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1.
东祁连山高寒草地返青期不同草地型土壤氮的分布特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本试验在东祁连山选择代表性的7种高寒草地型为研究对象,在返青期对其土壤微生物量氮、全氮、K2SO4浸提氮、碱解氮、氮密度及其相关性进行了研究。结果表明,土壤全氮、碱解氮和氮密度分别介于4.2~7.9 g/kg、104.1~234.0 mg/kg和0.38~0.61 kg/m2。2005和2006年土壤K2SO4浸提氮分别介于3.4~11.4和1.8~13.9 mg/kg,占土壤微生物量氮的3.93%~11.62%和3.88%~15.37%。微生物量氮在2005和2006年分别介于49.0~143.0 mg/kg和35.9~171.7 mg/kg;与K2SO4浸提碳在灌丛草地呈显著正相关(P<0.05),在草本草地呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);与K2SO4浸提氮在杜鹃灌丛和高山柳灌丛呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),在金露梅灌丛和草本草地呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。除嵩草草地外,微生物量氮与微生物量碳和微生物量磷呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。2005年K2SO4浸提氮和微生物量氮对土壤全氮贡献率分别为0.07%~0.16%和1.16%~1.93%。在东祁连山高寒草地,草地型间土壤全氮、碱解氮、K2SO4浸提氮及微生物量氮有明显差异,且草地型决定了微生物量氮的数量和生态分布,植物群落是影响微生物量氮数量和生态分布及其与土壤K2SO4浸提碳、氮相关性的关键因素之一;微生物量碳、氮、磷间的相关性由土壤微生物本身或其群落结构决定。 相似文献
2.
通过对石羊河下游4种不同类型荒漠草地黑果枸杞群落物种组成及土壤特性的研究,结果表明:1)所调查群落中共有植物31种,分属9科27属,其中灌木植物12种,多年生草本8种,一年生草本11种;单科单属种较多,占到了总科数的50%;且黑果枸杞在不同群落中优势地位明显,对群落的结构、生态系统功能及稳定性具有重要作用。2)相同土层不同类型荒漠草地,0~10cm、10~20cm、20~40cm及40~60cm下盐碱地有机碳含量最高,其值分别为1.08%、0.98%、0.89%、0.972%。与沙地相比,土壤有机碳(盐碱地)差异显著(P0.05),土壤速效钾盐碱地(除20~40cm外)和土壤全磷含量(盐碱地0~10cm)差异显著(P0.05),土壤全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、全钾含量没有显著性差异(P0.05)。同一类型荒漠草地不同土层,土壤有机碳、土壤有效磷(盐碱地)、土壤全钾(沙丘)、土壤全磷(盐碱地和砾石)具有明显的表聚效应。3)不同类型荒漠草地土壤微生物量总体表现为盐碱地沙地固定半固定沙地砾石,不同类型荒漠草地土壤微生物量差异不同,盐碱地中4种酶活性均为最高,同一类型荒漠草地不同土层,随着土层的加深,土壤微生物量和蔗糖酶逐渐减少。4)土壤有机质与微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮和磷酸酶、蔗糖酶呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与脲酶和过氧化氢酶呈显著正相关(P0.05);土壤全磷含量与脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与微生物量氮呈显著正相关(P0.05)。土壤速效钾含量与微生物量碳和磷酸酶呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。 相似文献
3.
东祁连山高寒草地牧草返青期土壤酶活性特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对东祁连山7种高寒草地型土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、中性磷酸酶活性及其与土壤理化性质的相关性等进行了研究,以期明确土壤酶活性的生态分布及其与土壤理化性质的相关性特征。结果表明,土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和中性磷酸酶的活性分别介于0.37-0.49 mL·g-1g·min-1、0.24-0.42 mg·g-1.24 h-1和1.14-3.03 mg·g-1,且脲酶和中性磷酸酶活性上层高于下层;样地间土壤酶活性差异明显,其中过氧化氢酶和中性磷酸酶活性多为草本草地高于灌丛草地,但脲酶多为灌丛草地高于草本草地;土壤酶与土壤含水量、容重、pH值、微生物量碳、氮和磷的相关性在不同草地型也有差异,如土壤脲酶与土壤含水量、pH值在珠芽蓼(Polygonum viviparumL.)草地、沼泽草地和嵩草(Kobresiasp.)草地呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)负相关,但在其他样地相关性不显著,且在土壤肥力较一致的金露梅(Dasiphora fruticosa)灌丛和沼泽草地相关性并不一致。因此,用土壤脲酶活性作为土壤肥力指标具有一定局限性。 相似文献
4.
松嫩草甸寸草苔群落土壤微生物量磷的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
松嫩草甸寸草苔群落是羊草群落轻微碱化演替的次生群落。对该群落土壤微生物量磷季节变化、垂直分布以及与土壤因子的关系进行初步研究。结果表明,0~10和20~30 cm土层微生物量磷的季节变化趋势呈明显的单峰曲线,峰值出现在8月;10~20 cm土层微生物量磷的季节变化不明显;表层(0~10 cm)土壤微生物量磷含量高于10~20和20~30 cm土层的含量。通径分析结果表明,速效氮、全磷、缓效钾以及土壤pH值和土壤温度对土壤微生物量磷的直接影响较大,而土壤速效磷主要是通过其他土壤因子间接影响土壤微生物量磷;紧实的土壤条件对土壤微生物代谢活动具有明显的限制作用,而土壤盐化状况对微生物代谢的限制作用不大。逐步回归分析结果表明,上层(0~20 cm)土壤全磷含量是促进土壤微生物量磷累积的重要因素,而下层(20~30 cm)土壤微生物对磷素的累积主要受到土壤可利用磷素的间接影响。 相似文献
5.
江河源区不同建植期人工草地土壤养分及微生物量磷和磷酸酶活性研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
研究了"黑土滩"退化草地上建植的2,4和6龄垂穗披碱草人工草地土壤养分、微生物量磷、中性磷酸酶活性变化以及它们之间的相互关系。结果表明,随建植期的增加,土壤pH值呈现先降低后升高的趋势,人工4龄草地土壤pH值最低,人工6龄草地最高。从时间尺度看,人工2龄草地土壤养分含量、土壤微生物量磷含量和土壤中性磷酸酶活性较"黑土滩"退化草地明显升高,随着建植期的增加,人工4龄草地各测定指标明显下降,而人工6龄草地各测定指标再次升高。4种草地土壤养分含量、微生物量磷含量和中性磷酸酶活性在土壤剖面中均呈现随土壤深度的增加而递减的趋势。相关分析结果表明,土壤微生物量磷与有机碳、全氮、速效氮和速效钾含量之间呈极显著正相关关系,与全磷含量间呈显著正相关关系;土壤中性磷酸酶活性与大多数土壤养分呈显著或极显著正相关关系,其中与土壤有机碳的相关系数最大;土壤微生物量磷与中性磷酸酶活性呈极显著正相关关系。 相似文献
6.
东祁连山不同高寒草地类型土壤表层碳、氮、磷密度特征 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
在青藏高原东祁连山以杜鹃灌丛、高山柳灌丛、金露梅灌丛、珠芽蓼草甸、禾草草地、沼泽草地和嵩草草地为研究对象,对土壤理化性质和土壤碳、氮、磷密度进行了研究.结果表明:2005年土壤表层碳、氮、磷密度分别介于4.66kg/m2～6.63 kg/m2、 0.31kg/m2～0.59 kg/m2和0.07kg/m2～0.16kg/m2,2006年分别介于5.27kg/m2～6.84kg/m2、0.40kg/m2～0.51 kg/m2和0.10kg/m2～0.20kg/m2;土壤碳、氮和磷密度受植物群落和根系分布特征影响,样地间及土层间差异明显. 相似文献
7.
贺兰山西坡不同海拔梯度草地土壤磷特征及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对贺兰山西坡不同海拔的不同类型草地土壤磷素的空间分布特征以及环境及植被因素对土壤磷素的影响进行了研究。结果表明,0-10和10-20cm土层土壤全磷(TP)含量随着海拔由高到低而显著降低;两土层中,土壤全磷与土壤有机碳、土壤中0.05mm粘粉粒含量及植被盖度之间呈显著正相关(P0.05),土壤全磷沿土壤剖面的垂直分布没有一致规律性;土壤速效磷含量随着海拔高度和草地类型的变化没有呈现出一定的变化规律,两土层中土壤速效磷/全磷比值(AP/TP)与土壤pH值以及年平均气温呈显著正相关(P0.05),说明该区土壤pH值和温度的变化能显著影响土壤磷的活化;多数样地0-10cm土层速效磷显著高于10-20cm土层,可能归因于植物对磷素的表聚作用。 相似文献
8.
东祁连山高寒灌丛草地土壤微生物量及土壤酶季节性动态特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验以东祁连山杜鹃灌丛草地、高山柳灌丛草地和金露梅灌丛草地为研究对象,对土壤微生物量和土壤酶的季节性动态等进行了研究。结果表明,土壤微生物量碳的季节动态表现为从5月到7月显著上升(P<0.05),之后到9月显著下降(P<0.05),9月到11月又略有上升,最大值和最小值分别出现在7月和9月;除高山柳灌丛草地土壤微生物量氮外,土壤微生物量氮和磷季节动态为从5月到9月显著下降(P<0.05),9月后又略有上升,但差异不显著,最大值在5月;土壤微生物量碳、氮和磷分别对土壤有机质、全氮和全磷的贡献率季节动态与微生物量碳、氮和磷季节动态基本一致;土壤微生物量碳氮比介于5.79~10.31,最大值出现在7月,最小值出现在9月,下层高于上层。在3个灌丛草地,脲酶季节动态表现为从5月到7月上升,7月之后下降,最大值出现在7月,最小值出现在11月;杜鹃灌丛草地和高山柳灌丛草地中性磷酸酶最大值在11月,但金露梅灌丛草地最大值在9月,该酶在3个灌丛草地季节动态差异明显,在杜鹃灌丛草地从5月到7月略上升,7月到9月显著下降(P<0.05),9月后显著上升(P<0.05),在金露梅灌丛则为从5月到9月上升,后下降,而在高山柳灌丛则为从5月到11月逐渐上升。 相似文献
9.
10.
土地利用方式对陇中黄土高原土壤理化性状的影响 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
对陇中黄土高原至少50年传统耕作历史的农耕地和退耕20年的草地土壤理化性状进行了比较研究。结果表明,1)不同土地利用方式对土壤有机碳、全氮、速效磷、pH值和容重有显著影响。0~10 cm土层土壤有机碳含量草地显著高于农田,全氮含量差异不显著,20~100 cm土层有机碳和全氮农田高于草地(P<0.05);土壤全磷含量农田虽高于草地但无显著差异。土壤C/N除0~10 cm土层外,农田高于草地。在整个土壤剖面上,草地土壤pH值显著高于农田(P<0.05);除10~20 cm和底层土壤外,草地土壤容重也高于农田。2)草地土壤有机碳和全氮随土壤深度增加而降低,而农田土壤在0~30 cm土层随土壤深度的增加而增加,在30 cm土层以下与草地有相同趋势。草地土壤全磷含量各土层间没有显著差异,农田土壤全磷含量与土壤有机碳和全氮含量变化趋势一致;草地和农田土壤速效磷含量都呈减少趋势。土壤pH值随土壤深度的增加而增加。3)各样地土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、速效磷与土壤容重和土壤pH值之间呈极显著负相关,土壤容重与土壤pH值呈极显著正相关,土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷和速效磷之间也呈极显著正相关关系。 相似文献
11.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1985,26(10):323-327
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.
Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.
相似文献12.
13.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1984,25(9):347-350
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.
Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.
相似文献14.
15.
Slocombe JO Villeneuve A 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1993,34(10):630-633
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
16.
Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1986,27(9):324-328
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).
Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献17.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1989,30(6):504-508
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
18.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.
Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.
相似文献19.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1988,29(8):641-646
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
20.
Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1987,28(8):491-495
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).
Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献