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1.
释放智利小植绥螨防治设施栽培草莓上二斑叶螨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
二斑叶螨是为害草莓的重要害螨之一。随着杀虫、杀螨剂的抗药性问题以及在水果上的残留问题日益严重,生物防治成为解决这一问题的重要措施。本文研究了释放智利小植绥螨对温室大棚草莓上二斑叶螨种群的控制作用。结果表明:3个释放密度(240、120、60头/株)的智利小植绥螨对温室草莓上二斑叶螨种群均有很好的防治效果,最高虫口减退率及防效都在80%以上,化学农药43%联苯肼酯SC对二斑叶螨种群的最高防效仅为61.89%;随捕食螨释放量的增加,防治效果也越显著。综合平衡生防成本与防效,推荐释放量为60头/株。 相似文献
2.
茄子叶螨种群消长动态及阿维菌素防治研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
连续2年调查了北京地区春茬塑料棚和露地茄子叶螨的种群消长动态,并评价了施用阿维菌素对棚内叶螨的防治效果。结果表明,北京地区春茬塑料棚内茄子叶螨的种群消长有明显的初现、上升、高峰和下降阶段,而露地叶螨的种群动态则随着气象条件的变化呈现明显波动趋势;露地和塑料棚内茄子叶螨均于5月底初现,6月上旬种群数量开始上升,此时是预防的最佳时机。1.8%阿维菌素乳油稀释2 500倍于种群高峰期前对棚内茄子植株进行均匀喷雾,药后7 d和14 d对叶螨的防效分别达84.11%和97.67%,表明喷施阿维菌素对茄子叶螨具有良好的控制作用,同时对蓟马和粉虱类害虫也有一定的兼治效果。 相似文献
3.
The feasibility of controlling the two-spotted spider mite in apple orchards by inundative releases of the phytoseiid predatorPhytoseiulus persimilis, was studied in a field trial in northern Israel. Half a million predators released per acre, maintained high populations
forca 2 months until the spider mite population dropped below the economic threshold.P. persimilis demonstrated a dispersal capacity of at least 90 m from its original release site. The ability of the predator to switch
to alternative prey (the European red mite) and the economic feasibility of this non-chemical approach to spider mite control,
are discussed. 相似文献
4.
Antibiosis of maize inbred lines to the carmine spider mite, tetranychus cinnabarinus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The antibiosis of tenZea mays L. inbred lines to the carmine spider mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) (Acari: Tetranychidae), was evaluated. Two maize inbred lines previously reported as resistant to this spider
mite and a susceptible inbred line were compared with B96 (formerly called 41:2504B), reported as being resistant to the two-spotted
spider mite T. urticae and to the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner). Other lines were derived from B96. All lines originated in the U.S.A. and were tested in Israel at two different
growth stages. Four days after inoculation of detached leaf squares with adult mites, significant differences in susceptibility
were observed among lines. At the 3-leaf stage lines B68, B96, B79, A619, B65, B49 and B64 reduced the average mite daily
fecundity by 43%, 64%, 66%, 67%, 77%, 81% and 87%, respectively, as compared with the most susceptible line, B52. At the flowering
stage, the average reduction in mite daily fecundity was much lower: inbred lines B64, A619 and B96 reduced the average mite
daily fecundity by 48%, 51% and 86%, respectively, whereas the seven other genotypes had an intermediate or a susceptible
reaction to the carmine spider mite, with A661 being the most susceptible. Our results show that B96 could be used as a source
of resistance in developing improved resistance of inbred lines of maize to carmine spider mites. 相似文献
5.
Farzaneh-Sadat Seyed-Talebi Katayoon Kheradmand Reza Talaei-Hassanloui Khalil Talebi-Jahromi 《Phytoparasitica》2014,42(3):405-412
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the most important pests in agriculture. Due to its short life cycle and high reproductive rate, this pest has become resistant to most acaricides. Therefore, finding alternative control strategies for this damaging pest is necessary. Application of microbiological agents with minimum concentrations of acaricides is a very suitable tactic in integrated pest management. In the present study, lethal effects of a chemical acaricide – spirodiclofen, and an Iranian strain of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, were evaluated on different life stages of the two-spotted spider mite on two host plants, bean and cucumber. In the next step, compatibility of acaricide with the fungus was studied regarding conidial germination and vegetative growth of the fungus in the presence of different concentrations of the acaricide. Finally, the acaricide at rates of LC25 with the fungus at LC50 were sprayed on adult female mites. The results showed that immature stages of T. urticae were more susceptible to the acaricide whereas the adults were more susceptible to the fungus. Also, mites reared on cucumber were significantly more susceptible to the acaricide and fungus than those reared on bean. Spirodiclofen and the fungus had a synergistic effect; percentage of mortality for fungus infection was 48.6% and 53.5% on bean and cucumber, respectively, while it was 80.6% on bean and 84.5% on cucumber when the mite was sprayed with both the fungus and the acaricide. 相似文献
6.
Four spider species and the predacious mitePhytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot) were examined in the laboratory for their capacity to feed on the carmine spider mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval). The adult females ofChiracanthium mildei L. Koch showed the highest capacity for feeding onT. cinnabarinus (27.5 mites/day) and differed significantly from all other spider species, including the immatureC. mildei which consumed an average of 18.9 mites/day — nearly equal to that of the Oxyopidae species (16.8 mites/day). The salticid
(10.1 mites/day) and theridiid (9.5 mites/day) spider species had the lowest capacity, which was nearly equal to that of the
predacious miteP. persimilis (11.3 mites/day). Results indicate that spiders play an important role as mite predators. 相似文献
7.
The species composition and seasonal cycle ofTetranychus urticae Koch (two-spotted spider mite) andEotetranychus uncatus Garman (garman spider mite; the two species were evaluated together),Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher) (hawthom red spider nite),Panonychus ulni (Koch) (European red mite),Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheuten) (brown mite) (Acari Tetranychidae),Cenopalpus pulcher Can and Fanz. (flat scarlet mite) (Tenuipalpidae) and their natural enemies (Phytoseiidae and Stigmaeidae family members)
were compared in two apple orchards during the years 2000 to 2002 in Tokat, Turkey. One orchard was pesticide-free, and the
other was sprayed. Surveys were carried out once a week from April to November and the differences in the dominant species
of spider mites and phytoseiid mites between the two orchards were recorded. In the sprayed orchard, the dominant phytophagous
mites wereA. vienensis andP. ulmi whereas in the unsprayed orchardE uncatus andC pulcher were abundant. It was found that the predatory mites were able to control spider mites in the unsprayed orchard, but the
population level was not adequate to control them in the sprayed orchard, presumably due to the excessive use of pesticides. 相似文献
8.
我国12个地区草莓叶螨种类分子鉴定及遗传多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确草莓上的叶螨种类及其遗传多样性,以便准确有效地指导草莓叶螨防治。本研究选取我国12个代表性的地区,采集草莓上的叶螨。采样范围覆盖了我国华北、华中、华东和西南的草莓产区。扩增和测定线粒体cox1基因部分序列,将所获得的序列通过BLAST与GenBank数据库中的序列进行比对,确定叶螨种类,并对cox1基因序列的多样性进行分析。测序获得了长度为632bp的cox1基因片段。BLAST比对结果和系统发育分析表明,来自我国12个地区的91个样品均为二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae。遗传多样性分析发现我国草莓上二斑叶螨的cox1基因有2种单倍型,其中11个地区仅存在1种单倍型,北京昌平检测到2种单倍型。两种单倍型之间有1个核苷酸的同义突变。本研究表明,二斑叶螨为这些地区草莓上唯一的叶螨种类,种群内遗传多样性非常低。研究结果对于制定草莓上叶螨的防治策略具有指导意义。 相似文献
9.
Resistance of 37Citrullus lanatus L. lines to the carmine spider mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval), was evaluated in three laboratory experiments, each including seven plants per line. Infestation with ten adult
female mites per leaf, of each plant, was done at the three-leaf stage. In experiment A, average counts 10 days after infestation
of three leaves ranged from 42 to 144 mites per leaf. In experiment B, average counts 8 days after infestation of two leaves
ranged from 40 to 286 mites per leaf. In experiment C, average counts 8 days after infestation of two leaves ranged from 15
to 196 mites per leaf. The results suggest that a definite variation in resistance against mite infestation exists among watermelon
lines.
Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization. No. 1082-E, 1993 series. 相似文献
10.
棉叶螨也称为棉红蜘蛛,属蛛形纲叶螨科,其种类繁多,分布范围广,世代周期短,是为害棉花的一类重要害螨。目前,用于防治棉叶螨的化学药剂主要是神经毒剂及呼吸抑制剂2大类,且棉叶螨对多数药剂产生了不同程度的抗性,以二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae为首的植食性害螨已成为世界上抗药性最严重的节肢动物之一。美国路易斯安那州棉田二斑叶螨种群对阿维菌素产生了1 415倍抗性,而国内棉花上棉叶螨主要对有机磷类药剂产生了较强抗性,最高为467倍。棉叶螨产生抗药性的机制主要涉及靶标突变及解毒代谢增强,其中靶标突变主要涉及乙酰胆碱酯酶、电压门控钠离子通道和谷氨酸门控氯离子通道等;细胞色素P450单加氧酶、羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶等一种或多种解毒酶共同参与害螨对化学药剂的解毒代谢。该文主要从棉叶螨的种类及分布、用于防治棉叶螨的化学药剂、棉叶螨的抗药性现状、抗药性机制解析和抗药性治理策略5个方面进行阐述,提出因地制宜的抗药性治理策略,旨在为棉叶螨的田间防治提供指导。 相似文献
11.
12.
The feasibility of controlling the two-spotted spider mite in apple orchards by inundative releases of the phytoseiid predatorPhytoseiulus persimilis, was studied in a field trial in northern Israel. Half a million predators released per acre, maintained high populations forca 2 months until the spider mite population dropped below the economic threshold.P. persimilis demonstrated a dispersal capacity of at least 90 m from its original release site. The ability of the predator to switch to alternative prey (the European red mite) and the economic feasibility of this non-chemical approach to spider mite control, are discussed. 相似文献
13.
R. Aly F. Mansour F. A. Moch M. Edelstein D. Libman E. Meiri Y. M. Shiboleth A. Gal-On 《Phytoparasitica》2005,33(2):177-186
Control of the spider miteTetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval is problematic, and there is a pressing need for efficient, non-hazardous and inexpensive strategies for limiting
the damage it causes. The gene for the anti-bacterial peptide sarcotoxin IA of the flesh flySarcophaga peregrina was cloned into the nonpathogenic potyvirus-based vector system ZYMV-AGII (Zucchini yellow mosaic virus-AGII). Expression of this peptidevia the AGII vector was detected in infected squash leaves and was not deleterious to the host plant. Leaf discs of squash infected
with the recombinant virus AGII-sarcotoxin IA were tested for spider mite control under laboratory conditions. Spider mite
egg production on plants expressing the sarcotoxin IA gene was decreased by a factor of two or three compared with that on
AGII-infected plants or healthy leaf discs, respectively. In contrast to its effect on oviposition, sarcotoxin IA expressing
squash did not significantly affect the mortality and the ability to repel spider mites. Crude extract from squash leaves
infected with AGII-sarcotoxin IA was also found to cause a significant decrease of mite fecundity compared with extracts from
AGII-treated or healthy plants and also caused a rise in mite mortality. Our results demonstrate that sarcotoxin IA affects
mite fecundity and, to a lesser degree, mortality, and shows potential for controlling spider mites in the field. 相似文献
14.
Biology of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) was studied on five orchids and one rose species under laboratory conditions. The duration of developmental stages of this mite was the shortest on rose (7.17 ± 0.20 days) followed by Cymbidium (10.49 ± 1.50 days), Oncidium (11.60 ± 1.32 days), Dendrobium (12.67 ± 0.21 days), Phalaenopsis (14.47 ± 1.21 days) and Coelogyne (17.10 ± 1.29 days). The number of eggs/female laid was maximum on rose, whereas the minimum was on Phalaenopsis under the most suitable temperature (26 ± 2°C) and relative humidity (65 ± 5%) conditions. The five orchid farms (three conventionally sprayed and two unsprayed) in the northeastern region of India were surveyed during 2009 and 2010 for mite incidence. Twenty-three species and 11 hybrids of orchids were encountered as the most preferred host, 12 species as moderately preferred, and 28 species and one hybrid were found to be the least preferred orchid host for T. urticae. The mite’s incidence was recorded on orchids all year round, indicative of overlapping generations; however, two distinct population peaks were recorded during April and May. Subsequently its population declined at the start of the rainy season and remained at extremely low levels in the winter. Maximum and minimum temperatures had a significant positive correlation with mite incidence; daylight had a non-significant positive correlation; and rainfall and relative humidity had non-significant negative correlations with mite incidence. The results are discussed in relation to the most susceptible stage on orchids and suitable management practices for the two-spotted spider mite in India. 相似文献
15.
B. A. Abou-Awad B. M. El-Sawaf A. S. Reda A. A. Abdel-Khalek 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2000,32(4):5-12
Mites associated with abandoned fig trees in Egypt were observed during a 2-year study. This study included species diversity and seasonal fluctuations as well as some biological aspects of common eriophyoid species. Three phytophagous species consisted of the fig bud mite Aceria ficus (Cotte), the fig leaf mite Rhyncaphytoptus ficifoliae Keifer and the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch, representing a basic trophic level, were fed upon by three of predacious mites (Pronematus ubiquitus (McGregor), Amblyselus swirskii Athias-Henriot, Agistemus exsertus Gonzalez). Population abundance of the injurious mites were affected by the prevailing climatic conditions, action of predators and leaf age. A control measure of one summer pesticide (abamectin) application throughout the year seemed to be the most successful management of harmful mites. Life table parameters showed that the population of A. ficus multiplied 28.52 times in a generation time of 17.90 days, while R. ficifoliae population increased 16.50 times in a generation time of 14.61 days. Field and laboratory studies indicated that the viviparity is a typical character in the reproduction of R. ficifoliae. 相似文献
16.
B. A. Abou-Awad B. M. El-Sawaf A. S. Reda A. A. Abdel-Khalek 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2000,73(1):5-12
Mites associated with abandoned fig trees in Egypt were observed during a 2-year study. This study included species diversity and seasonal fluctuations as well as some biological aspects of common eriophyoid species. Three phytophagous species consisted of the fig bud mite Aceria ficus (Cotte), the fig leaf mite Rhyncaphytoptus ficifoliae Keifer and the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch, representing a basic trophic level, were fed upon by three of predacious mites (Pronematus ubiquitus (McGregor), Amblyselus swirskii Athias-Henriot, Agistemus exsertus Gonzalez). Population abundance of the injurious mites were affected by the prevailing climatic conditions, action of predators and leaf age. A control measure of one summer pesticide (abamectin) application throughout the year seemed to be the most successful management of harmful mites. Life table parameters showed that the population of A. ficus multiplied 28.52 times in a generation time of 17.90 days, while R. ficifoliae population increased 16.50 times in a generation time of 14.61 days. Field and laboratory studies indicated that the viviparity is a typical character in the reproduction of R. ficifoliae. 相似文献
17.
淡紫拟青霉、厚垣轮枝菌生防菌剂对当归“麻口病”的防治效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了明确淡紫拟青霉、厚垣轮枝菌生防菌剂对当归生长量的影响及对麻口病的防治效果,进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,两种生防菌剂在当归移栽时拌细干土穴施对当归生长量(出苗、株高、叶片数、冠幅)有一定的影响;但可有效防治当归麻口病,其中淡紫拟青霉颗粒剂41.25kg/hm2处理组防效最高,为63.43%,与其他处理差异显著(P0.05);各处理对当归有较好的增产作用,增产率为25.78%~63.01%,其中淡紫拟青霉颗粒剂45.00kg/hm2处理增产率最高,为63.01%,其次为厚垣轮枝菌微粒剂33.75kg/hm2处理,增产率为61.67%;菌剂各处理相比对照可明显提高特等归比例。淡紫拟青霉颗粒剂41.25、45.00kg/hm2和厚垣轮枝菌微粒剂33.75kg/hm2穴施可有效防治当归麻口病,提高当归产量,可用于生产上防治当归麻口病。 相似文献
18.
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a major pest in hops with world-wide economic importance. According to official guidelines, the... 相似文献
19.
BACKGROUND: Two‐spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) oviposit near leaf veins or in leaf folds on the undersides of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves where the humid boundary layer offers protection from desiccation. The authors predicted that the boundary layer of glabrous cotton leaves should be shallower than that of hairy leaves, providing some resistance to mites. The dynamics of mite populations, leaf damage, leaf gas exchange and crop yield on two leaf hair isolines (smooth versus hairy) in two genetic backgrounds was assessed. RESULTS: Mite colonies developed faster on the hairy leaf isolines, but leaf damage per mite was higher in smooth leaf isolines, indicating more intense damage. A 50% reduction in photosynthesis on the hairy isolines required 1.8 times more mites than smooth leaves. The yield of cotton was reduced in + mite treatments, but the magnitude of reduction was similar for hairy and smooth isolines. CONCLUSION: Paradoxically, the relative inhospitality of glabrous leaves may have induced mites to concentrate in protected leaf sections, causing more localised and more severe damage, negating the yield benefits from fewer mites. These results highlight interactions between leaf microenvironment, pest behaviour and plant productivity that may have implications for other instances of plant resistance. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
20.
为探索在遭受盐胁迫时二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae Koch侵染叶片的交替呼吸途径的生理学功能,在实验室条件下研究了NaCl以及水杨基氧肟酸对二斑叶螨侵染叶片的间接防御反应,以及对过氧化氢含量和细胞死亡水平的影响。200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫没有明显影响二斑叶螨侵染叶片对智利小植绥螨Phytoseiulus persimilis的吸引作用,也没有提高二斑叶螨侵染叶片中过氧化氢含量和细胞死亡的水平,但显著提高了侵染叶片中交替呼吸途径的水平。200 mmol/L NaCl和1mmol/L水杨基氧肟酸的复合处理则显著降低了二斑叶螨侵染叶片对捕食螨的吸引作用,并提高了过氧化氢含量和细胞死亡的水平。研究表明,当二斑叶螨侵染叶片遭受盐胁迫时,交替呼吸途径不仅有助于维持植物的间接防御反应,而且缓解了植物体内的氧化压力和细胞死亡。 相似文献