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玉米多胞质雄性不育杂交种冀玉988的选育及利用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
不育化制种主要在于保证杂交种子的质量及降低其生产成本。多胞质杂交种的利用主要拓宽胞质异质性，增强杂交种对环境的适应能力与防范小斑病菌新的专化小种的严重为害。本研究以优良玉米新品种冀玉988（6048×黄选921．6）为背景，以s组的s，M，R与21A及C组的Rb，Bb与Es雄性不育细胞质（CMS）为试材，将母本6048转育成同核异质体，不育性稳定。父本921．6对21A，s与R三种CMS具有强恢复性。本研究论证了多胞质杂交种在生产上利用的可行性。冀玉988已配制成具有恢复性能的多胞质雄性不育杂交种，可用于生产。 相似文献
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经过我国农业科技工作者的不懈努力,我国在利用雄性不育性,培育作物新品种方面取得了可喜的成就。一、雄性不育性在玉米杂种优势上的研究应用自从Rhoades·M·M1931年首先发现玉米雄性不育系以来,世界各地先后发现了多种玉米细胞质雄性不育系.现已发现玉米雄性不育胞质100多种。根据自交系对不育胞质育性恢复的反应不同—现主要划分为T、C、S三大组群。近年来又发现一些新的不育类型,如Y型。据秦泰辰等对Y型不育系的研究,确定Y型不育系在花粉发育期间的解体方式与时间、遗传机制的恢复和抗病上均不同于T、C、S群。 相似文献
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高粱A3细胞质雄性不育的研究与利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高粱A3细胞质雄性不育系花药肥大,黄色,可散落出部分花粉,但散落出来的花粉无效,自交套袋不结实,雄性不育性稳定。大多数高粱品系对A3细胞质雄性不育表现保持,具有优良性状的多数品系可转育为A3细胞质雄性不育系,这些不育系具有丰产性好、育性稳定、抗败育等特点。A3细胞质雄性不育恢复源很少,只有极少数高粱品系能恢复其育性,恢复度在40%~95%之间。A3细胞质雄性不育恢复源少且恢复系难以选育,是A3细胞质雄性不育研究的主要障碍,解决高粱A3细胞质雄性不育恢复系的选育问题,是实现A3细胞质雄性不育利用的关键。此文主要对高粱A3细胞质雄性不育恢复系和A3细胞质雄性不育系选育及杂交种选育和应用、高粱A3细胞质雄性不育育性遗传表达等方面进行了阐述,以期育种者重视A3细胞质雄性不育的研究。 相似文献
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玉米雄性不育的转育及应用研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
测定了141个玉米自交系对雄性不育胞质的育性反应,其中有33个系同时测定了对 C 型和 S 型(M 型)的反应。结果得出,自330、白自330、多黄15、525、D 729等5系为两型的共同恢复系,大多数自交系对不育类型呈专效作用,表明两类不育型的遗传基础有差异。M 型与 S 型的育性反应基本一致。育性稳定性研究表明,C 型很稳定,不易受环境 相似文献
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Two male-sterile lines, KalashreeA and PadminiA, with a Miz.21 cytoplasm source were developed through indica/indica hybridization followed by repeated backcrossing with their respective recurrent male parents (Kalashree and Padmini) up to the BC6 generation. These two cytoplasmic male-sterile lines are suitable for use in the development of hybrids for lowland situations owing to their intermediate to semi-tall stature, late flowering duration, good grain quality and easy fertility restoration ability. 相似文献
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【目的】研究A3细胞质在饲草高粱育种上的利用。【方法】① A3细胞质雄性不育系选育利用;② A3细胞质雄性不育系的育性反应;③ 杂交种选育。【结果】以A3398为不育源,SX-1为基础材料,经连续八代回交转育,于1996年育成新型细胞质不育系A3SX-1A,该系具有抗败育、长根茎、抗旱耐深播,综合农艺性状优良等特点。目前应用该系已育成3个杂交种,其中晋草1号已通过审定,在全国20余个省区大面积推广。【结论】A3细胞质在饲草高粱育种和生产中的成功利用,丰富了高粱杂交种的遗传基础,增加了高粱杂交种类型和饲草新类型 相似文献
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Most of the cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile (CMS) lines of soybean were developed only from a limited cytoplasm sources and performed not as good as required in hybrid seed production, therefore, to explore new male-sterile cytoplasm sources should be one of the effective ways to improve the pollination and hybridization for a better pod-set in utilization of heterosis of soybeans. In the present study, total 80 crosses between 70 cultivated and annual wild soybean accessions and three maintainers (N2899, N21249, and N23998) of NJCMS1A were made for detecting potential new sources with male-sterile cytoplasm. The results showed that in addition to the crosses with N8855.1 (the cytoplasm donor parent of NJCMS1A) and its derived line NG99-893 as cytoplasm parent, there appeared three crosses, including N21566 × N21249 and N23168 × N21249, with male-sterile plants in their progenies. According to the male fertility performance of backcrosses and reciprocal crosses with the tester N21249, the landrace N21566 and annual wild soybean accession N23168 were further confirmed to have male-sterile cytoplasm. Accordingly, it was understood that the source with male-sterile cytoplasm in soybean gene pool might be not occasional. The results also showed that the genetic system of male sterility of the newly found cytoplasm source N21566 was different from the old cytoplasm source N8855.1, while N23168 was to be further studied. Based on the above results, the derived male-sterile plants from [(N21566 × N21249) F1 × N21249] BC1F1 were back-crossed with the recurrent parent N21249 for five successive times, and a new CMS line and its maintainer line, designated as NJCMS3A and NJCMS3B, respectively, were obtained. NJCMS3A had normal female fertility and stable male sterility. Its microspore abortion was mainly at middle uninucleate stage, earlier than that of NJCMS1A and NJCMS2A. The male fertility of F1s between NJCMS3A and 20 pollen parents showed that 7 accessions could restore its male fertility and other 13 could maintain its male sterility. The male sterility of NJCMS3A and its restoration were controlled by one pair of gametophyte male-sterile gene according to male fertility segregation of crosses between NJCMS3A and three restorers. The nuclear gene(s) of male sterility in NJCMS3A appeared different from the previously reported CMS lines, NJCMS1A and NJCMS2A. The development of NJCMS3A demonstrated the feasibility to discover new CMS system through choosing maintainers with suitable nuclear background. 相似文献
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高粱雄性不育系、保持系正负极向过氧化物酶同工酶的电泳比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对高粱雄性不育系、保持系不同生长发育阶段叶片中的正、负极向过氧化物酶同工酶进行了检测。结果表明,叶片中正极向过氧化物酶同工酶谱两者基本相同,说明正极向过氧化物酶在不同生长发育时期是稳定的。负极区域中,在叶片发育过程中有2条酶带消失,证明在这个区域中遗传信息出现顺序表达现象。花粉粒发育过程中,不育系的正极向过氧化物酶带始终多于保持系。作者认为,不育细胞质基因可影响编码过氧化物酶的核基因的表达,引起雄性不育。不育细胞质基因可能也同时具有调节基因的功能,表现为具有解除阻遏的作用,使不育系花粉粒发育过程中部分过氧化物酶基因得以表达;而保持系不具有这种解除阻遏的细胞质不育基因,使部分基因仍处于阻遏状态,造成保持系中过氧化物酶同工酶谱带少于不育系的现象。不育细胞质基因的这种调控作用,同样有可能影响核基因遗传功能的正常发挥,引起核质之间的不协调而导致雄性不育。 相似文献
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生长素和玉米素与玉米细胞质雄性不育性关系的研究 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
研究了玉米Mo17背景三种不育细胞质类型（T.C.S）及正常保持系（N）在小孢子发生及败育过程中花药组织生长素，玉米素的含量及其变化，发现细胞质雄性不育系花药组织中的“生长素亏损——玉米素盈积”现象。同时设计的玉米素、生长素外源喷施实验也表明了其对雄性育性的逆转效应。讨论了这两种植物激素对玉米雄性不育性的调控 相似文献
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Summary The main constraint of using Ogura male-sterile cytoplasm in Brassica is the induction of leaf yellowing at low temperature and the low seed set. But whether or not the cytoplasm can disturb the general commerical performance of the plants is not well-known. Therefore, this work was carried out with the purpose of evaluating Ogura cytoplasmic male-sterile cabbage hybrids and compare them to genomic similar male-fertile ones and to the most popular cabbage hybrid cultivated in Brazil. Harvest data showed an effect of the cytoplasm on reducing plant and head weight, core length and head length and width, although not altering heading index, shape and core indexes, nor head compactness. On the other hand, it was observed also that a careful selection of the parental lineages can produce male-sterile hybrids as good as their male-fertile analogues. All the evaluated hybrids were similar or better than the check for the characteristics under study.Abbreviations dat -
days after transplanting
- CNPH -
National Center for Vegetable Crops Research 相似文献
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杂交稻野败胞质对稻瘟病菌、白叶枯病菌感病性的研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
选用3个水稻野败胞质不育系及相应的保持系,3个恢复系及它们相应的野败胞质代换系,这些不育系、保持系同恢复系配组的18个 F_1,分别在秧苗期接种属我国7个稻瘟病生理小种群的21个菌株;在成株期接种15个白叶枯病菌株。结果表明,野败胞质较之正常胞质表现对这两种病菌感病稍轻;这种差异在多数保持系的基因型背景下达到显著水准, 相似文献
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小麦雄性不育系保持系过氧化物酶同工酶的比较研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从小麦雄性不育系、保持系的10个不同组织、器官中共检测出8种过氧化物酶,在叶、芽鞘、根、节、节间、穗轴、叶鞘和芒中,不育系和保持系的过氧化物酶基本相同,说明这种酶由细胞核编码,但在花粉粒发育的3个不同时期,不育系与保持系间的过氧化物酶有明显差异,表现为不育系中的过氧化物酶同工酶多于保持系,这可能是由于不育系中细胞质不育基因对核基因的表达有调控作用,这种调控作用表现为不育细胞质基因的去阻遏作用,即不育细胞质基因可以去除细胞核中编码过氧化物酶基因的阻遏作用,使不育系中有更多的过氧化物酶基因得以表达,造成不育系中过氧化物酶同工酶多于保持系的现象. 相似文献
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玉米雄性不育细胞质细胞色素氧化酶活性及ATP含量的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
研究了玉米ＭＯ１７背景三种雄性不育细胞质（Ｔ．Ｃ．Ｓ）及正常细胞质（Ｎ）系小孢子发育过程中花药组织细胞色素氧化酶活性,ＡＴＰ含量及其变化。发现各不育胞质细胞素氧化酶活性及ＡＴＰ含量的下降。讨论了玉米雄性不育细胞质的能量亏损现象。 相似文献