱼粉对螯虾肝胰腺脂肪酶、淀粉酶和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力均没有显著影响;替代量为100%时,螯虾肝胰腺总抗氧化活力(T-AOC)显著下降。结果表明,豆粕替代鱼粉的替代量为40%~80%时,对螯虾的生长性能、肌肉组成、消化酶活力和抗氧化活力均没有显著影响,替代量为100%时,显著抑制螯虾的生长、胰蛋白酶活力和T-AOC。根据本试验结果,建议红螯螯虾幼虾饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉的替代量为80%。 相似文献
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斜带石斑鱼仔鱼的摄食节律及日摄食量 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
鱼类的日摄食节律分为白天摄食、晚上摄食、晨昏摄食和无明显节律四种类型。为了解斜带石斑鱼早期发育阶段的日摄食量及昼夜摄食规律,对孵化15天的仔鱼(全长4.86±0.38mm)在不同昼夜节律下的日摄食量和摄食节律进行了研究。结果如下:实验包括自然昼夜组(对照组)、持续光照组和持续黑暗组,各组对轮虫的日摄食量分别为142个/尾、156个/尾和47个/尾;白天摄食量比例分别为总摄食量的91.3%,80.5%和71.7%。对照组在正午(14:00)出现一个明显的摄食高峰;持续光照组在下午(16:00～18:00)出现明显的摄食小高峰;黑暗组则未出现明显的摄食峰。持续光照组在夜间的群摄食率明显高于对照组;黑暗组在白天的群摄食率明显低于对照组。持续光照组摄食强度小幅度增加,日摄食量为对照组的109.9%;而黑暗组摄食强度则明显下降,日摄食量为对照组的33.1%。综上所述,斜带石斑仔鱼摄食节律明显,属于典型的白天摄食类型;仔鱼的摄食与光照有着紧密的关系。 相似文献
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The effects of constant light (24L:00D), no light (00L:24D) and two light–dark periods (18L:06D;12L:12D) on the growth, stress and haematological variables were assessed in juvenile great sturgeon, Huso huso . During the 8-week experimental period, juveniles (22.5 ± 0.6 g) were kept under a 150 lx light intensity in fibreglass tanks (0.8 m2 , 500 L). Differences in growth were insignificant during the experiment, but lactate levels were higher in the 00L:24D and 24L:00D photoperiods compared with 12L:12D and 18L:06D photoperiods. Cortisol levels did not show differences among the various photoperiods. At the end of the experimental period, fish reared under a 12L:12D photoperiod had higher haemoglobin values and erythrocyte numbers than in the other photoperiods, while no differences were found between groups with regard to haematocrit values or leucocyte numbers. The highest survival rate (89%) was observed in the 12L:12D period in which the levels of lactate and cortisol as stress indicators were minimal. The results indicate that various photoperiods cause different stress levels in juvenile great sturgeon and have no significant effects on growth, at least in short time periods. 相似文献
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不同脂肪源对红螯光壳螯虾幼虾生长、消化酶活性及其肌肉生化组成的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过在人工配合饲料中分别添加5%的花生油、猪油、鱼油和豆油作为主要脂肪源,以商业饲料为对照,进行8周饲喂实验,研究不同脂肪源对红螯光壳螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)幼虾生长、消化酶活性及其肌肉生化组成的影响。结果显示,不同脂肪源对红螯光壳螯虾幼虾的体长增长率和特定增长率影响不显著(P0.05);但增重率各组间存在显著性差异(P0.05),以豆油组最高,达到2332.93%,花生油组最低,为1839.50%;豆油组肝胰腺指数显著高于其他各组(P0.05),为0.75%。幼虾存活率以豆油组最高(P0.05),达到83.3%,鱼油组较低,仅为56.7%。不同脂肪源饲喂组的肝胰腺胃蛋白酶活力无显著差异(P0.05);脂肪酶活力花生油组显著高于其他实验组(P0.05),为1177.23U/g(prot);淀粉酶活力各组间差异显著(P0.05),由高到低依次为鱼油组、对照组、豆油组、猪油组、花生油组;纤维素酶活力以花生油组较高,为61.14U/(gprot()P0.05)。幼虾腹部肌肉中各种脂肪酸的含量明显受到饲料中脂肪酸种类和含量的影响,饱和脂肪酸含量猪油组显著高于其他组(P0.05);单不饱和脂肪酸以花生油组含量最高,豆油组最低;多不饱和脂肪酸则以豆油组含量最高(P0.05)。在各实验组中,豆油组红螯光壳螯虾幼体具有最高的体质量增长率和存活率,较高的肝胰腺指数和肝胰腺消化酶活力,豆油组幼虾腹部肌肉中多不饱和脂肪酸尤其是亚油酸和亚麻酸含量也较高。因此,以豆油作为主要脂肪源能够满足红螯光壳螯虾幼体的生长需要,获得较好的饲养效果,并降低饲料成本。 相似文献
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Ana Pavasovic Neil A Richardson Peter B Mather & Alex J Anderson 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(1):25-32
Red claw (Cherax quadricarinatus) is a freshwater crayfish species with recognized potential for aquaculture. To better understand the digestive processes and nutritional requirements of red claw, we have examined the effects of dietary cellulose on (1) digestive enzyme activity and diet digestibility and (2) survival rate, feed conversion ratio and growth performance. In the first study, a reference diet (RF) and test diets consisting of 70% RF and 30%α‐cellulose or Fuller's earth were prepared. Analysis of digestive enzyme profiles revealed that amylase and cellulase activities in midgut gland (MG) extracts were highest in the red claw fed on a diet containing 30% Fuller's earth and lowest in those fed on a diet containing 30%α‐cellulose. Supplementation of the RF diet with either 30%α‐cellulose or Fuller's earth significantly reduced apparent dry mater (ADMD) and apparent protein digestibilities (APD). In the second study, a feeding trial was conducted using diets supplemented with different levels of α‐cellulose. A major finding was that dietary cellulose levels above 12% were correlated with significant reductions in survival rate, specific growth rate and feeding efficiency. Based on these findings, we suggest that although cellulase enzymes are present in the red claw digestive system there are no apparent nutritive benefits obtained by including insoluble cellulose in diets for this species. 相似文献
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Kenneth R Thompson Laura A Muzinic Linda S Engler Sha-Rhonda Morton & Carl D Webster 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(7):659-668
A 117‐day feeding trial was conducted in ponds with juvenile Australian red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) to evaluate the effects on growth, survival, body composition, and processing traits when fed diets containing three different protein levels (22%, 32%, and 42%), and the effects of feeding these diets on pond water quality. Juvenile crayfish (mean weight of 4.6±2.2 g) were randomly stocked into nine 0.02‐ha ponds at a rate of 500 per pond (25 000 ha?1), and each diet was fed to three ponds. There were two feedings per day, each consisting of one‐half of the total daily ration. At harvest, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the individual weight, percentage weight gain, or specific growth rate among treatments, which averaged 75.3 g, 1535%, and 2.38% day?1 respectively. Red claw fed the 42% crude protein diet had significantly higher (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio (7.34) compared with crayfish fed diets containing 22% (5.18) or 32% (5.13) crude protein, and had significantly lower percentage survival (46.1%) compared with red claw fed diets with 22% (61.1%) or 32% (58.2%) protein. Total yield was significantly lower (P<0.05) in red claw fed the 42% protein diet (640 kg ha?1) compared with red claw fed diets containing 22% (920 kg ha?1) or 32% (904 kg ha?1) protein. Mean total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) levels were significantly higher (P<0.05) in ponds with red claw fed the 42% protein diet (0.55 mg L?1) compared with ponds with red claw fed diets containing 22% (0.32 mg L?1) or 32% (0.38 mg L?1) protein. Mean total nitrite concentrations in ponds with red claw fed the 42% protein diet was significantly higher (0.05 mg L?1) compared with red claw fed diets containing 22% (0.01 mg L?1) or 32% (0.02 mg L?1) protein. These results indicate that a practical diet containing 22% (as fed basis) protein may be adequate for pond production of red claw when stocked at the density used in this study, and that a diet containing 42% protein adversely affected levels of TAN and nitrite, possibly reducing overall survival of red claw. Use of a diet with 22% protein may allow red claw producers to reduce diet costs and thereby increase profits. 相似文献
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Neil J Duncan Leonardo Ibarra-Castro & Ricardo Alvarez-Villaseñor 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(4):427-433
Spotted rose snapper, Lutjanus guttatus (Steindachner), eggs were incubated under different photoperiods to examine the effect of photoperiod on incubation. The eggs from two fish were incubated under five artificial photoperiods: constant dark (D), constant light (L) from 06:00 hours and 6, 10 and 14 h of light from 06:00 hours. The eggs from seven other fish were incubated under a natural photoperiod. Different spawning times (21:00 – 01:00 hours) and different photoperiods combined to give the start of the dusk photoperiod change after 11–23 h of incubation. Constant light or applying the dusk photoperiod change after ≥20 h of incubation appeared to extend the hatching period. The mean hatching period for groups of eggs incubated in darkness or that received the dusk photoperiod change after ≤19 h of incubation (n=8 different groups) was 2 h 15±10 min, which was significantly lower (P<0.05) than the mean hatching period of 4 h±37 min for groups that did not receive the dusk photoperiod change or that received the dusk photoperiod change after ≥20 h of incubation (n=9 groups). However, despite these differences, the majority of the eggs hatched during a 2–3 h period from 17 to 20 h of incubation, and a sigmoid regression (r2=0.9) explained the relationship between percentage hatch and hours of incubation for all photoperiod groups. 相似文献
17.
Kenneth R. Thompson Laura A. Muzinic Tracey D. Christian Carl D. Webster David B. Rouse Lukas Manomaitis 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2003,34(1):1-10
Red claw crayfish Cherux quadricarinatus is one of more than a hundred species of Australian freshwater crayfish. However, because of its rapid growth rate, communal and non‐burrowing behavior, ease of spawning, wide temperature and dissolved oxygen tolerance, and no free‐swimming larval stages, red claw may be the best candidate among the Australian crayfishes for semi‐intensive or intensive aquaculture in the United States. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of growth, survival, and fatty acid composition of newly‐hatched red claw when fed four practical diets with or without lecithin and cholesterol. However, little is known of its nutritional requirements or practical diet formulations. An 8‐wk feeding trial was conducted in a recirculating system with newly‐hatched juvenile (mean individual weight, 0.2 g) red claw, each stocked in separate plastic mesh culture units containing their own individual water line. Water was recirculated through biological and mechanical filters. Practical diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (40% protein) and isocaloric (4 kcal available enerpy/g of diet) and contained menhaden fish meal (25%), soybean meal (35%, except in Diet 4), and shrimp meal (10%, except in Diet 4) as protein sources. Diet 1 had 0.5% lecithin added and 1.0% cholesterol added: Diet 2 contained 0% lecithin and 1.0% cholesterol; Diet 3 contained 0.5% lecithin and 0% cholesterol: and Diet 4 contained 0% lecithin and 0% cholesterol. After 8 wk, juvenile red claw fed diets with 0% supplemental lecithin (Diets 2 and 4) had no significant difference (P >0.05) in final weight and percentage weight gain (5.6 g and 2626%. respectively) compared to red claw fed the control diet (Diet 1) containing 0.5% lecithin. Red claw fed a diet without added cholesterol (Diet 3) had significantly (P 0.05) lower final weight (3.6 g) and percentage weight gain (1,717%) compared to red claw fed the control diet (Diet 1). However, red claw fed Diet 4 (containing 0% added cholesterol and 0% added lecithin) showed no significant (P >0.05) difference in final weight (5.1 g) and percentage weight gain (2254%) compared to red claw fed all other diets. There was no significant difference (P >0.05) among all diets for specific growth rate (SGR) which averaged 5.38%/d. Percentage survival was not significantly different among all treatments and was 76% for red claw fed Diet 1, 64% (Diet 2), 56% (Diet 3), and 80% (Diet 4). These results indicate that red claw fed Diet 4 containing 25% menhaden fish meal, 44.5% soybean meal, 0.5% choline chloride, 2% cod liver oil and 1% corn oil may satisfy the lecithin and cholesterol requirements and that the addition of dietary lecithin and cholesterol may not be necessary for good growth and survival of small (0.2 g) juvenile red claw. This may allow for less expensive diet formulations for use by producers of red claw crayfish. 相似文献
18.
Eight light‐intensity treatments (natural light, continuous darkness, and 15, 30, 60, 125, 250 and 500 lx under LD 12:12 cycle) were used to investigate the effects of light intensity on the daily activity of 30.27±3.08 g sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka). Cyclic nocturnal activity patterns of behaviour were observed at different light intensities in the range of 15–500 lx under LD 12:12 cycle. And an ongoing nocturnal cycle persisted in DD cycle for up to 8 days, but longer feeding time and less marked rhythm occurred at continuous darkness. Under poor light conditions (I<5.18 lx), the daily activity rhythm of A. japonicus was governed by an innate biological clock and the effect of light intensity was not significant among different treatments. And more individuals tended to retreat to shelters (from 56.04% to 91.83%) with the increase of light intensity within the weak light condition (from 5.18 to 278 lx). However, the daily behaviours of A. japonicus were influenced under strong light conditions (>278 lx). Less than 8.17% individuals kept actively feeding and the proportion was not decreased with the increase of light intensity. 相似文献
19.
Rearing winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) in captivity for aquaculture and stock enhancement is a viable option to relieve fishing pressure and aid in ongoing recovery strategies. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of photoperiod on growth and survival of young-of-the-year juvenile winter flounder. Juveniles were reared for 12 weeks at three photoperiods: 24 light/0 dark, 18 light/6 dark, and 12 light/12 dark. Twenty fish were stocked into each of 18 enclosures with six enclosures per treatment. Fish in all treatments were fed to satiation every four hours. All fish were imaged at stocking and at three-week intervals. Growth was measured as changes in standard length (SL) and body area (BA). As early as Week 3, fish in all treatments were significantly different in terms of SL and BA. In general, fish grown under continuous 24 light were the largest and fish in the 12 light/12 dark regime were the smallest. Maximum specific growth rates of 0.41 % per day for SL and 0.83 % per day for BA were achieved in the 24 light/0 dark photoperiod. Average mortality rate over the course of the experiment was 9.17 % and there were no significant differences in the number of dead fish among the treatments. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that a longer day coupled with available food will increase growth rate for winter flounder juveniles, without affecting survival. By extending the photoperiod, growth in young-of-the year winter flounder is accelerated, bringing the growth rate of winter flounder close to that of other commercially produced flatfish. 相似文献