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1.
Fayiz M. Reda Ismail E. Ismail Mohamed M. El-Mekkawy Mayada R. Farag Hemat K. Mahmoud Mahmoud Alagawany 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2020,104(1):196-203
The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with some feed additives (potassium sorbate; Sor, hydrated sodium calcium almuniosilicate; Hsc and L-methionine; L-M) against aflatoxin B1 (AF) toxicity in rabbits. A total of 72 growing rabbits (5-week-old) were distributed into six equal groups (4 replicates with 3 rabbits each). The experimental groups are as follows: control group, AF group (supplemented with AF 0.3 mg/kg diet), AF + Sor group (AF 0.3 mg/kg diet + Sor 2 g/kg diet), AF + Hsc group (AF 0.3 mg/kg diet + Hsc 5 g/kg diet), AF + L-M group (AF 0.3 mg/kg diet + L-M 8 g/kg diet) and AF + Mix group (AF 0.3 mg/kg diet + 2 Sor + 5 Hsc + 8 L-M g/kg diet). Live body weight and weight gain at 13 weeks of age were significantly reduced by AF. Feed intake at 13 weeks of age was decreased in AF, AF + Hsc and AF + Mix compared to the control. AF, AF + Hsc and AF + Mix showed the lowest total antioxidant capacity compared to the control. The highest level of reactive oxygen species and 8-Hydroxy-2-desoxyguanosine was observed in AF group. Using of other supplements with AF increased immunoglobulinM than AF alone. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of Sor, L-M, Hsc or their mixture was effective in reducing the adverse effects of AF on performance, antioxidant and immune status of rabbits with more better improvement obtained by Sor or L-M separately. 相似文献
2.
Ellakany Hany F. Abuakkada Somaia S. Oda Samah S. El-Sayed Yasser Said 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(1):249-257
The present study was conducted to evaluate the adverse effects of an interaction between low levels of dietary aflatoxins
(AF) and Eimeria tenella infection on broiler chicks. A set of 1-day-old chicks were raised for 35 days in the following groups: a control group,
a group fed AF, a group fed AF and inoculated with E. tenella (AF + E.ten), and a group inoculated with E. tenella alone. AF in the contaminated diet were given at 200 ppb starting from the seventh day after hatching while E. tenella was inoculated at a dose of 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts per chick at the 14th day after hatching. Worsened performance traits and high mortality were all observed
in the treated birds, particularly the AF + E.ten group. Lesion scores and oocyst outputs were not different within groups. Chickens fed with AF had significantly increased
serum ALT and ALP activities as well as decreased albumin content. They also showed hepatomegaly, hepatocytic vacuolation
and necrosis, an atrophied bursa of Fabricius, and a thymus with tissue depletion. E. tenella-infected broilers displayed a significant reduction in packed cell volume, hemoglobin content and lymphocyte percentage,
and showed hemorrhagic typhlitis. The deficits in hepatic function and hematologic parameters as well as the gross pathological,
and histopathological changes, were more common and more severe in the group that was exposed to both aflatoxicosis and coccidiosis
than in the groups exposed to either treatment alone. Thus, the combination of aflatoxicosis and E. tenella infection may influence the course of coccidial infection due to additive effects. 相似文献
3.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the adequacy of applying heat treatment and methionine (Met) supplementation to
improve the use of bitter vetch (BV) as a feed ingredient in the growth diet of broilers. A total of 540 Ross-308 chicks were
fed various BV-supplemented diets between the ages of 35 and 49 days. The chicks were assigned randomly to one of nine experimental
treatments, including raw and cooked bitter vetch seeds at two levels (100 and 200 g/kg) with or without Met (210 mg/kg) supplement
and a corn–soybean-based diet as control. Results showed that feeding the 200-g/kg raw BV decreased feed intake by 52% in
relation to the control diet (P < 0.05). Cooking the BV did not improve the feed intake. Met supplementation of 100 g/kg raw or cooked BV and 200 g/kg cooked
BV resulted to a similar feed intake in the control group. Chicks fed with the 200 g/kg raw BV had an average depressed body
weight gain of 90% in comparison to the birds fed with the control diet. The combination of cooking and Met supplementation
of this diet resulted to a similar body weight gain to the control diet. Feeding 100 g/kg of raw or cooked BV also reduced
(P < 0.05) body weight gain, and Met supplementation of these diets resulted in a body weight gain similar to the control group.
Chicks fed with 100 g/kg of raw or cooked BV supplemented with Met or 200 g/kg of cooked BV plus Met has similar feed conversion
ratio to the control group. In conclusion, heating BV seeds is not sufficient to overcome the limiting effects of BV seeds
on feed intake and weight gain, and that Met supplementation does provide some improvement. The combination of cooking and
Met supplementation was more efficient. 相似文献
4.
The effect of supplementation with increasing levels of dried leaves of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) on feed intake, body weight gain, and carcass yield characteristics of finisher Ross broiler chicks was studied at Haramaya
University, Ethiopia. Three hundred Ross broiler chicks aging 29 days and weighing 540 ± 5.28 g (mean ± SD) were randomly
distributed to 15 pens, each with 20 chicks, representing five treatment rations each with three replications. Dietary treatments
consisted of inclusions of dried leaves of sweet potato at levels of 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 g/kg DM for treatments T1, T2,
T3, T4, and T5, respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days, during which, dry matter intake (DMI), body weight gain,
and feed conversion efficiency; carcass yield characteristics; and weights and lengths of different parts of gastrointestinal
tract were measured. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using SAS (1998). Inclusion of dried leaves of sweet potato
at the level of 200 g/kg DM resulted in lower (P < 0.01) daily DMI as compared to chicks in control diet (T1). The daily body weight gain declined (P < 0.01) when the level of dried leaves of sweet potato in the diet was 150 and 200 g/kg DM. Inclusion of dried leaves of
sweet potato up to 100 g/kg DM did not affect (P > 0.05) eviscerated carcass weight, and weights of drumstick with thigh and breast meat were not affected (P > 0.05) by inclusion of dried leaves of sweet potato up to 150 g/kg DM. The results of this study revealed that inclusion
of dried leaves of sweet potato up to 100 g/kg DM in the finisher ration might be considered as the optimum level of supplementation
when chickens are sold on live weight basis, but if birds are sold on eviscerated carcass weight basis, inclusion up to 150 g/kg
DM might be economically feasible as it produced higher carcass yield components. 相似文献
5.
G. Ajitkumar T. Sreekumaran R. Praseeda K. A. Mercy K. N. Aravinda Ghosh 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(1):65-69
Forty bitches in anoestrus for more than six months from the last heat, with a serum progesterone level less than 1 ng/ml
were subjected to oestrus induction trials using anti-prolactin drugs and levothyroxine, once daily orally for 20 consecutive
days. The mean serum progesterone level among them was found to be 0.57 ± 0.03 ng/ml. Out of 10 animals treated in each group,
five (50%) in Group I (bromocriptine @ 50 μg/kg body weight), nine (90%) in Group II (cabergoline @ 5 μg/kg body weight),
eight (80%) in Group III (thyroxine @10 μg/kg body weight) and seven (70%) in Group IV (thyroxine @ 5 μg/kg body weight) responded
by evincing proestrual bleeding. The mean (±SEM) time taken from initiation of treatment to onset of proestrual bleeding in
Groups I, II, III and IV was 28 ± 3.39, 13.44 ± 3.12 (P < 0.05), 24.50 ± 3.18 and 33 ± 2.21 days respectively. The mean (±SEM)
duration of proestrus and oestrus in the treatment groups was 9.80 ± 0.86, 10.11 ± 0.68, 11.25 ± 0.88 and 10.71 ± 0.68 days
and 7.60 ± 0.24, 8 ± 0.29, 8.5 ± 0.63 and 7.85 ± 0.46 days respectively. The conception rate in relation to the number of
animals responding to oestrus induction in the treatment groups was 80%, 78%, 63% and 57%, respectively. The mean (±SEM) gestation
length calculated from the last breeding date and litter size in the treatment groups varied from 60.50 ± 1.55 to 64.00 ± 0.82 days
and 5.14 ± 0.34 to 6.40 ± 0.40 respectively. 相似文献
6.
Effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes supplementation on milk production and nutrient utilization in Murrah buffaloes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Shekhar Chandra Thakur Sudarshan S. Shelke Sachin K. 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(7):1465-1470
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of commercial exogenous fibrolytic enzyme (EFE) mixture added at 1.5
and 3.0 g (cellulase 4,000 μM glucose/g/h + xylanase 7,990 μM xylose/g/min; 50:50 w/w) per kilogram of dry matter (DM) of feed on nutrient digestibility, milk production, milk composition, and some blood constituents
in lactating Murrah buffaloes. Eighteen buffaloes were allotted to three dietary treatments, on the basis of milk yield (8.48,
8.52, and 8.53 kg/day) and days in lactation (68.5, 80.33, and 82.00) for 90 days. The buffaloes were fed a total mixed ration
(TMR) comprising of 45% chaffed wheat straw, 15% chopped green maize, and 40% concentrate on DM basis (control group), the
same TMR plus EFE at 1.5 g/kg DM (T-1 group) and the same TMR plus EFE at 3.0 g/kg DM (T-2 group) supplemented through the
concentrate mixture. There was no effect of fortifying EFE mixture on DM intake and crude protein intake (grams per day) whereas
total digestible nutrients intake (kilogram per day) was higher by (P < 0.05) 12.53% in T-1 group over that of control, and there was no significant difference between T-2 and control groups.
The average daily milk yield and 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM) yield was higher (P < 0.05) by 12.99% and 15.17% in T-1 group as over that of control, and there was no difference between T-2 and control groups.
There was no (P > 0.05) difference in blood glucose and blood urea nitrogen concentration in different experimental groups. It is concluded
that supplementation of cellulase and xylanase mixture at 1.5 g/kg of DM of TMR containing wheat straw (45%), green maize
(15%), and concentrate (40%) on DM basis significantly increased (P < 0.05) the average daily milk yield and FCM yield in Murrah buffaloes due to improved dietary fiber digestion. 相似文献
7.
A feeding trial with growing pigs was carried out in which fish meal was replaced by different levels of Tra catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) by-product processing waste water (WW). A control diet included fish meal (FM) as the sole protein supplement (WW0), and
there were four experimental diets in which 100% (WW100), 75% (WW75), 50% (WW50), and 25% (WW25), respectively, of the crude
protein from FM in WW0 was replaced by WW. Thirty crossbred castrated (Yorkshire × Landrace) male pigs with an initial average
body weight of 23.6 ± 1.6 kg were allocated into 30 individual pens in a randomized complete block design with six replications.
Average daily feed intake and essential amino acid intakes were higher (P < 0.01) in WW0 and WW25 compared with the other three diets, and ether extract intake was highest in WW100 (P < 0.01). The highest average daily gain was in WW0 (582 g/day) and lowest in WW100 (501 g/day; P < 0.01). Dry matter feed conversion ratio was lowest in WW100 (2.16 kg feed/kg gain) and highest in WW0 (2.42 kg feed/kg
gain) (P < 0.01).The cost/gain in pigs fed WW100 was lowest (12,476 VND/kg gain), and was highest in WW0 (18,312 VND/kg gain). In
conclusion, although performance is reduced, it is possible to replace up to 100% of the fish meal by catfish by-product processing
waste water in diets for growing pigs, resulting in much lower feed costs. 相似文献
8.
Ravinder Sappal Rakesh Kumar Chaudhary Harpal Singh Sandhu Pritam Kaur Sidhu 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(7):659-667
Pharmacokinetics, urinary excretion and plasma protein binding of danofloxacin was investigated in buffalo calves following
intravenous administration at the dose rate of 1.25 mg/kg to select the optimal dosage regimen of danofloxacin. Drug concentrations
in plasma and urine were measured by microbiological assaying. In vitro plasma protein binding was determined employing the equilibrium dialysis technique. The distribution and elimination of danofloxacin
were rapid, as indicated by values (mean ±SD) of distribution half-life (t1/2α = 0.16 ± 0.07 h) and elimination half-life (t1/2β = 4.24 ± 1.78 h), respectively. Volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) = 3.98 ± 1.69 L/kg indicated large distribution
of drug. The area under plasma drug concentration versus time curve (AUC) was 1.79 ± 0.28 μg/mlxh and MRT was 8.64 ± 0.61 h.
Urinary excretion of danofloxacin was 23% within 48 h of its administration. Mean plasma protein binding was 36% at concentrations
ranging from 0.0125 μg/ml to 1 μg/ml. On the basis of pharmacokinetic parameters obtained, it is concluded that the revision
of danofloxacin dosage regimen in buffalo calves is needed because the current dosage schedule (1.25 mg/kg) is likely to promote
resistance. 相似文献
9.
Mendoza-Nazar P Mendoza-Martínez GD Herrera-Haro J Ruiz-Sesma B Bárcena-Gama R Tarango-Arámbula L 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):681-684
Sixteen male red deer (Cervus elaphus), with an initial weight of 93.83 ± 4.38 kg were used to study the effect of the dietary level of ruminally protected methionine
(RPM) on growth, antler morphometry and serum metabolites. The deer were allowed to graze and were individually supplemented
with concentrate to provide 0, 2.5, 3.5 or 4.5 g/day of RPM for 65 days. There was a quadratic effect on daily weight gain
(0.163, 0.098, 0.147 and 0.172 kg/day; P < 0.005) and antler beam length (59.7, 63.6, 63.0 and 57.2 cm; P < 0.02) for RPM levels of 0 to 4.5 g/day, respectively. The brow tine length and the number of points were similar across
all treatments. Serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) was reduced (quadratic effect; P < 0.02; 22.0, 29.6, 18.0 and 17.8 IU/l) to RPM levels of 0 to 4.5 g/day, respectively, whereas other metabolites (glucose,
cholesterol, urea, creatinine, total protein and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT]) were unchanged. Increasing
the RPM dose did not affect weight gain or antler growth. Methionine supplementation reduced the activity of SGPT. 相似文献
10.
Wondwosen Alemu Solomon Melaku Adugna Tolera 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(4):623-631
A digestibility, feed intake, and carcass evaluation experiment using 20 yearling intact male Sidama goats weighing 16.4 ± 0.63 kg
(mean ± SD) was conducted in Ethiopia with the objectives to determine feed intake, digestibility, body weight (BW) gain,
and carcass parameters. The treatments included feeding natural pasture hay (T1, control) and supplementation with cottonseed
cake (284 g—T2), linseed cake (250 g—T3), and noug seed cake (296 g—T4) on dry matter (DM) basis to supply 85 g crude protein
(CP) per head per day. Randomized complete block design for feed intake and BW parameters and complete randomized design for
digestibility and carcass parameters were used. Hay DM intake was higher (P < 0.01) for T1 than for the other treatments. T3 promoted higher (P < 0.01) DM (29.3 g/kg W0.75/day) and CP (14.1 g/kg W0.75/day) intake than T4 (8.9 g/kg W0.75/day DM and 4.1 g/kg W0.75/day CP). T3 showed better (P < 0.05) organic matter and CP digestibility than T2. Goats in T3 had higher nitrogen intake (P < 0.01) and retention (P < 0.05) than those in T1. Goats in T2 and T3 showed higher (P < 0.05) daily BW gain and final BW than those in T4 and T1. Goats in T2 and T3 had higher (P < 0.05) slaughter weight, empty BW, hot carcass weight, rib-eye muscle area, and dressing percentage on slaughter weight
basis than those in T1. The results showed that T2 and T3 had similar effect on CP intake, daily BW gain, and carcass parameters
for growing Sidama goats fed natural pasture hay. 相似文献
11.
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of supplementing Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) on growth performance, carcass and non-carcass characteristics of crossbred Xhosa lop-eared goats. A total of
24 castrated goats aged 8 months, with a mean initial weight of 15.1 ± 2.3 kg, were randomly divided into three diet groups
with eight goats in each. The duration of the trial was 60 days. All goats received a basal diet of grass hay (GH) ad libitum
and wheat bran (200 g/day each). The MOL and sunflower cake (SC) groups were fed additional 200 g of dried M. oleifera leaves and 170 g of SC, respectively. The third group (GH) did not receive any additional ration. The crude protein of MOL
(23.75%) and SC (23.27%) were higher (P < 0.05) than that of the GH diet (14.08%). The attained average daily weight gain for goats fed MOL, SC and GH were 103.3,
101.3 and 43.3 g, respectively (P < 0.05). Higher (P < 0.05) feed intakes observed were in SC (491.5 g) and MOL (490.75 g) compared with GH (404.5 g). The hot carcass weight
was higher (P < 0.05) for SC (10.48 kg) and MOL (10.34 kg) than for the GH group (8.59 kg). The dressing percentage in SC (55.8%) and MOL
(55.1%) were higher (P < 0.05) than that of the GH (52.9%). The growth performance and carcass characteristics of SC and MOL goats were not different.
Feeding MOL or SC improved the growth performance and carcass characteristics of goats in an almost similar way, which indicates
that M. oleifera could be used as an alternative protein supplement in goats. 相似文献
12.
The effect of total mixed ratios containing wheat middlings (WM) as a corn grain substitute on the growth performance and
carcass traits of Comisana ewe lambs was evaluated. Forty ewe lambs, with average live body weight of 13 ± 0.3 kg (mean ± SEM),
were allocated randomly to two isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets for 50 days. Control diet contained 400 g/kg of dry matter
(DM) of corn as the main starchy source, whereas experimental diet contained 600 g/kg DM of WM. In vivo nutrient apparent
digestibility of the two diets was determined using Comisana rams (mean body weight, 65 ± 2.3 kg) and indicated significant
(P < 0.05) differences for neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, cellulose and hemicellulose fractions. Results from
the trial using Comisana ewe lambs showed that growth traits were unaffected by dietary treatments as well as none of the
carcass measurements examined (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that WM results as a suitable feed ingredient for growing ewe lambs that can be a satisfactory
substitute to conventional grain source. 相似文献
13.
Diminution of aflatoxin toxicity to growing lambs by dietary supplementation with hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate. 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
R B Harvey L F Kubena T D Phillips D E Corrier M H Elissalde W E Huff 《American journal of veterinary research》1991,52(1):152-156
Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), an anticaking agent for mixed feed, was added to the diets of growing wethers (mean body weight, 34.0 kg) and was evaluated for its ability to diminish the clinical signs of aflatoxicosis. The experimental design consisted of 4 treatment groups of 5 wethers each, consuming concentrations of 0 g of HSCAS and 0 g of aflatoxin (AF)/kg of feed (control; group 1); 20 g of HSCAS/kg (2.0%; group 2), 2.6 mg of AF/kg (group 3); or 20 g of HSCAS (2.0%) plus 2.6 mg of AF/kg (group 4). Wethers were maintained in indoor pens, with feed and water available ad libitum for 42 days. Lambs were observed twice daily and weighed weekly, and blood samples were obtained every 2 weeks for hematologic and serum biochemical analyses and for measurement of mitogen-induced lymphocyte-stimulation index. At the termination of the study, wethers were euthanatized and necropsied. Body weight gain was diminished significantly (P less than 0.05) by consumption of 2.6 mg of AF/kg of feed, whereas body weight of lambs consuming HSCAS plus AF did not differ from that of control wethers. The AF-alone treatment increased serum aspartate transaminase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities, prothrombin time, and cholesterol, uric acid, and triglyceride values and decreased albumin, glucose, and urea nitrogen values, and urea-to-creatine ratio.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
14.
Supplementation of Farta sheep fed hay with graded levels of concentrate mix consisting of noug seed meal and rice bran 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Bimrew Asmare Solomon Melaku Kurt J. Peters 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(7):1345-1352
The study was carried out at Woreta, Ethiopia, to determine feed intake, digestibility, body weight (BW) change, and profitability
of Farta sheep fed pasture hay alone or supplemented with graded levels of concentrate mix (CM) consisting of noug seed meal
(NSM) and rice bran in 2:1 ratio. Twenty yearling intact male Farta sheep with BW of 16.9 ± 1.68 kg (mean ± SD) were used
in randomized complete block design arranged into five blocks of four animals. The dietary treatments consisting of sole natural
pasture hay (T1, control), hay +200 g of CM dry matter (DM) (T2, low), hay +300 g of CM DM (T3, medium), and hay +400 g of
CM DM (T4, high) were randomly assigned to sheep within each block. Common salt and water were available to animals all the
time. The supplements were offered twice daily in equal portions at 0800 and 1600 h. Supplementation with the CM increased
(P < 0.001) DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber intake and digestibility. The
final BW and daily BW gains were higher (P < 0.001) for the supplemented compared to the control treatment. The study also revealed supplementation improved feed conversion
efficiency and profitability. Among the supplemented treatments, the high level of supplementation resulted in better (P < 0.001) nutrient utilization, animal performance, and profitability. Thus, the high level of supplementation is recommended
based on biological performance and profitability under conditions of this study. 相似文献
15.
E. O. K. Oddoye J. F. Takrama V. Anchirina K. Agyente-Badu 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1577-1581
The purpose was to investigate the use of dried cashew pulp (DrCP), the sun-dried residue after juice has been extracted from
the cashew apple, as a feed ingredient in growing pig diets. The growth rate, feed intake, feed to gain ratio and cost of
gain of grower pigs fed diets containing 0 (0DrCP), 100 (100DrCP), 150 (150DrCP) or 200 (200DrCP) g kg−1 of dried cashew pulp was investigated in a feeding trial set up as a Completely randomized design with 4 treatments replicated
3 times and lasting 112 days. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) among treatments in the parameters measured.
It was concluded that dried cashew pulp could be used in growing pig diets up to a level of 200 g kg−1 without any deleterious effects. Future work will look at higher levels of DrCP inclusion in the diets of growing pigs. 相似文献
16.
Four, rumen fistulated crossbred (Brahman × native) beef cattle steers were randomly assigned to receive four dietary treatments
according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Factor A was carbohydrate source; cassava chip
(CC) or CC + rice bran at a ratio 3:1 (CR3:1) and Factor B was cotton seed meal level (CM); and 109 g CP/kg (LCM) and 328 g
CP/kg (HCM) at similar overall CP levels (490 g CP/kg). The animals were fed 5 g concentrate/kg BW, and urea-treated rice
straw (UTS) (50 g urea/kg DM) was fed ad libitum. Carbohydrate source did not affect feed intake, nutrient digestibility,
blood urea nitrogen, rumen fermentation, or microbial protein synthesis; however, animals fed with CC had a higher population
of total viable bacteria than the CR3:1 treatment (P < 0.05). Animals that received HCM had a lower total feed intake while ruminal pH was higher than the LCM fed treatment (P < 0.05). The population of total viable and cellulolytic bacteria in animals that received HCM were lower than the LCM fed
treatment (P < 0.05). Moreover, use of HCM in beef cattle diets resulted in lower microbial protein synthesis when compared with the LCM
fed treatment (P < 0.05) although efficiency of microbial protein synthesis was nonsignificantly different among treatments. Therefore, cassava
chip combined with rice bran can be used in a concentrate diet for beef cattle. It is also noted that a high level of cotton
seed meal in the concentrate may impact rumen fermentation and animal performance. 相似文献
17.
Three hundreds, 21 d-old slow-growing chicks were randomly divided among 5 treatments, of 5 replicates each. Each replicate
contained 12 unsexed chicks housed in (1 × 1) a floor pen. A group was kept under thermoneutral condition at 28 ± 4°C and
RH was 55 ± 3% during 21–84 d of age (positive control) and fed corn-soybean meal diet. The other four groups were kept for
three successive days per week under heat stress (HS) at 38 ± 1.4°C and 49 ± 2% RH from 12.00 to 16.00 pm. Chicks in HS treatments
were fed corn-soybean meal diet without (negative control) or with 250 mg AA/kg diet and Bet at 0.5 and 1 g/kg diet. HS decreased
productive performance, increased (P < 0.05) meat dry matter, plasma triglyceride and serum calcium whereas decreased (P > 0.05) plasma glucose, serum total protein and water holding capacity (WHC) of meat. AA and 1 g of Bet/kg diet was equally
potent for partial relief (P < 0.05) of the negative effect of HS on growth, increased (P < 0.05) feed intake, protein digestibility (P < 0.05), dressing out percentage, liver and giblets, whilst improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR). Also, a complete recovery from the negative effect (P < 0.05) of HS shown on plasma glucose and partial recovery (P < 0.05) observed in total protein, triglyceride, blood pH, packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hgb), rectal temperature
(RT) and respiration rate (RR) and improved humoral immune competence to sheep red blood cell (SBRCs) test. 相似文献
18.
Olafadehan OA Olafadehan OO Obun CO Yusuf AM Adewumi MK Omotugba SK Daniel NE 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(2):285-291
Forty-eight rabbits used to investigate the response of growing rabbits to diets containing differently processed cassava
peel meals were divided into four groups balanced for sex and weight. These groups were then assigned at random to the experimental
treatments. Four diets were formulated such that the diets contained 200 g/kg of the experimental feedstuffs, sun-dried cassava
peel meal (S), ensiled cassava peel meal (E) and retted cassava peel meal (R), and the control did not contain any cassava
peels. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) concentration in the processed cassava peel meal was lower relative to the unprocessed meal.
It was, however, lowest in R and highest in E. With the exception of S, fibre fractions were lower in the processed meal compared
to the unprocessed meal. The E depressed (p < 0.05) feed and digestible nutrient intakes, weight gain, nutrient digestibility, digestible protein (DP), digestible energy
(DE) and DP/DE ratio but increased protein intake to gain and feed to gain ratios compared to other diets. Intake of HCN decreased
(p < 0.05) successively in this order: R, S and E. The results indicate that retting and sun-drying are more effective in cassava
peel detoxification than ensiling, and dietary HCN concentration and intake of 56 and 4 mg/kg BW, respectively, were not toxic
under the conditions of the experiment. 相似文献
19.
In a switch-over experiment, eight male animals, four each of sheep and goats of local breeds with mean body weight of 26.
8 ± 2.0 and 30.0 ± 2.1 kg, were fed Dichanthium annulatum (DA) grass and four browse species viz. Helictris isora, Securengia virosa, Leucaena leucocephala (LL) and Hardwickia binnata (HB) in four feeding trials to assess their supplementary effect on activity of rumen enzymes. The sheep and goats were offered
DA grass with individual browse in 75:25 and 50:50 proportions, respectively, for more than 3 months during each feeding trial,
and rumen liquor samples were collected twice at 0 and 4 h post feeding after 60 and 90 days of feeding. Glutamate oxaloacetate
transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) enzymes were determined in the
bacteria and protozoa fractions of rumen liquor, while cellulase enzyme activity was measured in mixed rumen liquor. LL and
HB had the highest and lowest contents of CP, while fibre contents were lower in early than later browse leaves. Supplementation
of browse leaves significantly (P < 0.05) affect the specific activity of GDH enzyme in bacteria fraction of rumen liquor of animal species, while GDH activity
was similar in protozoa fraction of rumen liquor of sheep and goats on all DA grass–browse-supplemented diets except DA–HB
(42.8 units/mg protein), where activity was significantly (P < 0.05) low. Specific activities of GOT and GPT enzymes in both bacteria and protozoa fractions of rumen liquor differ significantly
(P < 0.05) due to supplementation of browse leaves to DA grass. Browse leaves significantly (P < 0.05) affect the cellulase enzyme activity in animal rumen liquor, being highest on DA–LL (193.4) and lowest on DA–HB diet
(144.8 μg sugar/mg protein). Goat exhibited higher activities of GOT and GPT than sheep in both bacteria and protozoa fraction
of rumen liquor, while cellulase activity was similar between the animal species on the grass–browse leaves diets. Results
indicate that browse leaves supplementation affect the enzyme activities of sheep and goats rumen, while the goats rumen liquor
had higher activities of GOT, GPT and GDH enzyme than sheep. 相似文献
20.
Effect of supplementing urea-treated barley straw with lucerne or vetch hays on feed intake,digestibility and growth of Arsi Bale Sheep 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The study was conducted at Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia to assess the supplementation of graded levels of
vetch (Vicia dasycarpa `lana’) and lucerne (Medicago sativa,’ Hunter river’) hay on feed intake, digestibility and body weight (BW) change of Arsi-Bale sheep fed urea treated barley
straw (UTBS). A 7 day- digestibility and a 90 day- feed intake trials were conducted using 28 and 35 sheep, respectively.
The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with seven dietary treatments that consisted of feeding UTBS
(T1) as the control treatment, UTBS plus 150, 250 and 350 g dry matter (DM) per day of vetch for T2, T3, T4, respectively
and UTBS plus 150, 250 and 350 g DM per day of lucerne for T5, T6 and T7, respectively. Intake of UTBS was not affected (P > 0.05)
by inclusion of lucerne hay at 25–35% of daily DM intake. The supplements increased daily intake of total DM, organic matter
(OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and metabolizable energy (ME) (P < 0.001) as well as apparent
digestibility of DM, OM (P < 0.001), NDF (P < 0.01), ADF, crude protein (CP) (P < 0.05) and daily BW gain (P < 0.001). Supplementation
with lucerne than vetch hay promoted higher (P < 0.001) CP and ME intakes and daily BW gain. Feeding with the UTBS without
supplementation was enough to meet the maintenance requirements of the sheep and allow small BW gain. The results of the study
showed that urea treatment of barley straw in conjunction with supplementation of lucerne or vetch hay could serve as a useful
strategy in improving smallholder sheep production in the tropics. 相似文献