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1.
Caffeoylserotonin (CaS) is a serotonin derivative that belongs to the family of phenylpropanoid amides, but has not previously been identified in plants. In this study, pepper fruits challenged with the anthracnose fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, were found to synthesize CaS, which accumulated at concentrations of up to 2.3 μg/g fresh weight. The induction of CaS was accompanied by the upregulation of both 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) and serotonin N-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (SHT) in unripe pepper fruits. However, no induction of SHT and 4CL was observed in ripe pepper fruits consistent with the lower level of CaS production.  相似文献   

2.
From 2002 to 2006, plant growth promoting effects of Bacillus M3, Bacillus OSU-142 and Microbacterium FS01 were tested alone or in combination on apple (Malus domestica L.) cv. Granny Smith in terms of yield, growth and nutrient composition of leaves in the province of Malatya, Turkey. The presence of M3 and/or OSU-142 and/or FS01 combinations stimulated plant growth and resulted in significant yield increases in Granny Smith. Root inoculation of PGPR strains significantly increased cumulative yield (26.0–88.0%), fruit weight (13.9–25.5%), shoot length (16.4–29.6%) and shoot diameter (15.9–18.4%) compared with the control. In addition, all nutrient element contents (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn and Zn) investigated in Granny Smith, except Mg was significantly affected by bacterial applications compared with the control. The highest N content (3.38%) was obtained from OSU-142 + FS01 application. Phosphorus contents of leaves of Granny Smith increased from 0.29% in the control to 0.42, 0.37, 0.36, 0.36 and 0.35% by M3, M3 + FS01, M3 + OSU-142, OSU-142 and M3 + OSU-142 + FS01 application, respectively. All bacterial applications significantly increased Ca content of leaves. The highest K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn content of leaves were obtained from OSU-142, M3, FS01, M3 and M3 + FS01 applications, respectively. The results of this study suggest that Bacillus M3 and/or OSU-142 and/or Microbacterium FS01 in combination have the potential to increase the yield, growth and nutrition of apple trees.  相似文献   

3.
苹果MdFT基因对番茄的遗传转化   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
 通过RT2PCR扩增, 从苹果叶片cDNA中克隆了FT基因的同源基因MdFT, 构建了花椰菜病毒35S启动子驱动的MdFT植物表达载体35S: : MdFT, 并利用根癌农杆菌介导法将其导入番茄栽培品种‘中蔬四号’; 同时转化拟南芥A tFT基因作为阳性对照。从添加卡那霉素的筛选培养基上再生了抗性植株,PCR扩增证明, 外源基因MdFT和AtFT已经整合到转基因番茄的基因组, 半定量RT-PCR则证明它们已经在转基因番茄中得到异位过量表达。形态鉴定发现, 转基因番茄植株比非转基因对照植株开花早, 表明成功地从苹果中克隆了成花素基因MdFT, 该基因具有通过转基因缩短苹果树童期的潜在价值。  相似文献   

4.
The biosynthesis of N-hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs), such as feruloyltyramine, p-coumaroyltyramine, feruloylserotonin, and p-coumaroylserotonin, in pepper plants was investigated in view of the activity of their corresponding enzymes and substrate levels. Almost all HCAAs were found in flowers, whereas the enzyme activity essential for HCAA biosynthesis seemed to be expressed constitutively in all tissues tested. The highest levels of the biogenic amines tyramine and serotonin, the key amine substrates, were also found in flowers, indirectly suggesting that the amine substrates play an important regulatory role in the synthesis of HCAAs.  相似文献   

5.
A relatively rapid, practical and reliable procedure for in vitro production of tetraploid tomato using colchicine is described. Using this procedure 11.11% generation of tetraploids was obtained after exposure of seedling shoot meristem explants with 8 mM colchicine for 96 h. Confirmation of tetraploid production (2n = 48), was determined by flow cytometry and verified by cytogenetic analysis of root tip preparations. The results indicate that the procedure is adequate for induction and screening of tetraploid tomato plantlets.  相似文献   

6.
拟南芥花期基因FT 转化切花菊‘神马’   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
 采用RT-PCR 方法从拟南芥叶片中克隆FT 基因,经过测序分析、酶切之后,连接到植物表达载体Super1300+,构建植物重组载体FT- Super1300+,运用农杆菌介导法将FT 基因导入切花菊‘神马’中,鉴定其在转化植株体内的整合和表达。扩增得到的基因片段经测序分析与GenBbank 上的FT 基因同源性为100%;构建的植物表达载体经过酶切分析证实外源基因已经正确插入;转化后得到了29 株抗性植株,PCR 和PCR-Southern 杂交结果显示,8 株抗性植株为阳性,说明外源基因整合到转化植株的基因组中。RT-PCR 鉴定结果表明外源基因在转化植株叶片中表达。其中转FT 基因的一个株系在组培条件下分化出花芽,表明转基因植株花芽分化不受光周期影响,可以提前花期。  相似文献   

7.
During 2003 and 2005, plant growth promoting effects of Pseudomonas BA-8 and Bacillus OSU-142 were tested alone or combinations on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cv. 0900 Ziraat in terms of yield, growth, nutrient composition of leaves in the province of Konya, Turkey. The presence of Pseudomonas BA-8, Bacillus OSU-142 and BA-8 + OSU-142 stimulated plant growth and resulted in significant yield increase. Floral and foliar applications of BA-8, OSU-142 and BA-8 + OSU-142 in sweet cherry significantly increased yield per trunk cross-sectional area (16.3, 10.9 and 21.7%), fruit weight (4.15, 5.37 and 1.24%) and shoot length (11.3, 11.8 and 29.6%), respectively, compared with the control. In addition, N, P and K contents of sweet cherry leaves with BA-8, OSU-142 and BA-8 + OSU-142 treatments, Fe and Zn contents of leaves with BA-8 + OSU-142 treatment and Mn content of the leaves of sweet cherry with BA-8 and OSU-142 applications significantly increased. Nitrogen, P and K contents in leaves were determined to be increased from 2.00, 0.17 and 0.43% in the control to 2.19, 0.20 and 0.54% by BA-8 application, to 2.32, 0.24 and 0.54% by OSU-142 application and to 2.43, 0.22 and 0.51% by BA-8 + OSU-142 application, respectively. Co-inoculation of BA-8 + OSU-142 increased Fe and Zn contents of leaves up to 50.5 and 35.5% compared with the control, respectively. Manganese content of leaves significantly also increased by BA-8 (26.6%) and OSU-142 (27.0%) applications compared with the control. The results of the present study suggested that Pseudomonas BA-8 and Bacillus OSU-142 alone or in combination have a great potential to increase the yield, growth and nutrition of sweet cherry plant.  相似文献   

8.
In this study, seedlings of tomato were treated with salt stress or alkali stress. The growth, photosynthesis and concentrations of solutes and inorganic ions in tissue sap of stressed seedlings were measured to investigate the physiological adaptive mechanisms by which tomato tolerates alkali stress. The alkali stress clearly inhibited growth and photosynthesis. With increasing salinity, the Na+ concentration and Na+/K+ ratio in leaves increased, with greater degrees of increase under alkali than under salt stress. This indicated that high-pH caused by alkali stress might affect the control of roots on Na+ uptake and increased the intracellular Na+ to a toxic level, which might be the main cause of reductions of stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rates under alkali stress. Under salt stress, organic acids (OAs), Na+, K+ and Cl− were the main osmolytes in both roots and leaves. Under alkali stress, roots and leaves revealed different mechanisms of ion balance and osmotic regulation. Under alkali stress, in roots, OAs and Na+ were the main osmolytes, and the osmotic role of K+ was small; however, in leaves, OAs, Na+ and K+ all played important osmotic roles. The mechanisms governing ionic balance under both stresses were different. Under salt stress, the contribution of inorganic ions to keep ion balance was greater than that of OAs. However, under alkali stress, Cl−, H2PO4− and SO42− concentrations decreased, and tomato might have enhanced OA synthesis to compensate for the shortage of inorganic anions.  相似文献   

9.
拟南芥耐寒基因AtCOR15a由冷诱导启动子RD29A控制后,重组进双元表达载体,经根癌农杆菌介导,将该基因导入‘Ailsa Craig’番茄。研究发现,筛选出的3个高表达转基因株系的耐寒性比野生型显著增强;外源基因AtCOR15a的表达量在低温处理过程中呈现先增后降的变化趋势,且在处理6h达到最大值;在冷胁迫下,该基因的表达促进了转基因植株中SlDehydrin-like(Sl DEHL)和SlDehydrin Ci7(SlCi7)等内源冷诱导基因的表达,降低了细胞膜透性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,减少了活性氧H_2O_2和O_2~.的积累,增强了超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶等活性氧清除酶的活性,提高了游离脯氨酸含量。因此,AtCOR15a异源表达能够显著增强转基因番茄的耐寒性。  相似文献   

10.
抗黄萎病基因StVe转化番茄的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
 为了验证克隆自水茄（Solanum torvum Swartz）的StVe基因功能,将StVe连入中间载体p35S-2300::gus::noster的BamHⅠ和SacⅠ位点,取代gus基因构建植物双元表达载体p35S-2300::StVe::noster;用农杆菌介导法转化樱桃番茄22号获得了72株卡那霉素抗性植株,PCR和Southern blot检测确认有5株为阳性植株;RT-PCR结果显示,StVe在转基因番茄植株间的转录水平表达存在差异;PDA平板抑菌实验显示,转StVe基因番茄叶片总可溶蛋白具有抑制番茄黄萎病菌生理小种1（Verticillium dahliae race 1）生长的作用。  相似文献   

11.
Cucumber chilling-resistant cultivar Changchun mici and -sensitive cultivar Beijing jietou were used in this study to investigate the effects of exogenous PAs on protection against chilling injury as well as on changes of physiological features, and the fluctuation of free PAs content in the leaves under chilling stress. Upon chilling treatment, free spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm) and putrescine (Put) were remarkably induced in the leaves of cv. Changchun mici 1 day after treatment. The induction of Put declined thereafter, whereas Spd and Spm levels increased steadily. In the leaves of cv. Beijing jietou, Put content was increased only at 1 day after chilling while Spd content decreased significantly upon chilling treatment. Chilling reduced soluble protein content, and decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) only in Beijing jietou. However, these changes could be renovated by exogenous application of Put and Spd. It was also found that pretreatment with Put and Spd diminished the increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content caused by chilling in the leaves of both cultivars. Pretreatment of methyglyoxal-bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), the PAs biosynthetic inhibitor cancelled the effects of PAs in most of the treatments. Moreover, histochemical staining and quantitative measurements showed that exogenous application of Put and Spd eliminated but MGBG exaggerated the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation caused by chilling stress, especially in leaves of Beijing jietou. Interestingly, Changchun mici was found to contain higher endogenous free PAs contents compared to Beijing jietou. While no significant difference of SOD, POD and CAT activities was found between non-chilling Changchun mici and Beijing jietou seedlings, the former exhibited higher APX activity than the latter. These results suggest that PAs play important roles in the tolerance of cucumber against chilling stress, which is most likely achieved by acting as oxidative machinery against chilling injury.  相似文献   

12.
The effects of the NH4:NO3 ratio in replenishment solution on Rosa L. flower yield and the impact of NH4 substitution by urea on plant performance and on solution EC and pH have not been studied previously in closed (no leaching) hydroponic systems. A greenhouse experiment with six NH4:NO3:urea ratios (0:100:0, 12:88:0, 25:75:0, 50:50:0, 100:0:0 and 0:50:50) and two harvest cycles (winter and spring) was carried out to investigate these relationships. In winter, total and >40 cm cut flower yields were maximal in treatment 25:75:0. At lower NH4 percentages (12.5:87.5:0 and 0:100:0), growth container solution pH varied between 7.8 and 8.5, reducing P, Ca and Mn concentration in leaves and increasing dry matter allocated to them. At higher NH4 percentages, Ca uptake was inhibited, solution pH reached 3, and %P in leaves increased. Consequently, reducing sugars concentration in leaves increased and sucrose and starch concentrations decreased. A stepwise regression analysis indicated that the optimal NH4:NO3 ratio in feed solution is 40:60, with resulting solution pH of 5.9 in the growth container. In spring the maximum yield was obtained in treatment 0:50:50 and it exceeded the winter yield despite a higher solution EC (4.3 dS m−1 vs. 3.5 dS m−1 at harvest). The beneficial effect of urea (0:50:50 vs. 50:50:0) stemmed from the relatively lower NH4 concentration in solution, that alleviated the NH4–Ca uptake competition, and higher pH. The slope of the straight line relating [H+ efflux rate] to [NH4+ uptake rate] in treatments 25:75:0, 50:50:0 and 100:0:0 was 0.44 mol H+/mol NH4. In all other treatments the proton efflux was negligible.  相似文献   

13.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,105(3):393-409
Transgenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) line was developed that over-expressed tomato MT-sHSP to study the role of MT-sHSP in imparting tolerance to high temperature to vegetative part. T0 and T1 generation lines of transgenic tomato and wild type were used for molecular and physiological characterization for thermotolerance. Plants were grown at optimum (26/20 °C) and two supra-optimum, viz. ST1 (30/22 °C) and ST2 (32/25 °C) day/night temperature cycles. Plant height, leaf area, as well as assimilation (PN), leaf cell membrane thermostability (LCMT), and night respiration were recorded. The T0 and T1 lines showed increased thermotolerance under both supra-optimum temperatures. Moreover, PN did not limit the vegetative and reproductive growth under elevated temperatures. After exposure to heat-shock, the wild type and during growth at elevated temperature the transgenic line accumulated proline in the leaf, though more in wild type. Results of the LCMT clearly showed that wild type possessed more heat acclimation potential during growth at elevated temperature than the transgenic line. Further, the expression of MT-sHSP by both the transgenic and wild type under optimum temperature and after heat-shock, respectively, showed that transformation of tomato genome for high temperature tolerance could be a reality; the transformation by itself did not affect the expression of the gene for MT-sHSP. We found that a correlation exists between thermotolerance and both T0 and T1 generations of tomato plants and also inheritance of the MT-sHSP gene in T1 progeny. It is assumed that MT-sHSP is just not expressed by plants under heat-shock, but has a unique function involved in thermotolerance. Specific role of the MT-sHSP in thermotolerance, however, need to be ascertained by in vitro studies.  相似文献   

14.
叶霞  黄晓德  姚泉洪  章镇 《园艺学报》2007,34(2):489-492
利用农杆菌介导的转化方法将菜豆铁结合蛋白基因（PvFer）导入‘粉红 908’番茄基因组中。经PCR、PCR-Southern、Southern blotting检测证实,外源基因已整合到2株番茄基因组中。半定量式RT-PCR检测表明,外源菜豆铁结合蛋白基因在2株转基因植株中得到了表达。测定番茄果实和叶片中铁、锌、锰含量表明,转ferritin基因株系T1的叶片铁含量提高了174%,果实中的铁含量提高了37%,锌在果实中提高了119%,而锰在果实中的含量却降低了56%。  相似文献   

15.
Increased need for salinity tolerant turfgrasses continues due to increased use of saline water for lawn irrigation and turfgrass establishment on highly saline soil in arid and seashore regions. Turfgrasses growing on saline soil suffer from long-term salinity stress, so this experiment was conducted to study the salinity tolerance, growth, and physiological responses of four warm season turfgrasses [including ‘Diamond’ zoysiagrass (Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.), ‘Z080’ zoysiagrass (Z. japonica Steud.), ‘C291’ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers), and ‘Adalayd’ seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.)] to 9 months of salinity stress. Seven salinity levels of irrigation water (0, 90, 180, 360, 540, 720, and 900 mM NaCl) were applied to turfgrasses grown in plastic tubes in a glass room. The salinity tolerance decreased in the following order according to percent green leaf canopy area after 9 months of salinity treatments: ‘Diamond’ > ‘Adalayd’ > ‘C291’ > ‘Z080’. Leaf weight, leaf length, canopy height, shoot density were significantly affected by salinity treatments for all turfgrasses. However, leaf width and/or leaf number per shoot were not affected by salinity in all turfgrasses except ‘Diamond’. Leaf and/or root water contents were also little affected. As salinity increased, leaf and root Na+ concentrations and Na+/K+ rates increased significantly and K+ concentrations decreased significantly except that of ‘Adalayd’ leaf. ‘Diamond’ and ‘Z080’ could reduce Na+ accumulation in the leaves by salt secretion from salt glands, while ‘Adalayd’ could exclude Na+ from the leaves and accumulate K+ in the leaves. ‘C291’ exhibited both ion regulation mechanisms, but to much less extent. Different growth responses and ion regulation means of four turfgrasses reflected different salinity tolerance mechanisms.  相似文献   

16.
An efficient procedure is outlined for rapid and mass in vitro propagation of an orchid, Dendrobium draconis Rchb. f. through in vitro culture of thin cross-sections (TCSs) derived from young stems. The TCS explants were excised along the stem from the base to shoot tip of 6-month-old plantlets and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 20 g/l sucrose and different concentrations of N6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kn) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), either individually or in combination. Protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) were directly induced from the TCS explants and completely developed into shoots within 6–7 weeks. The optimal growth regulators combination for maximal PLB development was 2 mg/l BA and 1.0 mg/l NAA, giving rise to 68% of responding explants with an average 11 PLBs per explant. Shoot development was best achieved on MS medium containing sucrose and coconut water. Plantlets, 6–8 cm height were transplanted into coconut husk peat with 92% survival rate in a nursery.  相似文献   

17.
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18.
柑橘不同器官内源游离多胺的年周期变化   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
对32年生特洛伊(Troyer)枳橙砧(Citrussinensis×Poncirustrifoliata)华盛顿脐橙犤Citrussinensis(L.)Osbeck犦及8年生枳砧犤Poncirustrifoliata(L.)Raf.犦宫川温州蜜柑(CitrusunshiuMarc.)进行了内源游离多胺年变化规律的研究。结果表明:柑橘不同器官在生长发育的重要时期均伴随着多胺含量的变化,春梢叶片内源多胺含量随叶龄增加而上升,在越冬期急剧增加达全年最高峰,尤以精胺含量增加显著;花期以腐胺含量变化最大,盛花期达高峰,谢花后迅速下降;果实多胺总量变化与横径增长呈平行关系。前期腐胺上升较快,后期主要以亚精胺和精胺增加为主。果皮内源多胺含量大于果肉部分,占果实含量2/3左右。  相似文献   

19.
以番茄(Solanum lycopericum)超表达桃SnRK1(蔗糖非发酵蛋白激酶–1)基因PpSnRK1α的株系及野生型为试材,研究在养分供应不足时SnRK1对植株生长的影响。结果表明,低营养条件下,转基因番茄叶片和根系中的Sn RK1酶活性比野生型高41.55%和39.46%;功能叶片的净光合速率平均比野生型高18.98%;低营养胁迫12 d的叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性比野生型高35.56%、28.85%和14.90%;根系活力比野生型高26.39%;茎和叶中氮磷含量显著高于野生型,钾含量两者差别不大,在根系中氮磷含量差别不大,而钾含量显著高于野生型,且氮素向地上部茎和叶中的分配比率增加。上述结果说明,在营养缺乏条件下,超表达PpSnRK1α可以提高番茄功能叶净光合速率,促进植株对氮素的吸收利用,从而延缓叶片衰老。  相似文献   

20.
The effect of supplementary phosphorus on growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Target F1) plants grown at high boron was investigated. The results showed that high B reduced dry matter, fruit yield and chlorophyll content. High B plus 0.5 or 1 mM P increased plant dry matter, fruit yield and chlorophyll concentrations as compared to high B treatments only. Membrane permeability was not increased significantly due to high B application. In the leaves of plants grown at high boron treatments, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) levels were increased. However, supplementary P to nutrient solution containing high B reduced the activities of the earlier mentioned enzymes in leaves but their levels were still higher than those at the control treatments. The study revealed that B status affects the activities of some antioxidant enzymes examined. Boron (B) concentrations increased in leaves and roots in the highest external B treatment as compared to the control treatment. Concentrations of Ca, P and K were significantly lower in the leaves of plants grown at high B than those in the control plants. Supplemented nutrient solution containing high B with 0.5 or 1 mM P increased the tissue concentrations of nutrients. These results indicate that supplementary P can mitigate the adverse effects of high B on fruit yield and growth in tomato plants.  相似文献   

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