共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
磷胁迫下不同基因型甜菜的光合特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
采用盆栽砂培在室内人工可控和室外自然环境条件下,利用前期研究已经获得的对低磷胁迫抗性弱 （品14）、中（品17）和强（品20）的3类种质材料各1个,进行了长期低磷胁迫(P 1 mol/kg)条件下不同基因型甜菜光合特性的研究。结果表明,1）低磷胁迫显著（P0.05）降低了甜菜叶片无机磷和叶绿素含量,品20的降幅显著低于品14。2）低磷胁迫对3个品种的气孔导度、蒸腾速率均有显著或极显著（P0.01）的负效应;对胞间CO2浓度的效应因品种而异,与P 100 mol/kg处理比,品14显著下降,品17无变化,品20显著增加。3）与P 100 mol/kg处理比,低磷胁迫使3个品种单叶光合速率降幅均达到了极显著水平,但不同品种之间表现各异;品14降幅最大,品20最小,品17居中,且3个品种间的差异均达到了显著或极显著。4）不同生长条件使甜菜对低磷胁迫在单叶光合速率方面产生不同的抵抗能力;在室内培养条件下,同样的磷胁迫水平对各品种甜菜光合作用的阻碍均显著小于自然环境。5）低磷胁迫条件下,甜菜各品种在植株磷含量、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2浓度和单叶光合速率等性状上的抗胁迫指数大小与品种自身的抗低磷胁迫强弱的顺序完全一致,即品20品17品14。 相似文献
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高温干旱共胁迫下外源甜菜碱和CaCl2对烟草生理响应的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以烤烟品种云烟85为材料,采用盆栽试验研究了对高温干旱共胁迫的反应,以及外源甜菜碱（GB）和CaCl2对烟草抗高温干旱共胁迫方面的作用。结果表明,叶面喷施GB和CaCl2能显著提高烟草植株生物量。在高温干旱共胁迫下,叶面喷施GB较蒸馏水处理能极显著提高烟草叶片叶绿素含量、SOD和POD活性,维持较高的脯氨酸含量及较低的丙二醛（MDA）含量和质膜相对透性;叶面喷施CaCl2较蒸馏水处理能极显著提高烟草叶片叶绿素含量、SOD和POD活性,极显著降低质膜相对透性,显著降低丙二醛（MDA）含量,维持较高的脯氨酸含量。高温干旱共胁迫恢复生长后,GB、CaCl2和蒸馏水处理的烟草其叶绿素含量、SOD和POD活性均有不同程度回升,丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量、细胞质膜透性都有所下降。因此,GB和CaCl2对有效减轻双逆境胁迫引起的伤害,提高烟草的抗高温干旱胁迫能力具有积极的作用。 相似文献
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为确定以Na_2CO_3,和NaHCO_3为主要成分的苏打盐碱胁迫对甜高梁叶片结构及抗性影响,研究了盐碱胁迫下甜高粱品种314B和M-81E叶片结构与幼苗生理指标的变化。结果表明：针对应试的两个甜高粱品种,苏打盐碱胁迫可极显著减小叶片厚度、中脉厚度和最大导管直径,极显著增加叶片上下角质层及下表皮厚度（P〈0．01）。增加叶绿体中淀粉粒和嗜锇滴颗粒数,且发生叶绿体被膜和基质分离现象;使线粒体内膜上嵴数量减少,甚至消失。株高和茎基周长均比对照极显著减小,叶绿体色素极显著增加（P〈0．01）;叶片质膜相对透性和脯氨酸含量极显著升高,品种间丙二醛含量的变化差异较大。过氧化物酶（POD）活性和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均极显著升高,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性极显著降低（P〈0．01）。比较叶片结构和抗性生理指标变化可知,品种M-81E比314B抗盐碱性强。 相似文献
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水分胁迫对春小麦陇春27号光合参数和渗透调节物质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确水分胁迫下春小麦的抗旱机制,模拟半干旱与干旱条件下春小麦的生存机理,采用盆栽法进行了中度和重度水分胁迫下春小麦旗叶光合参数和渗透调节物质含量变化的研究.结果表明,土壤持水量从80％、60％至40％,春小麦陇春27号旗叶的叶绿素含量、光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率逐渐降低,可溶性糖和酸性转化酶活性呈先增后减趋势,脯氨酸和丙二醛含量及过氧化物酶活性逐渐增强.60％持水量下的可溶性糖含量和酸性转化酶活性显著高于80％与40％持水量下的可溶性糖含量和酸性转化酶活性,可溶性蛋白含量显著低于40％和80％的可溶性蛋白含量,40％持水量下的脯氨酸和丙二醛含量及过氧化物酶活性显著高于60％和80％持水量下的脯氨酸和丙二醛含量及过氧化物酶活性.说明春小麦陇春27号旗叶对水分胁迫十分敏感,中度或重度水分胁迫下光合速率下降是气孔因素与非气孔因素综合作用结果,中度胁迫下光合速率降低是由叶绿素含量下降引起而非光合原料缺乏所致,而重度胁迫下光合速率降低是由叶绿素含量降低和光合原料缺乏所致,可溶性糖、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量及过氧化物酶活性升高是春小麦陇春27号抵御半干旱和干旱胁迫的主要机制. 相似文献
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采用营养钵土培的方法,研究了外源苯丙烯酸对津美1号、绿衣天使、C90和翠龙等不同黄瓜品种幼苗生长和叶片抗氧化酶活性及活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明,外源苯丙烯酸胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长具有很强的抑制作用,并随着胁迫浓度的增大受抑制的程度加强。在苯丙烯酸胁迫下,黄瓜叶片的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性表现为低浓度升高,高浓度下降的趋势;超氧阴离子（O2-.）产生速率、过氧化氢（H2O2）含量、膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）含量及渗透调节物质脯氨酸（Pro）含量、可溶性糖含量随着苯丙烯酸浓度的升高而显著增加。不同黄瓜品种对苯丙烯酸胁迫的响应存在着品种间差异。 相似文献
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硅处理对镉锌胁迫下水稻产量及植株生理特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以郑稻18为材料,通过盆栽试验研究了镉(Cd)、锌(Zn)污染胁迫和硅(Si)处理对水稻产量、不同生育时期植株生理特性的影响,从而揭示硅缓解Cd、Zn胁迫的生理机制。结果表明,水稻植株受到Cd、Zn毒害时,不同生育期植株生物量、产量、叶片叶绿素含量及可溶性蛋白质含量均显著下降,而叶片质膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖含量和过氧化物(POD)活性显著增加。施硅处理显著提高水稻植株对重金属的抗性,主要反映在植株生物量显著增加,叶片叶绿素含量及可溶性蛋白质含量显著上升,而叶片质膜透性、MDA含量、POD活性和可溶性糖含量显著降低,产量显著增加,说明硅缓解植株体内重金属毒害的代谢机制与其对抗氧化酶系统的调控作用及作物抗性的提高有关。 相似文献
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田间低温胁迫对大白菜某些理化特性的影响研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
田间试验研究低温胁迫对大白菜叶片中主要渗透调节物质和丙二醛含量及保护酶活性的变化规律结果表明,随温度的降低大白菜叶片中可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖及游离脯氨酸等渗透调节物质含量明显上升,保护酶超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性则先升后降,且各品种间存在明显差异。低温胁迫下渗透调节物质含量升高和保持较高的酶活性与大白菜提高其抗低温性密切相关。与其他品种相比“秋珍白16号”和“春大王”随温度降低其渗透调节物质升速快且含量较高,保护酶活性也较高,表现出较强的抗寒性 相似文献
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重金属铅镉短期胁迫对蓬莱蕉生理生化指标的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了探讨蓬莱蕉在Pb、Cd胁迫下的生理变化规律,采用盆栽试验研究土壤重金属Pb、Cd单一及其复合胁迫对蓬莱蕉部分生理指标的影响。结果表明:(1)相同处理水平下,随着处理时间的延长,重金属Pb、Cd单一和复合胁迫下,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量降低,超氧化物歧化酶活性下降,游离脯氨酸、丙二醛含量增加,过氧化氢酶活性升高。在Pb单一胁迫下,总叶绿素含量先升后降,过氧化物酶活性升高;在Cd单一胁迫和Pb、Cd复合胁迫下,总叶绿素含量和过氧化物酶活性先升后降。(2)随着处理浓度的增加,重金属Pb、Cd单一和复合胁迫下,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸和丙二醛含量增加,过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性升高,而总叶绿素含量则表现为下降趋势。说明蓬莱蕉在一定重金属胁迫范围内,可通过增加叶片渗透调节物质和诱导活性氧清除系统,以减少由于胁迫带来的代谢失衡对植株的伤害。 相似文献
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研究高温胁迫下水稻生化特性变化及其与品种耐热性的关系,可为水稻耐热性育种、耐热品种的鉴定和热害后补偿栽培技术研究提供依据。采用人工智能温室对水稻幼穗分化期到抽穗开花期进行高温处理,研究了高温胁迫对水稻叶片叶绿素、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白等6项生化指标含量变化的影响,对各品种生化指标变化与热敏感指数进行多元回归分析筛选水稻耐热性鉴定指标。结果表明,高温胁迫后,水稻叶片叶绿素、可溶性糖以及内源多胺含量在3个处理阶段均呈下降趋势,但耐热品种下降幅度明显小于热敏感品种;脯氨酸和丙二醛含量变化趋势与之相反,耐热品种脯氨酸含量上升幅度明显大于热敏感品种,而丙二醛含量上升幅度则明显小于热敏感品种;高温处理7 d后,叶片可溶性蛋白含量上升,处理14 d和21 d后呈逐渐下降趋势。高温胁迫后,叶绿素、可溶性糖、脯胺酸、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛以及内源多胺等含量变化与水稻耐热相关性存在较大差异。叶绿素、可溶性糖、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛以及内源多胺含量可以作为水稻幼穗分化期到抽穗开花期耐热性鉴定的生化指标。 相似文献
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研究不同KClO3浓度对6年生东魁杨梅成花过程生理生化的影响,结果表明:喷施KClO3后东魁杨梅叶片细胞受到伤害处于胁迫状态,丙二醛含量和电解质渗漏率显著增加.KClO3浓度低于1 500 mg·L-1时,叶绿素a、叶绿素b以及总叶绿素含量均显著增加,SOD、POD和CAT活性显著提高,导致叶片光合能力显著上升;生理分化期叶片蛋白质含量明显上升,可溶性糖含量降低;而形态分化期蛋白质含量下降,可溶性糖含量显著上升,可溶性糖/蛋白质比值显著增加,从而促进东魁杨梅的花芽分化.KClO3浓度高于1 500 mg·L-1时,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均降低;SOD、POD和CAT活性降低;导致叶片光合能力、可溶性糖含量以及可溶性糖/蛋白质比值显著下降,从而抑制东魁杨梅的花芽分化.结论是喷施1 000～ 1 500 mg·L-1 KClO3可显著提高东魁杨梅的成花率. 相似文献
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Functions of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) are closely associated. In some crops, Na+ is able to prevent or reduce considerably the occurrence of K+ deficiency. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is a natrophilic crop, and positive effects of Na+ applications on yield were observed when K+ was sufficiently supplied. However, it is not known which specific function of K+ can limit the growth of sugar beet when K+ is substituted by an equivalent amount of Na+. Therefore, K+ substitution by Na+ was investigated for sugar beet in hydroponics. Surprisingly, no K+‐deficiency symptoms were observed. However, calcium (Ca2+) concentrations in the leaves were significantly decreased. Moreover, Ca2+ uptake and translocation through xylem sap were reduced in Na+‐treated plants. It is concluded that Ca2+ uptake by roots and its translocation via xylem sap primarily limit the possibility of K+ substitution by Na+ in sugar beet nutrition. 相似文献
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The influence of phosphorus nutrition and pH on phosphatase activity of sugar beet roots For the determination of acid phosphatase activity (Pase) of sugar beet roots (cultivar: Reka), plants were cultivated in nutrient solution with 1 or 100 μM P in a growth chamber for 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 and 42 days. The phosphatase activity of intact roots was measured in buffer solutions with pH 4 to 7.2 and 14 mM p-Nitrophenylphosphate (NPP) after 10 min of incubation at 20°C. The influence of P nutrition on Pase activity was significant at all intervals. At P deficiency the activity was increased by a factor of 4 to 20. During the experimental period the pH optimum was 6. At pH 5 and 7.2 the Pase activity reached only 63 and 64% respectively of the optimum value. At P deficiency (1 μmol P L—1) the absolute rate of NPP-hydrolysis at pH 6 was 144 nmol min1 m1 root length (day 12 to 36). The plants which received optimum P supply showed only 10% of this value. Sugar beet roots with P deficiency have a high potential of Pase activity from the acid to the neutral pH-range. Therefore, under this condition they may effectively use dissolved organic phosphorus compounds. 相似文献
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Nazli Dide Kutluk Yilmaz Huseyin Uzunbacak Miray Arli-Sokmen Riza Kaya 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2018,68(6):546-554
Rhizomania, caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), is one of the most devastating diseases on sugar beet throughout the world. A total of 235 BNYVV-infested soil samples taken from 29 provinces during the growing seasons of 2004–2005 and 2010–2011 were investigated for resistance-breaking properties of BNYVV isolates. BNYVV resistant (Rz1, Rz1?+?R2, Rz1?+?C48?+?minor genes) and susceptible (rz1) sugar beet cultivars were grown in the BNYVV-infested soils by the bait plant technique, and virus infection was evaluated based on disease symptom and DAS-ELISA. Of the soil samples tested, 57.4% produced infection in the roots of sugar beet cultivar (cv.) containing the Rz1 gene, 51.9% in cv. carrying the Rz1?+?Rz2 and 18.9% in cv. carrying the Rz1?+?C48?+?minor genes. Also, the presence of Beet soil-borne virus (BSBV) was evaluated by TAS-ELISA. Additionally, the presence of BNYVV RNA-5 component was investigated by RT–PCR using the primers specific for p26 coding region. Our results revealed that BNYVV isolates compromising resistance genes are highly common and widespread in sugar beet production areas in Turkey, and it seems unlikely that BSBV and/or RNA-5 were directly involved in RB-event. 相似文献
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长期干旱环境对柑橘生长及养分吸收和相关生理的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了揭示长期干旱环境下柑橘生长及养分吸收和相关生理响应的特点,探索长期干旱对柑橘的不良影响,以红橘(Citrus tangerina Hort.cv."Chuanju")为材料,以有灌溉条件为对照,在贵州北盘江喀斯特河谷长期自然干旱环境下连续4年观察和取样分析测定红橘的物候期,新梢和果实生长发育状况,叶片寿命,果实及叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn、B等元素的含量,分析果实生理病害与干旱及元素含量的关系;测定与抗旱相关的形态、组织解剖及生理特征,研究红橘对长期干旱的生理响应与适应长期干旱的关系。结果表明:长期干旱环境下红橘新梢生长、开花及生理落果物候期明显推迟,果实成熟期提早,叶寿命缩短;新梢短而细且数量及叶片数减少,枯死严重;叶片革质化程度加重,叶片变小变厚,新梢叶缺N、Zn、Fe、B等症状明显;果实的鲜重、干物质质量、水分含量、种子数、果汁含量减少,春梢叶中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn、B及果实的N、P、Ca、Fe、B素的含量明显降低,果皮流胶和汁胞粒化程度加重,品质下降;叶片的栅栏组织增厚,海绵组织变薄,组织紧密度和气孔密度增大,气孔变小,组织疏松度降低;在周年中叶片的脯氨酸及可溶性糖含量增加,临界水分饱和亏增大,失水速率及相对含水量和叶水势变小,Pn及Tr明显降低,夏季的WUE明显提高。红橘适应长期抗旱的能力强。在长期干旱的环境中红橘的生长节律、植株及叶片形态和寿命、叶片厚度及组织结构、气孔密度与大小、叶片的临界水分饱和亏、失水速率、相对含水量、叶水势及脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量、光合速率与蒸腾速率都发生了有利于抵御长期干旱的特异性变化。长期干旱是导致红橘树冠枝梢大量枯死、果实发育缓慢变小、种子败育、果皮流胶及汁胞粒化和果实及叶片中营养元素含量减少的主要原因。 相似文献
16.
This study assesses the influence of saccharides in the rhizodeposition on the phosphate solubilizing ability of rhizosphere bacteria. Water‐soluble rhizodeposits were analyzed of 14C‐labeled pea plants (Pisum sativum, cv. ‘Grapis’) which were grown at two different levels of P‐nutrition. The sugars produced were fed in vitro either as single compounds or as synthetic mixtures to three bacterial strains and the ability of the bacteria to mobilize Ca3(PO4)2 was measured. The relative glucose proportion of pea exudates decreased under P deficiency while the content of galactose, ribose, xylose and fucose increased. In vitro feeding of single sugars and sugar mixtures showed that the ability of Pseudomonas fluorescens (PsIA12) to dissolve tertiary calcium phosphate was lower with pentoses and the mixed sugars of the P‐deficient plants than with glucose. On the other hand, the shifted sugar pattern observed under P deficiency increased the phosphate mobilization ability of Pantoea agglomerans (D5/23) and Azospirillum sp. (CC 322) considerably. This observation can only partly be explained by the acidification of the nutrient medium. Bacteria also produced different carboxylic anions depending on sugar supply. In addition to low‐molecular mono‐, di‐, and tricarboxylic acids which are known as P‐solubilizing substances, sugar acids also played an important role in cultures D 5/23 and CC 322. 相似文献
17.
İzzet Akca Nazli Dide Kutluk Yilmaz Rıdvan Kızılkaya 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(11):1565-1575
The ability of earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. to suppress the multiplication of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) transmitted by Polymyxa betae and its effects on soil microbial activity were investigated under controlled conditions. BNYVV-infested and a combination of earthworm with BNYVV-infested soil were compared to non-infested soils for their effects on plant and root weights and virus content of two different sugar beet cultivars by using partially resistant (cv. Leila) and susceptible (cv. Arosa) cultivars to the rhizomania disease. Soil testing with sugar beet baiting plants followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to diagnose virus. The results of the statistical analyses showed that total fresh plant and root weights were negatively correlated with BNYVV infection. Addition of L. terrestris significantly enhanced plant and root weights. The earthworm-added soils had higher microbial activity such as basal soil respiration and dehydrogenase activity. The presence of earthworms in the soil did not statistically suppress BNYVV infection (p < 0.05). Sugar beet production may be enhanced by using resistant cultivars with adding L. terrestris into soil where rhizomania is present. 相似文献
18.
Relations between soil fertility parameters and sugar beet yield and quality characteristics respectively, on Haplic Chernozem soils In interpreting four “experiments without interference” (VoE) on a total of 435 plots the influence of soil fertility parameters (BFKi) as organic matter, P, K, Mg, pH value, Cu, B and Mn on sugar beet yield and its nutrient contents on Haplic Chernozem sites under Ca immission has been analysed. “VoE” is a method applied to find specific field data by means of which relations within the multidimensional system soil - plant are ascertained by utilizing soil and yield parameter variations. With increasing pH value the nutrient contents in the soil decreased in the order the following sequence: Mn, Mg. Cu, B; and, resulting from that, the sugar beet yield decreased significantly. The coefficients of determination (B) of the triple linear regression between yield and BFKi ranged from B = 0,21 to B = 0,33 and between nutrient contents and BFKi from B = 0 to B = 0,41. Most of the regression functions contained “BFKi boron” as a variable. It has been found that there were positive correlations between “BFKi pH value” and “soluble ashes” and negative correlations between “BFKi pH value” and P contents in sugar beet. 相似文献
19.
通过溶液培养研究了不同浓度(0、0.1、1.0、5.0和10.0 g/L)氧乐果处理后小麦幼苗叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、可溶性糖含量及保护酶活性的动态变化。结果表明:在氧乐果胁迫下,高浓度的氧乐果(5.0和10.0 g/L)处理显著降低了小麦幼苗的叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量,且随着处理时间的延长其差异尤为显著;小麦叶片中可溶性糖含量随着氧乐果浓度和处理天数的增加而显著增加。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性均先上升后下降;抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性在0.1 g/L氧乐果处理的第1d时略有上升,然后下降。小麦响应氧乐果胁迫并上调SOD、POD、CAT等保护酶的活性和可溶性糖的含量,降低叶片光合作用,籍此维持小麦免受低浓度氧乐果的胁迫以维持小麦的正常生长;但高浓度氧乐果处理对小麦根系产生了明显的毒害作用,致使5.0 g/L氧乐果胁迫的小麦根系SOD、POD、CAT活性显著下降。APX和GR可能在低浓度氧乐果处理初期起主要保护作用,而在高浓度氧乐果胁迫下则受到明显抑制作用。 相似文献