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正云南省农科院蚕桑蜜蜂研究所采用叶碟喷雾法,测定了鱼藤酮、印楝素、苦参碱、苦皮藤素、藜芦碱、乙基多杀菌素、四氯虫酰胺、吡丙醚等8种常用杀虫剂对桑园朱砂叶螨成螨和螨卵的室内毒力,并以食下毒叶法检测了对家蚕3龄起蚕的急性毒性。结果表明,印楝素、苦参碱、鱼藤酮、苦皮藤素、藜芦碱对朱砂叶螨成螨毒杀活性较高,半致死浓度(LC_(50)值)分 相似文献
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在实验室内研究了高温和阿维菌素对朱砂叶满的胁迫效应及胁迫后热休克蛋白的表达。结果表明,朱砂叶螨在34℃下,持续高温饲养1年后对阿维菌素的LC50为26℃下饲养的敏感品系的2.1396倍;抗阿维菌素品系连续用药24代,抗性倍数达4.1494倍。抗阿维菌素品系与敏感品系在高温48℃下胁迫1h后死亡率差异不显著,但均显著高于耐高温品系;采用SDS-PAGE电泳检测各品系43℃热处理前后的蛋白表达情况,结果发现,朱砂叶螨耐高温品系与敏感和阿维菌素抗性品系相比,热急前后,97.2kDa条带都特异表达;阿维菌素抗性品系与敏感品系相比,28.5、26.8kDa条带表达增强,抗性品系43℃热激1.5h后,98.6 kDa条带表达明显强于其它条带;43℃热激1.5h后,各品系分子量为54.9kDa的主条带表达减弱,75.9kDa条带表达增强,其中以耐高温品系的75.9kDa条带表达最强。研究结果推测这些蛋白表达的变化可能与其耐热性及抗药性有关。 相似文献
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探求3种不同杀虫剂对2种品系白蚊伊蚊的致死效果,并对其抗性进行对比研究。在(26.3±1.0)℃,相对湿度(65.0±10.0)%的条件下,采用浸渍法测定了高效氯氰菊酯、敌敌畏、残杀威分别对敏感、野生品系白纹伊蚊24 h内的半数致死浓度LC_(50)及其抗性倍数。高效氯氰菊酯对敏感品系和野外品系的白纹伊蚊24 h内的半数致死浓度分别为0.0073 mg/L和0.0189 mg/L;敌敌畏对敏感品系和野生品系的白蚊伊蚊24 h内半数致死浓度LC_(50)分别为0.2062 mg/L和0.5115 mg/L,残杀威对野外和敏感品系和野生品系的白蚊伊蚊LC_(50)分别为3.5987 mg/L和1.6796 mg/L。在抗性测定试验中,残杀威抗性倍数为2.1,相对另外2种药物,其抗性倍数最低,高效氯氰菊酯和敌敌畏分别为2.6和2.5,综合考虑致死效果及积累因素,3种药物都为低抗性药物,高效氯氰菊酯的致死效果最好,残杀危的抗性最小。 相似文献
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9种杀螨剂对朱砂叶螨不同发育阶段的室内毒力测定 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
室内采用FAO推荐的玻片浸渍法和叶碟法分别测定了9种杀螨剂对朱砂叶螨雌成螨和卵的毒力。结果表明,杀螨活性最高的是阿维菌素,其次是溴虫腈,卡死克、噻螨酮、哒螨灵、三唑锡也具有较好的杀螨效果,炔螨特的杀螨效果较差,甲氰菊酯和氧化乐果的杀螨效果最差;阿维菌素对朱砂叶螨卵的毒力最高,毒力次之的是噻螨酮、哒螨灵、溴虫腈、三唑锡和卡死克,甲氰菊酯、炔螨特和氧化乐果对卵的毒力最差。另外,对朱砂叶螨雌成螨和卵毒力相差最大的是噻螨酮和哒螨灵,毒力分别相差150.27和134.28倍;其次为三唑锡,相差69.80倍;溴虫腈、卡死克、阿维菌素、氧化乐果、甲氰菊酯、炔螨特对卵和雌成螨的毒力差别相对较小。 相似文献
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黄花蒿杀螨活性物质的提取分离及活性评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用石油醚(30￣60℃)、石油醚(60￣90℃)、乙醇、丙酮和水等5种溶剂对采自6月份的黄花蒿的根、茎、叶分别进行活性成分的初步提取,然后用柱层析进行分离检查,并进一步用分离得到的组份对朱砂叶螨进行生物测定。结果表明,在黄花蒿根、茎、叶的不同溶剂提取物中,丙酮提取物对朱砂叶螨普遍具有较高的触杀活性。其中叶的丙酮提取物杀螨活性最高,在48h内(5mg/ml)的杀螨校正死亡率达到98.95%。在分离的13个大的组分中,第11和12组分活性较高,48h,5mg/ml对朱砂叶螨的校正死亡率分别为99.30%,和99.29%。用这两组份对朱砂叶螨进行毒力回归分析,得到它们的LC50分别为0.3683、0.1586mg/ml。 相似文献
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采用石油醚（30~60℃）、石油醚（60~90℃）、乙醇、丙酮和水等5种溶剂对采自6月份的黄花蒿的根、茎、叶分别进行活性成分的初步提取,然后用柱层析进行分离检查,并进一步用分离得到的组份对朱砂叶螨进行生物测定。结果表明,在黄花蒿根、茎、叶的不同溶剂提取物中,丙酮提取物对朱砂叶螨普遍具有较高的触杀活性。其中叶的丙酮提取物杀螨活性最高,在48h内（5mg/ml）的杀螨校正死亡率达到98.95%。在分离的13个大的组分中,第11和12组分活性较高,48h,5mg/ml对朱砂叶螨的校正死亡率分别为99.30%,和99.29%。用这两组份对朱砂叶螨进行毒力回归分析,得到它们的LC50分别为0.3683、0.1586 mg/ml。 相似文献
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<正>为明确7种常用杀螨剂对花生上二斑叶螨和朱砂叶螨的毒力差异和防治效果,并为不同优势种群的防治提供高效药剂,山东农业大学植物保护学院研究人员采用浸虫法,测定了7种杀螨剂对两种叶螨雌成螨和卵的毒力。毒力测定结果表明,螺虫乙酯对二斑叶螨成螨的毒力最高,LC_(50) 相似文献
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利用新乡、灵宝、太康．南阳、虞城等县１９８０～１９８９年间共计１５年次的棉红蜘蛛发生资料，建立了基于Ｆｕｚｚｙ相关分析的棉红蜘蛛发生程度综合决策模型。对模型的预测效果检验表明，模型与历史实测结果的符合率最高达８６．７０％，１９９０～１９９１年对太康、郑州和南阳棉田红蜘蛛发生程度实际预测准确度达１００％。 相似文献
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[Objective] Based on the representative 236 cotton varieties in Xinjiang, the resistance of cotton to mites was identified, and the waxy content and waxy components of leaves were analyzed to lay a foundation for cotton breeding. [Method] In the cotton seedling stage, the waxy content of the leaves of different cotton varieties was determined, and the waxy components of the leaves were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. [Result] Most cotton varieties are sensitive to the damage of cotton mites. There were 2 high resistance varieties, 3 resistant materials, 22 medium resistant materials, 207 sensitive materials and 2 high-sensitivity materials in 236 cotton materials. The waxy content on the surface of cotton leaves was significantly negatively correlated with leaf damage levels. The waxy components of cotton leaves were mainly alkane compounds, containing a small amount of esters, ethers and fatty acids. The content of alkanes and esters in waxy leaves of high-resistance cotton germplasm materials was higher than that of high-sensitivity materials. The compound with the largest difference in content are C24H50, C35H72 and C17H36. [Conclusion] These results lay a foundation for further study on the effects of waxy content on host selection and mite resistance of cotton mites. 相似文献
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棉花叶片营养价值差异与抗螨性 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
本文评价了棉花叶内营养物质和次生物质如：全氮，可溶氮，棉酚和单宁含量与抗螨性的关系。棉叶螨在苗期叶片上比在花铃期叶片上有更高的增殖力，这与花铃期叶片内含有更高的增殖力，这与花铃期叶片内含有更高的单宁含量和更低的氮素含量有关。抗螨品系川９８－１９在苗期有很强的生长势和低的可溶氮含量。在中棉所１２苗期叶片匀浆液稀释８倍的人工膜系统内加０．５％单宁对叶螨有强烈的排拒性。 相似文献
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在具有室内高抗Bt棉棉铃虫品系的前提下,F1代法是检测棉铃虫对Bt棉抗性等位基因频率的最简捷、快速的生物测定方法。2010－2012年采用F1代法检测了河北省邱县棉铃虫田间种群对Bt棉的抗性等位基因频率变化。结果表明,2010－2012年采集的122、141及124头田间雄虫中,分别有32、22及43头携带抗性基因,抗性等位基因频率分别为0.131(95%置信限CI:0.101～0.162)、0.078(95% CI:0.034～0.122)及0.199(95% CI:0.124～0.274)。2012年采用带毒饲料法测定河北邱县等4个地区Bt棉田间棉铃虫对Cry1Ac的抗性。结果表明,河北邱县棉铃虫种群的抗性最高(抗性倍数RR为19.2倍）,明显高于湖北荆州、湖北枣阳和安徽萧县种群的抗性（RR为4.9～9.3倍)。该地区长期大面积种植转单价Bt棉导致田间棉铃虫抗性进化,需要尽快采取有效的抗性治理措施。 相似文献
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人工模拟“庇护所”和“非庇护所”条件下棉铃虫对Bt棉的抗性演变 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
人工饲料中添加转Bt基因杂交棉品种中棉所29棉仁粉,建立杂交和自交品系分别模拟“庇护所”和“非庇护所”条件,连续多代进行棉铃虫对Bt棉的抗性筛选。结果表明：经11代筛选,棉铃虫自交品系和杂交品系的幼虫死亡率下降,体重和体长增加,幼虫历期缩短,化蛹率和羽化率增加。依据幼虫死亡率、体重、体长、幼虫历期以及化蛹率、羽化率等生命参数的演变,相较杂交品系,自交品系对Bt棉能更快地产生适应性。11代筛选后,利用不同抗性品系棉铃虫进行转基因棉抗虫性评估,结果表明：相比敏感品系,杂交品系测定4个转基因棉品种的抗虫性等级未发生变化,而中棉所29等3个转基因棉品种对棉铃虫自交品系的抗性下降了1个等级。对Bt制剂的抗性测定结果表明,杂交品系的抗性倍数为2.5215,自交品系的抗性倍数为9.3876。据本研究初步结果,利用“庇护所”策略延缓棉铃虫对转Bt基因棉的抗性产生是可行的。 相似文献
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[Objective] This study aims to explore the difference of imidacloprid resistance between Aphid gossypii and Aphid craccivora in intercropping field of cotton and peanut, and the mechanism of imidacloprid resistance to A. craccivora, so as to scientifically control these pests and to effectively avoid the rapid development of the resistance to imidacloprid. [Method] Two A. gossypii field populations and two A. craccivora field populations were collected from intercropping field of cotton and peanut in Juye and Linqing county of Shandong province, China. The bioassay experiment with two A. gossypii field populations, the bioassay and synergism experiment in two A. craccivora field populations were performed by the leaf dipping method. In addition, the activities of carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) were assayed in the susceptible strain and two field populations of A. craccivora. [Result] Two A. gossypii field populations from Linqing and Juye exhibited moderate levels of resistance to imidacloprid, with the resistance ratios of 43.2- and 54.6-fold, while two A. craccivora field populations from Linqing and Juye showed susceptible and low level of resistance to imidacloprid, with the resistance ratio of 3.7- and 8.3-fold, respectively. According to the synergistic experiments, PBO and DEM significantly synergized imidacloprid in A. gossypii field population of Juye with the synergistic ratio of 3.63- and 1.95-fold, respectively, and TPP had no effect on imidacloprid toxicity. In A. craccivora field population of Linqing, PBO significantly synergized imidacloprid with the synergistic ratio of 3.05-fold, and DEM and TPP had no effect on imidacloprid. Further enzyme activity tests revealed that the activities of P450 and GST in Juye A. craccivora population were significantly higher than susceptible strain, and the activity of CarE had no significant difference between Juye A. craccivora population and susceptible strain. However, the activity of P450 in Linqing A. craccivora population was higher than susceptible strain, and the activities of CarE and GST had no significant differences. [Conclusion] Sensitivity of the two aphids in intercropping field of cotton and peanut to imidacloprid were greatly different, and P450 and GST may play an important role in resistance of A. craccivora to imidacloprid. The results are valuable for reasonable use of pesticides to delay the development of pesticide resistance of two aphids. 相似文献
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Zingiberene, a sesquiterpene present in glandular trichomes of Lycopersicon hirsutum Dunal var. hirsutum ‘PI-127826’, is responsible for the high level of arthropod resistance in this taxon. The current paper has the following
objectives: (a) to quantify zingiberene content in tomato plants obtained from the interspecific cross L. esculentum Mill. × L. hirsutum var hirsutum; (b) to identify, classify and quantify glandular and non-glandular trichome types present in those plants; (c) to assess
the level of resistance of those genotypes to spider mites (Tetranychus evansi); (d) to estimate correlations between glandular trichomes, zingiberene contents and mite repellence. Zingiberene content
were quantified by a colorimetric method (Freitas, 1999); trichomes were counted from foliar paradermic slide preparations;
mite resistance was assessed by a repellence test (Weston & Snyder, 1990). The results indicate that indirect selection for
zingiberene content led to correlated increases both in the number of glandular trichomes (particulary type IV) and in the
levels of mite repellence. These results were found both in BPX-368 [=F2 (L. esculentum ‘TOM-556’ × L hirsutum var. hirsutum ‘PI-127826’)] and in the subsequent generation BPX-368B (which represents one additional backcross to L.esculentum). Zingiberene appears therefore to be the main factor involved in mite repellence. Density of glandular trichomes in tomato
leaflets markedly influences total zingiberene content. Type IV trichome density was the highest, and it was highly correlated
to zingiberene content.
Graduate Student;
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献