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1.
Maternal and embryonal control of seed colour by different Brassica alboglabra chromosomes 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Most oilseed rape, Brassica napus, cultivars are black‐seeded. The progenitor species, Brassica rapa, has either yellow or black seeds, while known cultivars of the other progenitor species Brassica oleracea/alboglabra have black seeds. To determine which chromosomes of B. alboglabra are carriers of seed colour genes, B. rapaalboglabra monosomic addition lines were produced from a B. napus resynthesized from yellow‐seeded B. rapa and brown/black‐seeded B. alboglabra. Eight out of nine possible lines have been developed and transmission frequencies of the alien chromosomes were estimated. Three B. alboglabra chromosomes in three of these lines influenced seed colour. B. rapa plants carrying alien chromosome 1 exhibited a maternal control of seed colour and produced only brown seeds, which gave rise to plants with either yellow or brown seeds. However, B. rapa plants carrying alien chromosome 4 or another as yet unidentified alien chromosome exhibited an embryonal control of seed colour and produced a mixture of yellow and brown seeds. The yellow seeds gave rise to yellow‐seeded plants, while the brown seeds gave rise to plants that yielded a mixture of yellow and brown seeds, depending on the absence or presence, respectively, of the B. alboglabra chromosome. Consequently, both maternal and embryonal control of seed colour are expected to contribute to the black‐seeded phenotype of oilseed rape. 相似文献
2.
Yellow seeded Brassica napus was developed through interspecific crosses with the two mustard species, B. juncea and B. carinata. The objective of these two interspecific crosses was the introgression of genes for yellow seed colour from the A genome of B. juncea and C genome of B. carinata into the A and C genomes of B. napus, respectively. The interspecific F1 generations were backcrossed to B. napus in an attempt to eliminate B genome chromosomes and to improve fertility. Backcross F2 plants of the (B. napus×B. juncea) ×B. napus cross were then crossed with backcross F2 plants of the (B. napus×B. carinata) ×B. napus cross. The objective of this intercrossing was to combine the A and C genome yellow seeded characteristics of the two backcross populations into one genotype. The F2 generation of the backcross F2 intercrosses was grown in the field, plants were individually harvested and visually rated for seed colour. Ninety-one yellow seeded plants were identified among the 4858 plants inspected. This result indicated that the interspecific crossing scheme was successful in developing yellow seeded B. napus. 相似文献
3.
A yellowish brown‐seeded Brassica alboglabra was resynthesized from a (B. alboglabra×Brassica carinata) ×B. alboglabra cross, followed by self‐pollination. The resynthesized B. alboglabra lost the allele of the isozymic locus glucosephosphate isomerase‐2 (GPI‐2) from natural B. alboglabra, which was replaced by an allele from the corresponding genome in B. carinata. A simple Mendelian segregation of these two alleles was observed in the F2 population of a natural × resynthesized B. alboglabra cross. Furthermore, these two alleles segregated independently from the seed colour. 相似文献
4.
M. H. Rahman 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(4):357-359
The fatty acid composition of seed oil of four interspecific hybrids, resulting from crosses between zero erucic acid Brassica rapa (AA), and high erucic acid Brassica alboglabra/Brassica oleracea (CC) and Brassica carinata (BBCC), void of erucic acid genes in their A‐genomes was examined. The erucic acid content in resynthesized Brassica napus (AACC) lines derived from these crosses was only about half that of the high erucic acid CC genome parents, indicating equal contributions of the two genomes to oil (fatty acid) synthesis and accumulation. The differences in C18 fatty acid synthesis between the parents were also evident in the resulting resynthesized B. napus plants. Hexaploid Brassica plants of the genomic constitution AABBCC, in which the AA genome was incapable of erucic acid synthesis, had lower erucic acid contents than the B. carinata (BBCC) parent. This is plausible considering the fact that the zero erucic acid AA genome contributes to oil synthesis in AABBCC plants, thus reducing erucic acid content. 相似文献
5.
Inheritance of seed colour in Brassica campestris L. and breeding for yellow-seeded B. napus L. 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Summary Seed colour inheritance was studied in five yellow-seeded and one black-seeded B. campestris accessions. Diallel crosses between the yellow-seeded types indicated that the four var. yellow sarson accessions of Indian origin had the same genotype for seed colour but were different from the Swedish yellow-seeded breeding line. Black seed colour was dominant over yellow. The segregation patterns for seed colour in F2 (Including reciprocals) and BC1 (backcross of F1 to the yellow-seeded parent) indicated that the black seed colour was conditioned by a single dominant gene. Seed colour was mainly controlled by the maternal genotype but influenced by the interplay between the maternal and endosperm and/or embryonic genotypes. For developing yellow-seeded B. napus genotypes, resynthesized B. napus lines containing genes for yellow seed (Chen et al., 1988) were crossed with B. napus of yellow/brown seeds, or with yellow-seeded B. carinata. Yellow-seeded F2 plants were found in the crosses that involved the B. napus breeding line. However, this yellow-seeded character did not breed true up to F4. Crosses between a yellow-seeded F3 plant and a monogenomically controlled black-seeded B. napus line of resynthesized origin revealed that the black-seeded trait in the B. alboglabra genome was possibly governed by two independently dominant genes with duplicated effect. Crossability between the resynthesized B. napus lines as female and B. carinata as male was fairly high. The sterility of the F1 plants prevented further breeding progress for developing yellow-seeded B. napus by this strategy. 相似文献
6.
Inheritance of petal colour and its independent segregation from seed colour in Brassica rapa 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The inheritance of petal (flower) colour and seed colour in Brassica rapa was investigated using two creamy‐white flowered, yellow‐seeded yellow sarson (an ecotype from Indian subcontinent) lines, two yellow‐flowered, partially yellow‐seeded Canadian cultivars and one yellow‐flowered, brown‐seeded rapid cycling accession, and their F1, F2, F3 and backcross populations. A joint segregation of these two characters was examined in the F2 population. Petal colour was found to be under monogenic control, where the yellow petal colour gene is dominant over the creamy‐white petal colour gene. The seed colour was found to be under digenic control and the yellow seed colour (due to a transparent coat) genes of yellow sarson are recessive to the brown/partially yellow seed colour genes of the Canadian B. rapa cvs.‘Candle’ and ‘Tobin’. The genes governing the petal colour and seed colour are inherited independently. A distorted segregation for petal colour was found in the backcross populations of yellow sarson × F1 crosses, but not in the reciprocal backcrosses, i.e. F1× yellow sarson. The possible reason is discussed in the light of genetic diversity of the parental genotypes. 相似文献
7.
The effect of genome composition and cytoplasm on petal colour was studied in Brassica. Three accessions of yellow‐petalled B. rapa (2n= 20, AA) were crossed with a white‐petalled B. oleracea var. alboglabra (2n= 18, CC) and with three cream‐yellow‐petalled B. oleracea var. gongylodes (2n= 18, CC) to produce resynthesized B. napus (2n= 38, AACC or CCAA) and sesquidiploids (2n= 29, AAC or CAA). Petal colour was measured with a Hunter automatic colour difference meter. The results revealed that petal colour in Brassica is controlled by nuclear genes and by cytoplasmic factors. Additive and epistatic gene effects were involved in the action of nuclear genes. When crosses were made between yellow‐petalled B. rapa and white‐petalled B. oleracea var. alboglabra, significant additive, epistatic and cytoplasmic effects were found. White petal colour was partially epistatic over yellow petal colour. When crosses were made between yellow‐petalled B. rapa and cream‐yellow‐petalled B. oleracea var. gongylodes, only epistatic effects were detected. Yellow petal colour was epistatic over cream‐yellow. 相似文献
8.
Two yellow‐seeded white‐petalled Brassica napus F7 inbred lines, developed from interspecific crosses, containing 26–28% emcic acid and more than 40 μmol glucosinolates (GLS)/g seed were crossed with two black/dark brown seeded B. napus varieties of double low quality and 287 doubled haploid (DH) lines were produced. The segregation in the DH lines indicated that three to four gene loci are involved in the determination of seed colour, and yellow seeds are formed when all alleles in all loci are in the homozygous recessive state. A dominant gene governed white petal colour and is linked with an erucic acid allele that, in the homozygous condition, produces 26–28% erucic acid. Four gene loci are involved in the control of total GLS content where low GLS was due to the presence of recessive alleles in the homozygous condition in all loci. From the DH breeding population a yellow‐seeded, yellow‐petalled, zero erucic acid line was obtained. This line was further crossed with conventional B. napus varieties of double low quality and, following pedigree selection, a yellow seeded B. napus of double low quality was obtained. The yellow seeds had higher oil plus protein content and lower fibre content than black seeds. A reduction of the concentration of chromogenic substances was found in the transparent seed coat of the yellow‐seeded B. napus. 相似文献
9.
Identification and inheritance of a partially dominant gene for yellow seed colour in Brassica napus
A yellow‐seeded doubled haploid (DH) line no. 2127‐17, derived from a resynthesized Brassica napus L., was crossed with two black‐seeded Brassica cultivars ‘Quantum’ and ‘Sprint’ of spring type. The inheritance of seed colour was investigated in the F2, and BC1 populations of the two crosses and also in the DH population derived from the F1 of the cross ‘Quantum’× no. 2127‐17. Seed colour analysis was performed with the colorimeter CR‐300 (Minolta, Japan) together with a visual classification system. The immediate F1 seeds of the reciprocals in the two crosses had the same colour as the self‐pollinated seeds of the respective black‐ and yellow‐seeded female parents, indicating the maternal control of seed colour. The F1 plants produced yellow‐brown seeds that were darker in colour than the seeds of no. 2127‐17, indicating the partial dominance of yellow seed over black. In the segregating BC1 progenies of the two crosses, the frequencies of the black‐ and yellow‐seeded plants fit well with a 1 : 1 ratio. In the cross with ‘Quantum’, the frequencies of yellow‐seeded and black‐seeded plants fit with a 13 : 3 ratio in the F2 progeny, and with a 3 : 1 ratio in the DH progeny. However, a 49 : 15 segregation ratio was observed for the yellow‐seeded and black‐seeded plants in the F2 progeny of the cross with ‘Sprint’. It was postulated from these results that seed colour was controlled by three pairs of genes. A dominant yellow‐seeded gene (Y) was identified in no. 2127‐17 that had epistatic effects on the two independent dominant black‐seeded genes (B and C), thereby inhibiting the biosynthesis of seed coat pigments. 相似文献
10.
Development of B-Genome Chromosome Addition Lines of B. napus Using Different Interspecific Brassica Hybrids 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
By interspecific hybridization within the genus Brassica, trigenomic haploids were produced and back-crossed four times with B. napus, variety ‘Andor’. From this material, monosomic B-genome chromosome addition lines were selected with the extra chromosome derived from three different B-genome sources, i.e., B. nigra (BB), B. carinata (BBCC), and B. juncea (AABB). After selfing and/or microspore culture, disomic addition lines were obtained. Meiotic behavior was studied of the trigenomic hybrids, the pentaploid BC1 plants, and the monosomic addition lines. The addition lines were shown to possess cytological stability and good fertility. 相似文献
11.
The crossability between Brassica carinata (BBCC, 2n=34) and Brassica rapa (AA, 2n=20), and the cytomorphology of their F1 hybrids were studied. Hybrids between these two species were only obtained when B. carinata was used as the female parent. The hybrid plants exhibited intermediate leaf and flower morphology, and were found to be free from white rust and Alternaria blight diseases. One of the four F1 plants was completely male sterile, while the remaining plants had 4.8, 8.6, and 10.9% stainable pollen, respectively. No seed was produced on hybrid plants under self pollination or in backcrosses; but seed was obtained from open pollination. The occurrence of the maximum of 11 bivalents as well as up to 44.8%) of cells with multivalent associations in the form of trivalents (0‐2) and a quadrivalent (0‐1) in the trigenomic triploid hybrid (ABC, 2n = 27) revealed intergenomic homoeology among the A, B and C genomes. Meiotic analysis of F1 hybrids indicated that traits of economic importance, such as disease resistance, could be transferred from B. carinata to B. rapa through interspecific crosses. 相似文献
12.
M. Habibur Rahman Rick A. Bennett Rong-Cai Yang Berisso Kebede Mohan R. Thiagarajah 《Euphytica》2011,177(3):365-374
The oilseed Brassica rapa flowers and matures earlier than B. oleracea, as well as their amphidiploid B. napus. Therefore, earliness of B.
rapa has been investigated as a source of variation for earliness in B. napus breeding programs. Variation for days to flower exists in B. oleracea; however, its earliest flowering variant B. alboglabra flowers 2–3 weeks later than B. napus. We hypothesized that the C genome of B. alboglabra carries alleles for early flowering which are different from the C-genome alleles of B. napus; and these alleles can be used for the improvement of B. napus. To test this, we examined flowering time in pedigree and DH populations from two B. napus × B. alboglabra crosses. A B. napus line with about a week earlier flowering than the B. napus parent was achieved through reconstitution of its C genome following pedigree selection. Introgression of the B. alboglabra allele in the early flowering pedigree lines is also evident from the presence of B. alboglabra-specific SSR alleles in this line. However, application of doubled haploidy failed to generate any line that flowered earlier
than the B. napus parent, which is probably due to the difficulty of obtaining large numbers of euploid B. napus DH lines from this interspecific cross. Thus, we demonstrate that a trait of the diploid species, which apparently looks
undesirable, might in fact be highly valuable for the improvement of amphidiploids; and knowledge from this research can also
be applied for other traits. 相似文献
13.
The effect of genome composition and cytoplasm on petal size was studied in Brassica. Two accessions of Brassica rapa (2n = 20, AA) were reciprocally crossed with three accessions of Brassica oleracea (2n =18, CC) to produce resynthesized B. napus (2n = 38, AACC or CCAA) and sesquidiploids (2n = 29, AAC or CAA). Petal size was measured and compared among diploids (AA and CC), sesquidiploids (AAC and CAA) and amphidiploids(AACC and CCAA). The results showed that petal size is a genome‐dependent and highly heritable character. The heritability of petal length is as high as 96.3%. The addition of each C‐genome to the AA genomic background increased the petal length by 4‐5 mm. Cytoplasm of B. oleracea showed a positive effect on petal length by about 1.3 mm over that of B. rapa. Petal width was positively correlated with petal length at a highly significant level (r= 0.806, df = 81). Resynthesized B. napus (AACC) showed significantly larger flower petals than natural rapeseed cultivars (AACC). 相似文献
14.
Anna Stein Benjamin Wittkop Liezhao Liu Christian Obermeier Wolfgang Friedt Rod J. Snowdon 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(4):382-389
A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) influencing seed fibre and colour in Brassica napus was dissected by marker saturation in a doubled haploid (DH) population from the black‐seeded oilseed rape line ‘Express 617’ crossed with a yellow‐seeded B. napus line, ‘1012–98’. The marker at the peak of a sub‐QTL with a strong effect on both seed colour and acid detergent lignin content lay only 4 kb away from a Brassica (H+)‐ATPase gene orthologous to the transparent testa gene AHA10. Near the peak of a second sub‐QTL, we mapped a copy of the key phenylpropanoid biosynthesis gene cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, while another key phenylpropanoid biosynthesis gene, cinnamoyl co‐a reductase 1, was found nearby. In a cross between ‘Express 617’ and another dark‐seeded parent, ‘V8’, Bna.CCR1 was localized in silico near the peak of a corresponding seed fibre QTL, whereas in this case Bna.CAD2/CAD3 lay nearby. Re‐sequencing of the two phenylpropanoid genes via next‐generation amplicon sequencing revealed intragenic rearrangements and functionally relevant allelic variation in the three parents. 相似文献
15.
Brassica carinata A. Braun is a highly productive oilseed crop in the Ethiopian highlands, but the seed has a high 2-propenyl glucosinolate content, which is undesirable. The objective of this study was to introgress, through interspecific crosses, genes for low 2-propenyl glucosinolate content from the B genome of B. juncea and C genome of B. napus into the B. carinata B and C genomes and thus develop low glucosinolate B. carinata. The cross [(B. carinata×B. juncea) ×B. carinata] yielded plants that contained only ～ 20 μmoles of 2-propenyl glucosinolate, which was an 85% reduction compared with levels in B. carinata seed. Plants of the [(B. carinata×B. napus) ×B. carinata] cross had normal high concentrations of 2-propenyl glucosinolate. Backcross plants of both interspecific crosses also contained 3-butenyl and 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl glucosinolates. The results of these crosses suggested that genes for glucosinolate synthesis were located on B genome chromosomes of B. carinata because B. napus C genome introgressions did not result in reductions of total glucosinolate contents. The total alkenyl glucosinolate content of one F3 family of the B. juncea backcross was similar to that of the B. juncea parent. It was concluded that through further selection in this family, B. carinata plants could be identified that would be basically free of 2-propenyl glucosinolate, and have a low total alkenyl glucosinolate content. 相似文献
16.
Disease response of resynthesized Brassica napus L. lines carrying different combinations of resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Resistance responses of resynthesized Brassica napus lines to infection with Plasmodiophora brassicae were investigated. Lines that were derived from interspecific crosses between clubroot-resistant B. rapa and resistant B. oleracea exhibited very broad and effective resistance in both greenhouse and field tests. When clubroot resistance was introduced into resynthesized lines from the B. oleracea parent only, the plants were mainly susceptible. Interspecific hybrids from the most resistant parental genotypes, i.e. B. campestris ECD-04 and the B. oleracea cultivars ECD-15 or ‘Bohmerwaldkohf’, were used to initiate a B. napus resistance-breeding programme. These artificial rapeseed lines were resistant to isolates that were virulent on all B. napus differential lines and/or parental lines. Preliminary segregation analysis suggests that their resistance is due to at least two dominant and unlinked genes. In some cases progenies from selfed resynthesized plants exhibited resistance reactions that differed from those of the parental hybrid plant; this may have been the result of cytological instability. 相似文献
17.
Brassica napus L. was resynthesized through interspecific hybridization between B. alboglabra Bailey and B campestris L. with the objective or developing yellow-seeded forms of this species. For hybridization, one black-seeded form and one light brown-seeded form of B. alboglabra (a subordinate of B. oleracea) and one brown and ten yellow-seeded forms of B. campestris were chosen as parents. Crosses with B. alboglabra as the female parent were more successful than crushes with B. campestris as female. The use of the embryo rescue culture technique greatly increased the number of surviving hybrid embryos. Colchicine treatment was required for doubling the chromosome number of the amphihaploid hybrid plants. In the newly-resynthesized rape forms, the white petal of B. alboglabra was partially epistatic over the yellow petal of B. campestris. The self compatibility of B. alboglabra was hypostatic to the self incompatibility of B. campestris. The black-seeded character of B. alboglabra and the brown-seeded character of B. campestris were completely eptstatic over the yellow-seeded character of B. campestris and the light brown-seeded character of B. alboglabra. Implications of the results from this study in breeding yellow-seeded B. napus are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Pod shatter susceptibility was investigated in Brassica napus germplasm and shatter resistant species of B. juncea and Sinapis alba. The comparisons were made by measuring seed yield in field plots, detached pod rupture energy (RE) and the half‐life of pod‐opening. Pod shatter resistance was significantly greater in B. napus lines derived from interspecific hybridizations of B. napus with B. rapa, B. carinata and B. juncea, than common B. napus cultivars. While these lines exhibited no significant difference in resistance to pod shatter than B. juncea, an entry of S. alba had no yield loss caused by pod shatter. Resistance to pod shatter was characterized in the field as little or no yield loss after full maturity, delayed shattering in time, and stable yield performance under variable climatic conditions during pod maturity. Yield loss caused by pod shatter ranged from a low of 4% for the B. juncea cv. ‘AC Vulcan’ to a high of 61% for the black seeded B. napus line DH12075 in 2‐year field trials after 1 month maturity. Pod shatter resistance was not significantly associated with specific plant and pod morphological traits, except pod length (P = 0.005) in tested materials. Field visual scores of pod shatter through inspections of average pod shatter per plant within plots were highly correlated with plot yield loss. Indoor quantitative evaluations of pod strength using a pendulum machine to measure pod RE and random impact test to measure half‐life of pod‐opening resistance were highly correlated with field yield loss. Multiple evaluations of pod shatter in method and in time after pod maturity are recommended for reliable evaluation of pod shatter resistance. 相似文献
19.
Although strong intersubgenomic heterosis for seed production has been observed between “natural” domesticated Brassica napus (rapeseed, AACC) and a new type of rapeseed into which subgenomic components of Brassica rapa (AA) have been introgressed, the molecular genetic mechanism of this intersubgenomic heterosis is not understood. In this
study, a recombinant inbred line population of new type rapeseed derived from a cross between B. napus and B. rapa, together with a population from a backcross with the parental line of B. napus, was used to identify single-locus quantitative trait locus (QTL) and interacting QTL pairs for yield and nine yield-related
traits. More than half of single-locus QTLs and interacting QTL pairs detected were involved with the novel alleles induced
by the introgression of B. rapa. The alleles directly from B. rapa A genome played a secondary role in contributing to intersubgenomic heterosis. Allelic and nonallelic interactions of both
novel alleles generated by B. rapa introgression and the alleles directly from B. rapa A genome contributed to the intersubgenomic heterosis between “natural” domesticated rapeseed and new type rapeseed into
which B. rapa had been introgressed. Six loci for fixed heterosis were identified and their possible applications are also discussed. 相似文献
20.
Fifteen lines of Brassica napus were resynthesized via ovule culture through 24 interspecific crosses between four Brassica oleracea and three Brassica campestris accessions. The degree of success in the interspecific crosses was significantly influenced by maternal genotypes. The interspecific hybrid production rate (HPR) varied with combinations from 0 to 76.9%, with a mean HPR of 24.7% for the crosses with B. campestris as the female parent and 6.9% for the crosses with B. oleracea as female parent. Twenty‐four crosses between seven natural and six resynthesized B. napus gave, on average, 10.3 seeds per pod, and ranged from 1.2 to 22.0 seeds per pod, depending on genotypes of both parents. Resynthesized lines of B. napus showed high erucic acid content and variable content of linolenic acid, ranging from 3.4% to 9.9%. The fatty acid composition in hybrid seeds between natural and resynthesized B. napus was dominated by the embryo genotypes; an additive mode was shown for erucic acid and positive over‐dominance for linolenic acid content. 相似文献