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1.
椴木除湿干燥的能耗分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
描述了椴木除湿干燥过程中干燥室内空气温度、相对湿度及木材含水率的变化曲线。着重分析了椴木除湿干燥过程中除湿量及能耗的变化规律。实验结果显示,除湿干燥各阶段的除湿量和节能效果有较大的差异。干燥初期的除湿量大,开除湿机的节能效果最好;干燥中期的节能效果变差;干燥后期则不宜开除湿机。建议除湿干燥用于木材预干或作为联合干燥的第一阶段。 相似文献
2.
木材除湿干燥是一种低温干燥方法。除湿干燥设备与常规干燥类似,只不过用除湿机代替原有干燥室中的加热器。除湿干燥设备以除湿机为主机,它与普通低温干燥室有二点不同:一是无进、排气道,湿热废气不是排入大气,而是引入到除湿机中,经脱湿后,再返回到干燥室内;二是无加热器,所需热量由除湿机供给。其优点是设备投资费用低,干燥质量较好,使用电能,对环境污染小,操作简单,但在干燥过程中也存在一些不利因素。 相似文献
3.
热泵干燥技术因节能、环保等特点而广泛应用于木材干燥等领域,但在干燥室内湿空气相对湿度不高时,热泵干燥系统的除湿性能较差,因此通过变频器调节制冷系统循环风量,研究木材干燥过程中,不同干燥阶段循环风量对热泵干燥除湿性能的影响。结果表明:降低制冷系统循环风量可以提高系统的除湿性能。在木材干燥不同阶段,均存在一个频率值,使系统的除湿量、除湿能耗比和除湿制热性能系数达到最大值,但三者的最大值并不是都在同一个频率值下出现。随着干燥的进行,干燥室内湿空气温度升高,相对湿度降低,系统的除湿量、除湿能耗比和除湿制热性能系数随之降低;系统的除湿量、除湿能耗比和除湿制热性能系数达到最大值的频率也随之降低。 相似文献
4.
小型木材除湿干燥机由除湿机、干燥机机体、风机和加热器组成,具有结构简单、操作容易、性价比高等特点。一次性干燥木材的容量为10~12m3,干燥周期为12~14d,平均能耗为87.50kW.h.m-3,成本为120.00元.m-3。符合国家标准锯材干燥质量中的有关规定,且木材保持天然色泽。 相似文献
5.
我国除湿干燥机应用中某些问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
论文简述了除湿干燥的节能原理，单热源与双热源除湿干燥机的区别，以及除湿干燥机的某些局限性。介绍了恰当配置除湿机和干燥室的若干问题，同时还提出了改进干燥工艺提高除湿机工作效率的一些建议。 相似文献
6.
高温热泵除湿木材干燥室研究设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高温热泵除湿木材干燥室研究设计田赞成，高健民１新干燥室设计思路除湿式木材干燥室的除湿机功能是除去空气中的水蒸汽，向空气提供工艺需要的热量，调节空气状态，以按干燥基准操作。在除湿机和干燥室的工艺匹配设计中，除了除湿机制热量以外，在热量的衡算中，还需设计... 相似文献
7.
除湿干燥技术的应用现状国外一些发达国家,如意大利、加拿大、日本及美、英、法等国,研制和应用除湿机已有几十年的历史,从早期的小型低温机,发展到以后的中温、高温除湿机系列产品,其工艺技术方面已相当成熟。如今除湿机在这些国家的木材干燥设备中,已占有相当比例,如在日本和加拿大分别占干燥设备的1/5和1/3。我国于20世纪80年代初才开始从国外引进除湿干燥机,80年代中期以后从仿制国外产品,逐步走向独立设计制造。除湿干燥方法已逐渐被木材干燥界理解和接受。除湿干燥机的销售量也有逐年递增的趋势。正在生产中应用的各种除湿机的总干燥… 相似文献
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9.
木材除湿干燥技术始于60年代，首先在欧洲开始应用。80年代初，我国木材加工企业开始引进除湿干燥设备。1985年后，广东、山东等地有关机械厂，研制了国产除湿干燥设备，并开始在生产单位推广。1987年底，上海某研究所研制了高温热泵，其后，北京林业大学又研制了高温双热源热泵等，使除湿干燥技术在木材行业得到进一步推广。木材除湿干燥为木材干燥提供了一种新技术、新方法，为不少企业解决了木材干燥问题。但是，与此同时，由于对除湿干燥的原理、工艺、适用性、经济性等缺乏了解，也使一些企业遇到了各种各样的问题，如干燥周期长、残余… 相似文献
10.
木材干燥能耗高的原因之一是常规蒸汽干燥的排气热损失大,能量利用率低．除湿干燥与太阳能干燥都是节能效果好的干燥方法,该文介绍了作者在这方面的研究成果,阐述了除湿机与太阳能联合干燥系统的设备组成与工作原理、技术特点与试验测试数据,最后对此类干燥技术作了一些评价和建议． 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
18.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
19.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):166-178
This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes. 相似文献