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福尔马林、敌百虫、硫酸铜对苏氏圆腹仔鱼的急性毒性实验。在水温28-30℃下,福尔马林对苏氏圆腹仔鱼24h和48h半致死浓度分别为98.3mg/L和83.9mg/L,安全浓度为18.3mg/L;敌百虫24h和48h半致死浓度分别为7.7mg/L和3.7mg/L,安全浓度为0.26mg/L;硫酸铜24h和48h半致死浓度分别为0.28mg/L和0.22mg/L,安全浓度为0.04mg/L。其仔鱼鱼苗对所选用的三种药物的敏感顺序为:硫酸铜>敌百虫>福尔马林。 相似文献
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4种常用鱼药对泥鳅的急性毒性试验 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
用福尔马林等4种药物对泥鳅进行急性毒性试验,结果表明:福尔马林24 h半致死浓度为138.50mg/L,48 h半致死浓度为122.30 mg/L,安全浓度为25.30 mg/L;高锰酸钾24 h半致死浓度为7.23 mg/L,48h半致死浓度为5.61 mg/L,安全浓度为0.75 mg/L;硫酸铜24 h半致死浓度为3.90 mg/L,48 h半致死浓度为2.70 mg/L,安全浓度为0.26 mg/L;敌百虫24 h半致死浓度为11.80 mg/L,48 h半致死浓度为10.50mg/L,安全浓度为2.22 mg/L。根据试验结果,建议高锰酸钾不要作为泥鳅的治疗药物,硫酸铜在用于泥鳅疾病的防治时要谨慎使用,福尔马林和敌百虫是治疗泥鳅疾病的有效药物。 相似文献
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福尔马林、敌百虫、硫酸铜对苏氏圆腹白芒仔鱼的急性毒性实验。在水温28—30℃下,福尔马林对苏氏圆腹[鱼芒]仔鱼24h和48h半致死浓度分别为98．3mg／L和83．9mg／L,安全浓度为18．3mg／L;敌百虫24h和48h半致死浓度分别为7．7mg／L和3．7mg／L,安全浓度为0．26mg／L;硫酸铜24h和48h半致死浓度分别为0．28mg／L和0．22mg／L,安全浓度为0．04mg／L。其仔鱼鱼苗对所选用的三种药物的敏感顺序为：硫酸铜〉敌百虫〉福尔马林。 相似文献
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4种常用药物对克氏双锯鱼稚鱼急性毒性试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
选用硫酸铜、敌百虫、福尔马林、上野黄药对克氏双锯鱼稚鱼进行急性毒性试验.硫酸铜对克氏双锯鱼稚鱼24 h LC50为0.80 mg/L,48 h LC50为0.70 mg/L,96 h LC50为0.60 mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.16 mg/L;敌百虫对克氏双锯鱼稚鱼24 h LC50为2.88 mg/L,48 h LC50为2.44 mg/L,96 h LC50为2.12 mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.53 mg/L.福尔马林和上野黄药对克氏双锯鱼稚鱼的96 h LC50＞100 mg/L,属于低毒.根据96 h半致死质量浓度来判断药物的毒性大小,克氏双锯鱼稚鱼对4种药物敏感性依次为:硫酸铜>敌百虫>福尔马林和上野黄药,福尔马林和上野黄药对克氏双锯鱼稚鱼同属于低毒药品. 相似文献
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用使君子、雷丸、茶籽饼、川楝子、大蒜素、矿物质分散剂组成中草药复方,分别以0、5、6、8、10、15、20和25 mg·L-1的浓度对刺参苗期玻璃海鞘(Ciona intestinalis)进行杀除效果和对刺参苗种的毒性试验,以研究中草药复方对海参苗期玻璃海鞘的杀除效果。结果表明:采用该中草药复方,浓度为10~15 mg·L-1时,药浴24 h,既能有效杀灭玻璃海鞘,又对稚参无毒副作用,对养殖水体各指标也基本无影响,是刺参养殖系统中杀灭玻璃海鞘的最适浓度。进一步的生产性应用实践表明,在刺参育苗池中采用“3+7”模式(用药后第3 d倒池、第7 d倒板)施用浓度10~15 mg·L-1的中草药复方,可达到杀除玻璃海鞘的良好效果,且与海参容易分离。在上述药物浓度作用下,刺参苗种伸展、附着和摄食正常,健康状况良好。该中草药复方适合在生产实践中应用推广。 相似文献
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4种渔药对昆明裂腹鱼鱼苗的急性毒性试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用半静水式试验方法研究了在水温(16.5±0.5)℃、pH(7.70±0.25)条件下,高锰酸钾、三氯异氰尿酸、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂(5∶2)、敌百虫4种常用渔药对昆明裂腹鱼(Schizothorax grahami)鱼苗的急性毒性实验。结果显示:4种药物中三氯异氰尿酸的24 h、48 h、96 h半致死浓度最低,分别为1.586、1.423、1.173 mg/L,敌百虫的最高,为473、407、302 mg/L。4种药物的安全浓度分别为高锰酸钾0.536 mg/L,三氯异氰尿酸0.347 1 mg/L,硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂(5∶2)0.5 mg/L,敌百虫90.41 mg/L。结果表明:4种药物中,三氯异氰尿酸、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂(5∶2)和敌百虫可在生产中安全使用。 相似文献
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4种药物对叶尔羌高原鳅的急性毒性试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在水温(17±2)℃条件下,采用水生生物急性毒性试验方法,研究了福尔马林、高锰酸钾、硫酸铜和敌百虫,4种药物对叶尔羌高原鳅的24h、48h的半致死浓度(LD50)和安全浓度(SC)。结果表明:福尔马林、高锰酸钾、硫酸铜和敌百虫24h的LC50分别为:113.89、6.43、3.37和14.18mg/L。48h的LC50分别为97.03、4.50、2.38和11.28mg/L。4种药物的SC分别为24.08、0.94、0.50和2.69mg/L。在对叶尔羌高原鳅疾病预防和治疗过程中,建议高锰酸钾不要用于疾病的治疗,硫酸铜的使用要谨慎,福尔马林和敌百虫可用于疾病的治疗。 相似文献
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在溶氧(7.0±0.3)mg/L,水温(18±1)℃,pH 7.8±0.1条件下,采用国家标准半静态方式水生生物急性毒性实验法研究了高锰酸钾、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂(5∶2)、敌百虫和甲醛对硬刺松潘裸鲤(Gymnocypris potanini firmispinatus Wu et Wu)幼鱼的急性毒性试验。试验结果显示,高锰酸钾、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂、敌百虫和甲醛对硬刺松潘裸鲤幼鱼的24 h半致死浓度(24 h LC50)分别为4.57、2.74、8.00和54.69 mg/L,48 h半致死浓度(48 h LC50)分别为4.13、2.35、7.34和47.03 mg/L;96 h半致死浓度(96 h LC50)分别为3.37、1.92、4.76和40.44 mg/L;其安全浓度分别为1.01、0.52、1.85和10.43 mg/L。根据国家标准和本实验数据表明,甲醛对硬刺松潘裸鲤幼鱼微毒,高锰酸钾、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂和敌百虫对其中毒。 相似文献
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Aires Oliva-Teles 《Aquaculture International》2000,8(6):477-492
European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream(Sparus aurata) are amongst the most important finfish speciescultured in the Mediterranean region. Production of these species isnowadays a well-controlled process, but knowledge of their nutritionalrequirements is still very limited. Nevertheless, a considerable amountof data has been accumulated in recent years, and the purpose of thispaper is to review the recent advances on the nutritional requirementsof sea bass and sea bream. The optimum protein to energy ratio of thediets of sea bass and sea bream seem to be higher than for salmonids,and there is some evidence that high dietary lipid levels have nobeneficial effects on fish performances. Although the essential aminoacid requirements were estimated by the ideal protein method, data basedon the dose-response method is only available for a few amino acids.Essential fatty acid requirements were estimated for sea bream juvenilesbut data is lacking for sea bass. Vitamin and mineral requirements ofthese species are practically unknown. Although the importance ofbroodstock nutrition on gonadal development, spawning and egg quality isrecognized, few studies were done to elucidate these aspects. The recentdevelopment of microparticulate diets for larvae will contribute to theaccurate evaluation of their nutritional requirements. 相似文献
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Dermal spicules (or ‘ossicles’) of cultured sea cucumbers can be fluorescently marked with tetracycline and calcein for sea ranching and restocking but optimal immersion conditions are unknown. Lethal and non-lethal effects, and the efficacy of marking spicules in juvenile sandfish (Holothuria scabra), were examined under different immersion conditions. Fluorescence brightness and the proportion of marked spicules generally increased with concentration and duration of immersion. Frequency of burial (an indicator of stress) in sandfish increased with both fluorochromes at concentrations above 50 mg L− 1. Growth in the two weeks post-marking was unaffected at immersion concentrations of 50 and 100 mg L− 1 compared to controls, but appeared inhibited by immersion in solutions of 200 and 400 mg L− 1 of tetracycline or calcein. Sequential marking by tetracycline (yellow) and calcein (green), in either order, showed that calcein was deposited in a higher proportion of spicules. Three other fluorochromes with disparate colors, alizarin complexone, calcein blue and xylenol orange, also marked sandfish spicules and expanded the variety of dichromic combinations. Both tetracycline and calcein fluoresced more brightly when juveniles were marked at 26 or 30 °C than at 21 °C, and this low temperature appears also to reduce the proportion of spicules marked by tetracycline. Our findings show that seawater temperature should be regulated for ex situ immersion marking. The behavioral and biological sensitivities of sandfish demand care in administering the fluorochromes. Fluorochrome immersion at 100 mg L− 1 for 24 h at ≥26 °C provides a practical compromise between minimizing the fitness of released juveniles and ensuring the efficacy of the markers for studies on the growth and survival of sea cucumbers stocked in the wild. 相似文献
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Modelling sea lice dispersion under varying environmental forcing in a Scottish sea loch 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The spread of infectious larval sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1838), between wild salmonids and farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , remains a contentious area of uncertainty. However, as laboratory and field experiments increase our knowledge of sea lice behaviour under environmental forcing, numerical modelling tools can be used to predict the spread of infectious sea louse larvae from a point source. A three-dimensional numerical model has been developed and recently validated within Loch Torridon, a fjordic sea loch on the west coast of Scotland. Output from the numerical model is used to drive a particle tracking model which follows statistical representations of sea lice through the planktonic stages of a louse life cycle. By including maturation and mortality, the models can be used to predict the dispersion and transport of infectious sea lice from a point source and can be used to produce maps of infectivity under varying environmental conditions. Results highlight the importance of the wind-driven circulation for larval lice transport and suggest that local environmental conditions have considerable impact on the probability of sea lice infection spreading between wild and farmed fish populations. 相似文献
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根据1994年6月至1996年6月二年整6艘单拖调查船的调查资料，采用资源密度法，评估了26°00＇-31°00＇N、120°30＇-127°30＇E约40-200m水深范围87个渔区头足类及其主要种类的资源量，阐明了头足类及主要种类资源密度的季节变化和时空分布，提出可捕量，为今后利用和管理提供科学的理论依据。 相似文献
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Incidental captures of sea turtles by swordfish and albacore longlines in the Ionian sea 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ABSTRACT: Incidental catches in pelagic longline fishing pose a serious threat to sea turtle populations throughout the world's seas and oceans. In this work, carried out in the framework of the EC-DG-Fisheries 98/008 project, information on sea turtle catch rates from swordfish and albacore longline fishing activities observed in Italian waters off the Ionian Sea during 1999 and 2000, are reported. In addition, biometric data, health status, and tagging return rate of sea turtles captured are provided. A total of 200 sea turtles were caught (198 loggerhead turtles and 2 green turtles), comprising 0.5–15.7% of the total catch in number of individuals. The estimates of the sea turtles caught by the total fishing effort of both longlines in the whole study area were 1084 specimens in 1999 (95% CI = 667–1502) and 4447 specimens in 2000 (95% CI = 3189–5705). Although all sea turtles were released alive, nearly half of them had hooks that could not be removed and remained deeply embedded in the digestive tract. 相似文献