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1.
《Fitoterapia》1999,70(1):44-49
The chemical composition of the largely used tea from lemon verbena, Aloysia triphylla, was investigated. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the main aromatic and polyphenolic constituents of tea made by infusion from leaves were examined. The results showed that the relative proportions of the active constituents differ from those of the original leaves. The tea contained a large amount of polyphenolic compounds (mean value 675 mg/l; extraction yield 65%) including verbascoside (400 mg/l) and luteolin 7-diglucuronide (100 mg/l). It contained also 42 mg/l of essential oil (extraction yield 51%) with much more citral (77% of the essential oil) than the original leaves (41%). 相似文献
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Yong Duck Kim Ji Yun Min Mi Jin Jeong Hyun Jin Song Jung Gyu Hwang Chandrakant S. Karigar Gang Won Cheong Myung Suk Choi 《Journal of Wood Science》2010,56(5):411-417
A rapid and efficient colorimetric method based on the use of Fast Blue B-salt (FBB) was established to select catechin-rich
tea trees (Camellia sinensis L.). The catechin levels measured by the colorimetric method under optimized reaction conditions correlated closely with
estimations by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The FBB colorimetric method was successfully used to
classify 160 tea trees on the basis of their catechin contents into rich and poor lines. HPLC analysis of the FBB-selected
tea tree extracts showed them to contain (−)-epigallocatechin 186 mg/g in tea tree line HR-29, (−)-epicatechin 43.7 mg/g in
HR-82, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate 4.32 mg/g in HR-29, and (−)-epicatechin gallate 0.22 mg/g in HR-52. Classification of
tea trees from the Hadong region into catechin-rich and -poor trees was independent of the growing season. Thus the FBB colorimetric
method could find application as a reliable tool in screening and selection of tea trees on the basis of their catechin content. 相似文献
3.
Dioscorea floribunda cells aggregates were cultured in liquid modified MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (2 mg/l) and kinetine (0.1 mg/l). The cells were treated with different concentrations of ethylene-generating-agent 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (2-CEPA). 2-CEPA at concentrations of 50 mg/l, 100 mg/l elicited production of diosgenin. The level of diosgenin increased to 72-fold higher than those of non-treated cells with 100 mg/l of 2-CEPA. 相似文献
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Biomass and secondary metabolite accumulation were assayed on a wide range of auxins, cytokinins and their combinations using Ecballium elaterium callus tissue. The best combination was that consisting of alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and benzylamino purine (BAP) (1 mg/l of medium, each). NAA and BAP were set up in a grid to determine concentrations that produced the best callus as regards fresh and dry weights and yield of cucurbitacins, particularly cucurbitacin E. The best combination for callus proliferation consisted of 5 mg/l NAA and 5 mg/l BAP, reaching a peak at week 5. For cucurbitacin production, an optimum yield was obtained at week 3 with 5 mg/l NAA. 相似文献
7.
《Fitoterapia》2013
Rhododendron tomentosum Harmaja (previously: Ledum palustre) is a fragrant evergreen shrub found in peaty soils in northern Europe, Asia and North America, commonly referred to as wild rosemary, marsh tea, marsh rosemary or northern Labrador tea. At least since the eighteenth century it has been used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various ailments, such as rheumatism, cough, cold and insect bites, as well as a repellent. The essential oil of wild rosemary with the rich polyphenolic fraction possesses analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal and insecticidal potential, demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro studies. In addition, recent scientific research reported the promising antidiabetic, antioxidant and anticancer properties. This review summarizes the information concerning taxonomy, botany, ecology, chemical composition, biological activities, toxicology and traditional and contemporary application of Rhododendron tomentosum plants. 相似文献
9.
In vitro flowering of green and albino Dendrocalamus latiflorus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To propagate Dendrocalamus latiflorus, we used in vivo inflorescences to produce calli on Murashige and Skoog basal (MS) medium supplemented with 3 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D), 2 mg/l kinetin, 250 mg/l polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and 1% coconut milk. Multiple shoots were generated on
MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l thidiazuron (TDZ). The green plantlets were successfully transferred to soil. Multiple
albino shoots also regenerated and were able to proliferate on medium containing cytokinins, especially TDZ. Albino multiple
shoots rooted in medium containing α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and callus formation was observed in the presence of 2,4-D
and picloram. Green and albino regenerates flowered after 8 months of subculture. The flowering ratio increased to 44% after
three treatments in medium containing 1 mg/l TDZ. Morphological observations revealed that the in vitro green and albino flower
organs were normal. However, pollen derived from the in vitro flowers of both the green and albino plants were sterile. 相似文献
10.
Three superior clones of Eucalyptus grandis hybrids were micropropagated through several steps. Five-year-old trees were girdled to induce juvenile sprouts. Cultures were attempted from mature branches and sprouts. Branches from mature trees were 100% contaminated while sprouts were only 40% contaminated. Pre-initiation hormone free medium and dark environment were used to screen for contaminants and to reduce production of phenolic compounds. Initiation of auxillary buds was achieved with modified MS plus 0.05 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l BAR High multiplication rates were obtained on auxin-free medium with 0.6 mg/1 BAR Elongation of shoots was best on media with high auxin (2.5 mg/l of IBA) and cytokinin (1–1.5 mg/l of zeatin). Continual subculture on the multiplication medium improved rooting significantly. Up to 98% rooting was achieved on 1/4 MS with 2 mg/l IBA. Rooted propagules were successfully transferred to a mist greenhouse with 82% survival, and then to greenhouse conditions. 相似文献
11.
枣胚轴组织培养的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以枣胚轴为外植体，用基本培养基MS和各种激素不同组合及其配比的6种培养基进行组织培养，结果表明：在MS（1／2MO3^-) 1.75mg/lZT 0.015mg/lNAA 4mg/lKT 2mg/lAgNO3和MS＋0．5mg/l IBA两种培养基上成苗率都达40％，但后一种培养基更有利于诱导生根；在用MS（1／2NO3^-)作基本培养基，添加0．2mg/l BA和3mg/l NAA的培养基上，愈伤率最高，达73％,由愈伤组织分化出来不定芽的分化率为27％。 相似文献
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An efficient protocol has been developed for in vitro propagation of Enicostema axillare using shoot tip explants. The shoot tip explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various combinations of (BAP, KIN) and (NAA/IAA & IBA) in different concentrations between 0.5 and 2.0 mg/l for multiple shoot bud induction. The highest percent of (98.51 %) was observed at 1.0 mg/l BAP in combination with 0.2 mg/l KIN while maximum number of shoot buds (8.41 shoots/explant) was noticed on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.2 mg/l KIN combination. The highest frequency (90.82 %) of multiple shoot bud regeneration was observed at 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l IBA with 15.12 ± 2.12 shoots/explants. The regenerated multiple shoots were transferred to half-strength MS medium augmented with different concentration of 0.5–2.5 mg/l IBA for rooting. Among the different concentrations of IBA tested, maximum percentage of rooting (100 %) was observed in MS medium augmented with 1.5 mg/l IBA. The rooted plantlets were successfully transferred into plastic cups containing soil and sand in the ratio of 1:1. Subsequently established in the field conditions with 90 % of survival rate. The protocol developed can be utilized for both large scale plant production and conservation of germplasm of this species. The described method can be successfully employed for large-scale multiplication and in vitro conservation as well as production of secondary metabolites of E. axillare. 相似文献
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《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(2-3):103-114
Abstract Micropropagation protocols for Dendrocalamus asper using nodal shoots and seeds culture are described. Multiple shoots were induced through forced axillary branching. Ninety-five percent of the nodal shoot explants taken from juvenile primary and lateral branches, produced multiple shoots through axillary buds activation within 2 to 8 weeks on Murashige & Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1-15 mg/l benzyladenine (BA). The cultured seeds also produced multiple shoots (1-20) within 6 weeks on this medium. The multiple shoot differentiation was influenced by the concentration of BA in the medium. The in vitro generated shoots were excised and subculture on MS + 3.0 mg/l BAP for further shoot multiplication. Fifteen to 20 fold rate of shoot multiplication was achieved by regular subculturing. These shoots were multiplied for more than 3 years without loss of vigor. Ninety-five percent of the shoots were rooted, when propagules (each consisting of cluster of 3 shoots) were transferred on to MS medium with 3.0 mg/l NAA or 10 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). To date, 18,000 plants (through axillary bud initiated from nodal ex-plants) and 6,000 plants from seed culture have been hardened and acclimatized. 12,000 plants have been field transferred. 相似文献
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Ecballium elaterium fruit juice is used for the treatment of sinusitis in Turkish folk medicine. The aim of this study was to increase the yield of cucurbitacin B, an anti-inflammatory compound previously isolated in various organs of E. elaterium, through tissue culture techniques. Higher yields of cucurbitacin B (1.126%) were obtained from the first subculture calluses from stem nodes in the presence of benzyl adenine (BA; 1 mg/l) and naphtalene acetic acid (NAA; 0.1 mg/l) in comparison with the yields obtained from plant material (0.01%). 相似文献
17.
Tun Tschu Chang 《Forest Pathology》1995,25(4):185-190
A selective medium was developed for isolation of Phellinus noxius. The medium consists of 20 g/l malt-extract, 20 g/l agar, 10 mg/l benomyl, 10 mg/l dicloran, 100 mg/l ampicillin and 500 mg/1 gallic acid. For isolation of P. noxius from soils, 1000 mg/l tergitol NP-7 was added to restrict the size of individual colonies. Comparisons of this selective medium with other media selective for isolation of hymenomycetes showed that the former was more effective for isolation of P. noxius. 相似文献
18.
In vitro regeneration of complete plants from nodal single-bud segments of 2-year-old Australian Cedar (Toona ciliata) trees were obtained under defined nutritional and environmental conditions. Explants were dissected from plants obtained by germination of seeds and growth in pots in a greenhouse. The best medium for shoot regeneration was that of Murashige and Skoog at 1/4 strength with 3% sucrose (1/4 MS), supplemented with 0.1 mg/l IBA and 0.5 mg/l BAP. Rooting of regenerated shoots was observed in MS medium with 0.1 mg/l IBA. Using mature tree material was more difficult. Forced flushing was used to induce shoot development on branches of a 10-year-old tree. Nodal segments of these epicormic shoots formed shoots in vitro on 1/4 MS + 0.01 mg/l IBA + 5 mg/l BAP, but rooting was never observed. 相似文献
19.
Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Nebenwirkungen von Niemprodukten beiDaphnia magna, einem vielfach für Toxizitätsprüfungen bei Pestiziden verwendeten Testorganismus untersucht.Ein 48 h-Immobilisations-Test wurde mit 6–24 h alten Juvenilen durchgeführt. Die 48 h-EC50 in mg/l und die entsprechende Azadirachtinkonzentration in ppm der Präparate Neem-Azal-S (Azal), AZT-Extrakt (AZT), Margosan-O® (Margosan) und Niem-Samenkern Extrakt (NSKE) lagen bei 12,3 mg/l (0,04 ppm), 29,3 mg/l (0,34 ppm), 103 mg/l (0,19 ppm) und 1128 mg/l (3,38 ppm). Für 48 h der EC10 exponierte sowie anschließend in nichtkontaminiertem Wasser aufgezogene Juvenile entwickelten sich mit normalen Wachstumsraten und wiesen keine Häutungsschäden auf. Semistatische Exposition führte bei Juvenilen und Adulten zu erhöhten Mortalitätsraten. Überlebende Juvenile entwickelten sich mit geringfügig reduzierten Wachstumsraten und erreichten die Geschlechtsreife. Überlebende Adulte hatten ebenfalls keine Häutungsschwierigkeiten und produzierten lebensfähige, morphologisch normale Nachkommen in verringerter Anzahl.In den beschriebenen Versuchen hatten die formulierten Produkte einen stärkeren Effekt als NSKE in der Reihenfolge Azal>AZT>Margosan>NSKE. Die fehlende Korrelation zwischen den beiD. magna beobachteten Effekten und der insektiziden Hauptkomponente Azadirachtin macht es wahrscheinlich, daß vor allem Emulgatoren und/oder Begleistoffe für die Wirkung der Niemprodukte verantwortlich sind.Die Wirkungen von Niemapplikationen in Naßreisfeldern als Schädlingsbekämpfungs- oder Düngungsmaßnahmen werden im Hinblick auf praxisnahe Bedingungen diskutiert.
Mit 4 Abbildungen und 3 Tabellen 相似文献
Investigations on side-effects of various neem products onDaphnia magna Straus (Crustacea: Cladocera)
The possible side-effects of the neem products NeemAzal-S (Azal), Azt-Extract (AZT), Margosan-O® (Margosan) and aqueous neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) onDaphnia magna, the water flea, were investigated under laboratory conditions.A 48h immobilisation test was conducted using 6–24 h old juveniles ofD. magna. The 48h-EC50 in mg/l and the corresponding azadirachtin concentrations in ppm were for Azal 12.3 mg/l (0.04 ppm), for AZT-extract 29.3 mg/l (0.34 ppm), for Margosan-O 103 mg/l (0.19 ppm) and for NSKE 1128 mg/l (3.38 ppm). 48 h exposure of young water fleas to the EC10 and subsequent rearing for 3 weeks in uncontaminated water caused no reduction of the growth rate. Semi-static tests using juveniles and adults of an age of 21 days led to increased mortality but surviving juvenile water fleas developed with slightly reduced growth rates and reached maturity. Surviving adults produced viable, morphologically normal progeny in reduced number. There were no difficulties during moults. In the described tests the formulated products were more effective than NSKE in the order Azal>AZT>Margosan>NSKE. The missing correlation between the observed effects and the content of the main insecticidal ingredient azadirachtin in the neem products leads to the conclusion that the major factors for toxicity of the formulated products are emulsifiers and/or other products. The possible impact of neem products on aquatic microcrustaceans when used for pest control measures or as fertilizers in rice fields is discussed.
Mit 4 Abbildungen und 3 Tabellen 相似文献
20.
石蒜组培繁殖技术的研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
以石蒜的鳞茎为材料，采用不同的激素配对离体小鳞茎的分化和增殖效果进行了试验研究，结果表明，添加30g/l蔗糖。0.7%琼脂的MS BA（3mg/l) NAA(3mg/l)培养基对小鳞茎的分化效果最佳，而BA（3mg/l) NAA（1mg/l)的激素配比更有利于小鳞茎的增殖，试验中发现，蔗糖的浓度对小鳞茎的增殖与生长影响显著，以60g/l的浓度为最佳，将组织培养获得的小鳞茎切分成块后培养，可获得更多的小鳞茎，BA（0.5-1) NAA(0.5)的激素配比最有利于鳞茎切块增殖；当蔗糖浓度为40g/l时，鳞茎切块结成鳞茎的平均直径达到最大。 相似文献