共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 484 毫秒
1.
水稻恶苗病病原菌的研究 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
1977~1987年采集103个稻恶苗病标本,分离后获8种镰刀菌。其中串珠镰孢(Fusarium moniliforme)的一个变种占总标本数的60.2%,其特征为:菌落生长直径2-4cm;大型分生孢子镰刀形,3-5隔;小型分生孢子卵形,串生和假头生;产孢细胞单、复粳并存;具厚垣孢子,球至亚球形。此变种定名为(F. moniliforme var. Zhejiangensis Wang et Chen var. nov.)。其他7种镰刀菌为木贼镰孢(F. equiseti),禾谷镰孢(F. graminearum),砖红镰孢(F. lateritium),雪腐镰孢(F. nivale),尖镰孢(F. oxysporum),半裸镰孢(F. semitectum),腐皮镰孢(F. solani)。试验证明,串珠镰孢浙江变种是水稻恶苗病的主要致病菌;其他6种(除腐皮镰孢未接种外)均有不同程度的弱致病性。串珠镰孢浙江变种也能侵染小小麦、大麦、玉米、西瓜、豌豆等作物的幼苗,并有徒长症状。 相似文献
2.
江苏省玉米茎腐病菌种类鉴定 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
作者于1992～1995年,从江苏省玉米主产区采集的玉米茎腐病标样中分离获得105个菌株,经鉴定,致病菌种类有肿囊腐霉(Pythium inflatum)、禾生腐霉(P.graminicola)、串珠镰孢浙江变种(Fusarium moniliforme var.zhejiangensis)、串珠镰孢中间变种(F.moniliforme var.intermedium)、串珠镰孢胶孢变种(F.moniliforme var.subglutinans)、禾谷镰孢(F.graminearum)、拟枝孢镰孢厚膜变种(F.sporotrichioides var.chlamydosporum)、尖孢镰孢芬芳变种(F.oxysporum var.redolens)、接骨木镰孢(F.sambucinum)、茄病镰孢(F.solani)、半裸镰孢(F.semitectum)等11个种或变种。其中串珠镰孢浙江变种出现频率最高,占44.8％,肿囊腐霉和禾生腐霉致病力最强,这两类菌是江苏玉米茎腐病主要病原。 相似文献
3.
4.
对2006年1月～2007年6月广东口岸1000多批进境的蔬菜种子进行了检验和病害鉴定,共鉴定出18属8种真菌病害,其中包括茄腐镰孢(Fusarium solani)、串珠镰孢(Fusarium moniliforme)、半裸镰刀菌(Fusarium semitectum)和芸苔生链格孢(Alternaria brassicola)等重要的植物致病菌。 相似文献
5.
采用吸水纸检验法,对北京地区22份辣椒(Capsicum annuum)种子样品的分析结果是:木贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equiseti)、串珠镰刀菌(F. moniliforme)、尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum)、半裸镰刀菌(F. semitectum)和茄病镰刀菌(F. solani)是5种常见的辣椒种生镰刀菌,其平均带菌率分别为1.0%,2.6%,0.1%,0.8%和0.2%。经发芽试验观察,在自然带菌的情况下,木贼镰刀菌,串珠镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌、半裸镰刀菌和茄病镰刀菌能分别使种子发芽率降低98.6%,39.8%、62.1%、2.7%和52.1%。经土壤接种法进行致病性测定,除半裸镰刀菌对植株无明显致病性反应外,其它4种镰刀菌均能不同程度地引起植株枯萎和其它病理症状。 相似文献
6.
辣椒种生镰刀菌及其病理学意义的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用吸水纸检验法,对北京地区22份辣椒(Capsicum annuum)种子样品的分析结果是:木贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equiseti)、串珠镰刀菌(F. moniliforme)、尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum)、半裸镰刀菌(F. semitectum)和茄病镰刀菌(F. solani)是5种常见的辣椒种生镰刀菌,其平均带菌率分别为1.0%,2.6%,0.1%,0.8%和0.2%。经发芽试验观察,在自然带菌的情况下,木贼镰刀菌,串珠镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌、半裸镰刀菌和茄病镰刀菌能分别使种子发芽率降低98.6%,39.8%、62.1%、2.7%和52.1%。经土壤接种法进行致病性测定,除半裸镰刀菌对植株无明显致病性反应外,其它4种镰刀菌均能不同程度地引起植株枯萎和其它病理症状。 相似文献
7.
云南灯盏花根腐病的2种新病原鉴定及防治药剂的室内筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
引起云南省灯盏花根腐病的病原为茄病镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)、尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum)和半裸镰刀菌(F.semitectum)3种真菌,茄病镰刀菌和尖孢镰刀菌为灯盏花根腐病的2种新病原,其中茄病镰刀菌为主要致病菌,其分离率为42.86%,茄病镰刀菌有伤接种发病率为70%,无伤接种发病率为56.7%。采用室内生长速率法测定了50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂、70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂、64%恶霜·锰锌可湿性粉剂、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、10亿活芽胞/g 枯草芽胞杆菌·荧光假单胞杆菌可湿性粉剂5种供试杀菌剂对灯盏花根腐病主要病原茄病镰刀菌的毒力。结果表明：5种供试药剂对茄病镰刀菌都有抑制作用。对茄病镰刀菌的有效中浓度（EC50）分别为0.000 4、0.050 7、0.053 5、0.081 3和8.624 0 mg/mL,其中50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂有效中浓度最低,相对抑制效果最好。5种药剂的毒力相关系数均在0.89以上,表明药剂质量浓度与抑制作用呈较高相关性。 相似文献
8.
撑×绿杂交竹3#枯死原因研究初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
报道了撑×绿杂交竹3#枯死的发生状况和症状的发展变化过程,经鉴定有6种镰刀菌,即半裸镰孢、雪腐镰孢、茄病镰孢、尖孢镰孢、串珠镰孢和单隔镰刀菌.初步肯定撑×绿杂交竹3#枯死与镰刀菌有关.并提出几点以营林技术措施为基础的防治建议. 相似文献
9.
10.
常熟地区蚕豆枯萎病病原菌鉴定及其致病力初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2000、2001年在江苏省常熟地区采集了有典型枯萎症状的蚕豆标样各50个,获94个镰刀菌单孢菌株。经鉴定分别属于尖孢镰孢(Fusarium axysporum)、燕麦镰孢(F.avenaceum)、串珠镰孢(F.moniliforme )、木贼镰孢(F.equiseti)、三线镰孢(F.tricinctum)、禾谷镰孢(F.graminearum)和茄镰孢(F.solani),其中尖孢镰孢、燕麦镰孢、串珠镰孢、木贼镰孢为该地区蚕豆镰刀菌枯萎病的主要病原菌。测定了48个镰刀菌菌株对蚕豆的致病力,尖孢镰孢、木贼镰孢、串珠镰孢和燕麦镰孢对蚕豆的致病力都较强。用蚕豆枯萎病菌和棉花枯萎病菌交叉接种棉花和蚕豆,结果表明两者存在着较强的交互侵染能力。 相似文献
11.
Alan T. Dyer Robert H. Johnston Andrew C. Hogg Jeffrey A. Johnston 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,125(3):387-395
Fusarium species involved in the Fusarium crown rot (FCR) complex affect wheat in every stage of development from seedling to grain
fill. This study was designed to compare the aggressiveness of the FCR complex members including F. culmorum, F. pseudograminearum and F. graminearum in causing seedling blight, decreased plant vigour and crown rot. To assess their relative pathogenicity, two hard red spring
wheat cultivars and two durum wheat cultivars were inoculated in the field with five isolates from each of the three species
for two years. Significant differences in patterns of pathogenicity were identified. In particular, F. culmorum caused greater seedling blight while F. pseudograminearum and F. graminearum caused greater crown rot. Greatest yield reductions were caused by F. pseudograminearum. Cultivar differences were identified with respect to seedling disease and late season crown rot. No interactions were identified
between cultivar performance and isolates or species with which they were challenged. 相似文献
12.
Maria B. Medeiros Araújo Gláucia M. Moreira Luan Vítor Nascimento Geovane de Almeida Nogueira Selma Rogéria de C. Nascimento Ludwig H. Pfenning Márcia Michelle de Q. Ambrósio 《Plant pathology》2021,70(3):712-721
Fusarium rot of melon, caused by species of the genus Fusarium, has become an important postharvest disease for many Brazilian producers. Due to the delayed onset of symptoms, this disease is often only detected when fruits arrive at the importing country, thus generating economic loss for the exportation of the fruit. This study was developed with the aim of investigating which Fusarium species cause fruit rot in melon and to evaluate any differences in aggressiveness and development of symptoms. Species were identified through phylogenetic analysis of two loci and morphological markers. The 28 isolates obtained from diseased melon fruits of different commercial cultivars were identified as Fusarium falciforme (FSSC), F. sulawesiense, F. pernambucanum (FIESC), and F. kalimantanense (FOSC). Three isolates belong to a new phylogenetic lineage within the F. fujikuroi species complex (FFSC). All isolates were tested for pathogenicity, and first symptoms of rot in Canary melon were observed 2 days after inoculation. Isolates of F. falciforme and F. sulawesiense were shown to be more aggressive. Our results extend information on Fusarium species that cause fruit rot in melon and support the development of management strategies, as there is currently no efficient control for this disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of species of the FSSC, FOSC, and FFSC from muskmelon fruits in Brazil. 相似文献
13.
Cecile A. Ewané Katherine Nott Ludivine Lassois Philippe Lepoivre Luc de Lapeyre de Bellaire 《Plant pathology》2020,69(9):1740-1753
Banana susceptibility to crown rot is influenced by many biotic and abiotic preharvest factors, which include source-sink (So-Si) ratio modifications through trimming of leaves and fruit. Banana plant's resistance to biotic stress has been previously correlated to its phenolic content; it is hypothesized that the crown's phenolic content may influence the fruit's susceptibility. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of severe So-Si ratio modifications, via the removal of leaves and fruit, and the involvement of phenolics in the fruit's susceptibility to crown rot. Fruit susceptibility was evaluated 13 days postinoculation (13 dpi) with Colletotrichum musae. Banana crowns obtained on the day of harvest before inoculation (dhbi) and 13 dpi were analysed for changes in phenolics using GC-MS, HPLC, and LC-MS devices. Severe So-Si ratio modifications had a significant effect (p <.001) on susceptibility, fruits of low So-Si ratio being most susceptible. It also significantly influenced (p < .001) some tree and fruit characteristics. The less susceptible (S−) crowns had higher amounts of phenolics compared to the more susceptible (S+) ones. Catecholamines were identified as the major phenolics in banana crown, notably dopamine compared to norepinephrine and normetanephrine. Hydroxycinnamic acids (ferulic acid and its derivatives) were significantly accumulated (p <.001) the dhbi in S− crowns compared to S+ crowns, but decreased 13 dpi. Phenolics have a possible role in the biochemical defence of banana crown and could be used by producers as a chemical criterion for estimation of the level of banana's susceptibility to crown rot. 相似文献
14.
15.
The relative importance of Colletotrichum musae as a crown-rot pathogen on Windward Island bananas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Low numbers of conidia of Colletotrichum musae (10–50) applied directly to the surface of freshly cut banana crowns caused extensive rot development. At least 20 times more conidia of Fusarium pallidoroseum were required to cause comparable levels of crown rot. Examination of the relative pathogenicity of the major fungal species involved in development of crown rot, C. musae, F. pallidoroseum, Fusarium moniliforme, F. moniliforme var. subglutinans , and Botryodiplodia theobromae , using a standard inoculum of 2 × 103 conidia per crown, showed C. musae to be the most aggressive species. C. musae produced a distinctive soft, dry fibrous rot while the fruit was still green, and on ripening further rotting, softening and blackening of crown tissues occurred. The other crown-rot pathogens tested did not rot green fruit.
Fruit inoculated with C. musae and held for 0, 1, 2 and 3 days at ambient temperature before ripening sustained increasingly more severe crown rot. C. musae was isolated with increasing frequency from rotting tissue the longer the period under ambient conditions. Crowns which had been inoculated with F. pallidoroseum and held for a comparable period did not display such extensive rot development although the pathogen was very frequently isolated from the tissue. 相似文献
Fruit inoculated with C. musae and held for 0, 1, 2 and 3 days at ambient temperature before ripening sustained increasingly more severe crown rot. C. musae was isolated with increasing frequency from rotting tissue the longer the period under ambient conditions. Crowns which had been inoculated with F. pallidoroseum and held for a comparable period did not display such extensive rot development although the pathogen was very frequently isolated from the tissue. 相似文献
16.
Y. Y. Deng W. Li P. Zhang H. Y. Sun X. X. Zhang A. X. Zhang H. G. Chen 《Plant pathology》2020,69(2):240-248
Fusarium crown rot of wheat has been spreading in the Huanghuai wheat-growing area in China since 2010, leading to a potential yield loss. To investigate the pathogens associated with this disease in Jiangsu and Shandong provinces in recent years, 617 Fusarium isolates were isolated from nine sites in these two provinces between 2014 and 2016. Of these isolates, 372 were identified as Fusarium pseudograminearum, and the remaining isolates were identified as F. asiaticum and F. graminearum, suggesting that F. pseudograminearum is becoming a predominant causative pathogen of crown rot of wheat in eastern China. Trichothecene gene detection and chemical analyses of trichothecenes indicated that the F. pseudograminearum isolates belonged to the 3-ADON or 15-ADON chemotype, and one isolate had the NIV genotype but produced no detectable NIV. 3-ADON isolates were predominant in Jiangsu, whereas 15-ADON isolates were prevalent in Shandong. The mating type of the F. pseudograminearum isolates were identified. MAT-1 and MAT-2 existed, but in most collections, particularly those in Jiangsu, the ratios of the two mating types deviated significantly from an expected 1:1 ratio. The reason for the occurrence of F. pseudograminearum is hypothesized, and the chemotype and mating type distribution of this species in these two provinces are analysed. 相似文献
17.
A 2004–2005 survey of potatoes from stores in the north‐central potato‐producing region of the USA showed that the predominant causes of dry rot were Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium sambucinum. Isolates of F. graminearum originally isolated from potato tubers with dry rot (n = 15), wheat kernels with scab (n = 15), and sugarbeet tap roots with decay (n = 5) were tested for aggressiveness to potato tubers. There were no significant differences in aggressiveness among isolates of F. graminearum, regardless of original host, as measured by their ability to cause dry rot. These findings may have implications for survival of F. graminearum inoculum since potatoes, wheat and sugarbeets are frequently used in crop rotation in the region. Fusarium graminearum required larger wounds for infection of potato tubers than F. sambucinum. Plug‐removal injury, simulating a stolon‐removal injury, resulted in equal incidence of dry rot caused by the two Fusarium species, whereas abrasion and bruising injury were sufficient for infection and dry rot development by F. sambucinum, but not F. graminearum. A change in harvest practices from vine‐killing prior to harvest to mechanical vine‐killing on the day of harvest may be a factor affecting the onset of dry rot caused by F. graminearum, since this process often causes large wounds at the stem end of the tubers when the stolon is forcibly removed. 相似文献
18.
Eveline N. Lima Andréia H. Oster Patricia N. Bordallo Antonio A. C. Araújo Diene E. M. Silva Cristiano S. Lima 《Plant pathology》2021,70(1):133-143
Fusarium rot on melon fruits is a postharvest disease and its importance in Brazil is increasing since its first report in 1999. Initially this disease was attributed to the fungus Fusarium semitectum based on pathogen morphology. However, there is controversy regarding the aetiology of this disease because, in the current species concept based on phylogenetic analysis, F. semitectum is regarded as a synonym to different Fusarium species. With the objective of elucidating the disease aetiology in Northeast Brazil, Fusarium isolates were obtained from melon fruits showing rot symptoms in the main producing areas of the country. From the phylogenetic analyses of TEF1 and RPB2 gene sequences, the isolates were identified as belonging to two phylogenetic species of the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC), one in the Incarnatum clade (Fusarium sulawense) and the other in the Equiseti clade, which corresponds to a new lineage. The newly identified lineage is close to Fusarium lacertarum. Isolates from the two species showed morphological characteristics typical of the Incarnatum and Equiseti clades, agreeing with the molecular identification, and were pathogenic when inoculated on melon fruits. This is the first report of F. sulawense on melon fruits. The data generated in this study are potentially useful for a better management of the fusarium rot on melon. 相似文献
19.
小麦茎基腐病生防菌株YB-161的分离鉴定及防效测定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为筛选防治小麦茎基腐病的高效生防菌株,采用稀释涂布法从小麦茎基腐病病土中分离细菌,以假禾谷镰孢Fusarium pseudograminearum为靶标菌,通过平板对峙培养法和室内盆栽试验筛选优良菌株并测定其田间防治效果,分析优良菌株发酵滤液对假禾谷镰孢的抑菌能力,并结合形态特征、Biolog微生物自动鉴定系统和gyrA序列分析对其进行种类鉴定,以及测定该菌株的抑菌谱。结果表明,10份供试土样中共分离到98株细菌,对假禾谷镰孢的菌丝生长抑制率超过40.00%的菌株有14株,其中菌株YB-161对假禾谷镰孢的菌丝生长抑制率最高,达63.50%。室内盆栽试验结果显示,菌株YB-161处理小麦的病情指数最低,为31.40,对小麦茎基腐病的防治效果最好,为68.15%,其对小麦也表现出较好的促生作用。田间调查结果显示,菌株YB-161菌液拌种处理对小麦茎基腐病的田间防治效果高于52.35%,并对小麦具有一定的增产作用。菌株YB-161的发酵滤液5倍稀释液和10倍稀释液对假禾谷镰孢的菌落抑制率分别达66.67%和44.33%,该菌株被鉴定为解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens。此外,菌株YB-161对辣椒炭疽病菌Colletotrichum capisci、烟草疫霉病菌Phytophthora parasitica等5种植物病原真菌均有较好的拮抗作用。表明生防菌株YB-161对绿色防控小麦茎基腐病具有良好的开发利用潜能。 相似文献
20.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献