共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 718 毫秒
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[目的]监测和分析四川省2009—2020年植被覆盖度时空变化特征,为定量评估区域生态环境提供重要的基础研究数据,也为城市规划及可持续城市发展提供科学参考。[方法]借助Google Earth Engine云计算平台,获取了2009—2020年四川省Landsat系列影像,利用像元二分模型对研究区植被覆盖度进行了定量估算。[结果](1)2009—2020年间,四川省主要以高、中高植被覆盖度为主,其面积可达全省面积的80%,而低、中低植被覆盖度面积所占比例低于10%。(2)从空间上分布,四川省植被覆盖度空间差异比较明显,植被覆盖度较低区域主要分布在成都平原经济区及川西部分地区;(3)从空间变化特征上分析,2009—2020年研究区的植被覆盖度整体呈现基本稳定趋势(44.39%),植被覆盖度改善的区域面积(30.78%)大于植被覆盖度退化区域(24.82%),其中明显退化区域面积所占比例最少,仅占全省面积的4.96%。[结论]总体上,2009—2020年四川省的植被覆盖状况良好,以高、中高植被覆盖度为主,植被覆盖度呈现基本稳定趋势。 相似文献
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[目的] 探究黄河流域河南段的生态状况，分析该区植被生长发育规律及其主控因素，为该区乃至整个黄河流域生态保护和恢复提供理论依据和技术支持。 [方法] 以黄河流域河南段为研究区，利用2001-2020年MODIS-NDVI影像，选取气象、地形、土地利用类型等因素，采用像元二分模型、一元线性回归方程和地理探测器等方法开展黄河流域河南段植被覆盖度变化及其驱动力的研究。 [结果] ①20 a间黄河流域河南段多年平均植被覆盖度由0.54增长到0.71，年增长率为0.85%，中等植被覆盖度(0.45＜FVC≤0.6)、中低植被覆盖度(0.3＜FVC≤0.45)、低植被覆盖度(0.1＜FVC≤0.3)、裸地(FVC≤0.1)向中高植被覆盖度(0.6＜FVC≤0.75)、高植被覆盖度(FVC≥0.75)转化，等级面积分别增加12.60%，75.49%； ②空间上，高、中高植被覆盖度区域主要集中在西部伏牛山、北部太行山山区和东部平原区，中等、中低、低植被覆盖度区域主要集中在中部洛阳至郑州段，裸地主要分布在水系和黄河两岸； ③20 a间研究区植被覆盖度改善面积远大于退化面积，极显著改善区域面积比例31.11%，主要分布在西部伏牛山和北部太行山山区；显著改善区域面积比例9.42%，主要分布在极显著改善区域周边；未发生明显变化区域比例52.35%；显著退化和极显著退化区域面积比例分别为3.01%和4.11%，主要分布在中部、东部平原的耕地和建筑物区； ④各因子对植被覆盖度的影响表现为：土地利用类型＞高程＞坡度＞降水量＞气温，土地利用类型与高程的交互协同作用对植被覆盖度空间格局分布的影响力达到0.52。 [结论] 2001-2020年研究区植被覆盖度呈现显著改善趋势，空间差异性明显，土地利用类型是影响植被覆盖度的主要影响因子。 相似文献
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[目的]分析黑河上游近14a来植被覆盖时空变化特征及其未来趋势,为区域生态保护提供决策参考。[方法]基于2001—2014年MODIS-NDVI数据,采用线性趋势和Hurst指数等数理方法进行定量分析。[结果]研究区植被覆盖整体处于缓慢增加趋势,年际变化呈现"波动—改善"趋势,空间分布呈现自东南向西北逐渐降低的分布特征,且具有明显经向地带性;植被覆盖改善区和退化区的面积分别占47.74%和21.81%,其中改善区主要分布在研究区中部和西北部,以高寒草原改善为主,退化区主要位于研究区东南部,以高寒草甸退化为主;未来的NDVI将向着改善的方向发展。[结论]近14a来黑河上游植被覆盖良好,且未来向着改善趋势发展,但对祁连、民乐和山丹县境内的持续退化区需要采取保护措施。 相似文献
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为了探究黄土高原区植被覆盖的空间分布特征、不同退耕坡度区域和不同气候带区域植被恢复程度,采用黄土高原区2000—2013年的MODIS/NDVI数据进行分析。结果表明:1)2000—2013年黄土高原区的归一化植被指数均值从东南向西北逐渐递减,呈3条带状:<0.2、≥0.2~0.4、≥0.4,大致对应于中国农业气候分区的干旱中温带、中温带、南温带3个气候区。2)2000—2013年黄土高原区植被覆盖呈增加趋势,增加区域的面积比例超过88%,且夏季比年均表现更明显。50%以上区域年均植被覆盖呈现中度改善或明显改善,50%区域上夏季植被覆盖明显改善。3)黄土高原区中温带的年均植被覆盖呈中度改善趋势,夏季植被覆盖呈明显改善趋势;干旱中温带、南温带的年均植被覆盖处于轻微改善状态,夏季植被覆盖以中度改善和轻微改善为主。4)≥15°~25°的坡度区域,植被恢复效果都好于其他坡度条件,夏季明显改善和中度改善的面积比例超过60%,年均也超过40%;坡度<6°或≥35°的区域,年均植被覆盖基本不变和退化面积比例接近20%。 相似文献
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基于2001—2014年的MODIS数据和Landsat数据,利用温度植被干旱指数对黄土高原土壤湿度进行了反演,并应用Theil-Sen趋势和Hurst指数,通过分析土壤湿度与植被覆盖的时空变化特征及其相互关系,得到了未来不同土壤湿度情境下植被覆盖的变化特征,经过筛选和分析划分出了黄土高原生态恢复项目适宜性区域。结果表明:(1)黄土高原TVDI的Hurst指数均值为0.49,其中持续性和反持续性面积分别占42.54%,57.46%。根据TVDI未来变化特征来看,未来土壤湿度减小的区域面积占54.08%且遍布整个研究区。(2) NDVI的Hurst均值为0.52,其中持续性面积占55.01%,表明黄土高原植被覆盖持续性强于反持续性。根据NDVI未来变化特征,植被覆盖持续改善面积达46.95%,退化转为改善占6.08%,呈良好趋势。(3)生态恢复项目弱适宜区面积最大,占总面积的59.90%,其次为不适宜区,面积占25.39%;适宜区面积仅占黄土高原的13.41%,较适宜区面积仅为1.30%。(4)未来的植被恢复工程主要针对坡度较大的耕地实施退耕还林,还需要考虑对土壤水分适宜的地区进行了退草还林,而且坡度较小的较适宜区应在粮食安全的基础上进行了退耕还林和退草还林。 相似文献
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[目的]探究库布齐沙漠近1989—2019年植被覆盖度的时空动态变化规律,为库布齐沙漠植被恢复及生态建设提供理论参考和基础数据。[方法]以1989—2019年每5 a为1期(共7期)的Landsat影像为数据源,结合归一化植被指数(NDVI)像元二分法模型,利用ENVI 5.3和ArcGIS 10.2分析库布齐沙漠1989—2019年植被覆盖度(FVC)时空动态变化特征。[结果](1)在时间变化上,近30 a间库布齐沙漠植被覆盖度整体呈增长趋势,平均植被覆盖度由0.104增长到0.243。在空间分布上,库布齐沙漠植被覆盖度呈现由西向东、向北增加的特征。(2)库布齐沙漠植被覆盖在1999—2004年和2009—2014年均呈现退化趋势,平均植被覆盖度分别减少0.053和0.054,退化面积分别为3 870.22和6 093.59 km~2,退化程度均以植被覆盖度减少10%～30%为主。[结论] 1989—2019年库布齐沙漠植被覆盖度总体有所改善,未来该区生态修复重点关注低植被覆盖区域。 相似文献
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黄河流域甘肃段植被覆盖度时空变化及对气候因子的响应 总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3
[目的]分析黄河流域甘肃段2000—2018年植被覆盖度变化的时空演变规律,探讨该区域植被覆盖度的变化对气候的响应机制,为该区域生态环境与社会经济的协调可持续发展和进一步落实生态环境保护、建设及恢复提供科学依据。[方法]基于2000—2018年的MODIS NDVI数据、气象数据,采用线性趋势分析和相关性分析等方法,对黄河流域甘肃段植被覆盖度的时空变化特征及与气候因子之间的关系进行分析。[结果]①空间上,近19 a研究区植被覆盖度自西南向东北在不断降低,以甘南州的植被覆盖状况最好;植被覆盖度改善面积占36.64%,主要分布于兰州市北部、临夏州、定西市、庆阳市、平凉市大范围区域、天水市南部等,而退化面积占4.2%,主要集中于甘南州等地区。②时间上,研究区植被覆盖度以2013年为界呈现"先持续增加后波动减少"的变化趋势,但整体在不断增加;以平凉市的增加速度最快,平均每年增长0.96%。③研究区植被覆盖度对降水量变化的响应敏感,与降水量呈现显著的正相关关系。[结论]研究区植被覆盖度空间差异明显,2000—2018年植被以改善为主,降水是影响这些区域植被改善的有利因素,降水状况的改善对研究区生态环境建设与修复至关重要。 相似文献
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[目的] 对陕西省延安市植被覆盖时空变化特征及其与气候变化和人类活动之间的关系进行研究,为该市评估生态环境效益和生态环境建设提供科学支持。[方法] 基于MODIS-NDVI和气象等相关数据,采用线性趋势分析、相关性分析和残差分析对延安市2000—2020年植被覆盖时空变化特征及其影响因素进行研究,并用地理探测器分析不同因子对植被覆盖变化的影响以及各因子之间的交互作用。[结果] ①2000—2020年延安市植被NDVI总体呈上升趋势,增速为10%/10 a,快于同期三北防护林植被覆盖的平均增速。②延安市植被覆盖状况不断优化,呈现改善的面积占99.64%,其中明显改善的面积占97.85%,呈现退化趋势的范围比例极少。③受水热分布的影响,延安市呈现“东高西低,南高北低”的植被分布格局。④延安市植被NDVI与降水的相关性要显著强于气温,与气温的相关系数分布在-0.60~0.70,其中呈正相关的面积占47.52%;与降水的相关系数分布在-0.23~0.91,其中呈正相关的面积占99.62%; ⑤延安市退耕还林还草等生态恢复工程的有效实施对植被状况改善最为显著,降水作用次之,气温和自然地理因素作用较小,多影响因子对延安市植被覆盖变化的交互作用表现为非线性增强或双因子增强。[结论] 延安市是黄土高原腹地中心城市,植被覆盖受气候和人类活动影响较大,未来在生态建设背景下,要立足于不同区域的资源禀赋,人为因素合理参与,因地制宜地采取相应的管控和补偿措施,以期达到植被NDVI持续改善的效果,进一步增强其生态效益。 相似文献
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黄土高原植被覆盖时空变化及原因 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究黄土高原地区植被覆盖动态变化及其与人类活动和气象因子的关系对评价区域生态环境质量及生态过程具有重要意义。以黄土高原1982—2018年NDVI(1982—2011年GIMMS NDVI和2000—2018年MODIS NDVI)数据为基础,利用像元二分模型对植被覆盖度进行估算,借助植被绿度、相关分析和多元回归残差法分析了黄土高原植被覆盖度时空变化规律及其对人类活动和气象因子的响应特征。结果表明:(1)过去37年,黄土高原春、夏、秋和生长季植被覆盖度呈现升高趋势,且各季节FVC增加速率逐年升高,尤其以夏季和生长季增加速率的变化最为明显;(2)空间上,春、夏、秋和生长季FVC呈由西北向东南递增的趋势,且大部分地区呈显著上升趋势,植被呈现改善趋势的面积要大于呈现退化趋势的面积;(3)春、夏、秋和生长季人类活动对FVC主要以正面影响为主,且夏季人类活动对于FVC影响更为显著。在气象因素方面,FVC与平均气温在夏季和生长季呈现显著正相关的区域面积占比较大,FVC与总降水量在春季和秋季呈现显著正相关的区域面积占比较大。退耕还林(草)等生态工程的实施,使得黄土高原植被状态得到明显改善,但是城市扩... 相似文献
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[目的] 对四川省植被变化规律及影响因子进行分析,为该地区自然资源可持续发展提供理论支持。[方法] 基于2000—2020年四川省MODIS-NDVI数据集,统计研究区2000—2020年植被覆盖度(FVC),分析其时空变化特征以及与气候因子的关系。[结果] ①四川省FVC变化趋于稳定,其多年FVC均值在0.50左右。②在空间尺度上,FVC存在明显的空间分布异质性,东部FVC高于西部,且从西北向东南方向呈现依次递增的空间分布格局。③四川省高植被覆盖度区域面积比例达到70%左右,其总体植被状况较好,且总体存在缓慢增长的迹象。④研究区内FVC变化与气温、降水正负相关关系并存且面积比例接近。⑤四川省FVC变化的驱动力主要为非气候因子,以气候因子为驱动的区域面积占研究区总面积的21.17%。[结论] 四川省地形地貌复杂,气候条件好,植被生长旺盛,多年来FVC较为稳定,维护了长江中上游地区的生态环境。四川省未来应着重关注人类活动因子,积极构建长江中上游生态屏障。 相似文献
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【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
18.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
19.
Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico
and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria
(Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite
amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation.
Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured
as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions. 相似文献
20.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献