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1.
The objectives of this study were to search for appropriate chemical reagents without arsenic to use as green-color protectors for ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) culms and to compare the effectiveness of these reagents for green-color conservation. Bamboo culms treated with chromated copper phosphate (CCP) or chromated phosphate (CP), which were developed by us, exhibit a greener color than those treated with Boliden K-33 (type B chromated copper arsenate).The experimental results revealed that among the chemicals employed, CrO3 and H3PO4 were key components in conserving the green color of bamboo epidermis, and their ratio definitely affected the effectiveness of green-color conservation. When the CrO3/H3PO4 ratio was 11, the treated bamboo culms displayed the greenest color. Among all the bamboo culms treated with different formulations of inorganic salts, the one treated with CP (1% CrO3, 1% H3PO4) had the best green-color conservation, enhanced by increasing the duration of treatment.  相似文献   

2.
Ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) treated with chromated phosphate (CP) exhibits an excellent green color. To understand the effects of the treatment sequence of CrO3 and H3PO4 and their interactions regarding green color protection, CrO3-H3PO4 and H3PO4-CrO3 two-step treatments plus a H3PO4-CrO3-H3PO4 three-step treatment were carried out in this study. Results revealed that the treatment sequence of CrO3 and H3PO4 definitely affects the effectiveness of bamboo color protection. Green color protection of ma bamboo culm could not be achieved by treating it with CrO3 or H3PO4 alone or with the H3PO4-CrO3 two-step treatment. Only by treating it with the CrO3-H3PO4 two-step treatment or the H3PO4-CrO3-H3PO4 three-step treatment did ma bamboo exhibit an excellent green color. The results indicated that bamboo reacts first with CrO3 and then forms an insoluble complex with H3PO4, which produces the green color on its epidermis. Chlorophyll analyses demonstrated that chlorophyll is not a key factor for green color protection. The green pigment was also formed when chlorophyll-free bamboo was treated with 2% CP at 60°C for 3h.  相似文献   

3.
This study evaluated the protection effectiveness of alcohol-borne reagents for the green color of ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro) and moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel). The results show that the types and concentrations of alcohol-borne reagents, the kinds of solvent, and the conditions of treatment greatly affected the green color of these two bamboo species. Without alkali pretreatment, an excellent green color protection (a* = −14.5) was obtained when the ma bamboo culms were treated with 0.5% methanol-borne copper chloride (CuCl2) at 60°C for 30 min. Similar results were also obtained when ma bamboo culms were treated with 0.5% methanol-borne copper nitrate [Cu(NO3)2] at 60°C for 2 h (a* = −13.5). For moso bamboo, an attractive green color in the bamboo culms was achieved by treating the specimens with 1% methanol-borne copper acetate [Cu(CH3COO)2] at 60°C for 30 min. The a* value of treated specimens was −13.3. In addition, results demonstrated that ultrasonic treatment was more effective on green color protection than conventional water bath treatment. When moso bamboo was treated with 1% copper acetate at 60°C in an ultrasonic bath for only 15 min, a remarkable green color with an a* value of −13.6 was obtained on the bamboo epidermis.  相似文献   

4.
最近通过研究对本土经济竹种—孟宗竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)保绿有关的处理技术已有突破性地进展,利用醇溶性药剂以单阶段制程完成,不但获得优良的保绿效果,亦具有良好之绿色坚牢度。笔者将近年来发表于国、内外有关孟宗竹单段式竹青保绿技术开发之研究成果作一系统性的回顾,以期有助于提升孟宗竹材料之加工利用及应用领域之开发。  相似文献   

5.
The objective of this study was to find an effective method for treating ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus) and moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) using new water-based reagents containing copper. The effects of green-color protection using various treatments on bamboo culms were examined in this study. Two methods were used: heating in a water bath and ultrasonic dipping. The results revealed that excellent green-color protection (a* value of −6.2) was obtained when ma bamboo culms were treated with 0.25% ammoniacal copper quaternary compound-type B (ACQ-B) in a water bath at 100°C for 2 h. It was also found that the wettability of bamboo epidermis increasedsignificantly after pretreatment in a mixture of 1% KOH and surfactant in a water bath at 100°C for 30 min. Furthermore, pretreated moso bamboo culms exhibited excellent green-color protection after they were treated with 0.25% ACQ-B at 100°C for 2 h (a* value of −8.2). This novel treatment method definitely endows the bamboo culms with a fascinating green skin color and consequently could increase the economic value of bamboo products. No improvement in green-color protection was found when ultrasonic energy was added to the water bath at ambient temperature.  相似文献   

6.
The purpose of this study was to compare carbon sequestration between moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla) and China fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) forests. The study site was located in the lower mountain area of central Taiwan, where both moso bamboo and China fir were rich. In addition, moso bamboo and China fir forests were surveyed on 12 and 19 plantations, respectively. We predicted carbon sequestration based on the allometric model for moso bamboo and China fir forests and compared the relationships between characteristics of bamboo forests and elevation. The results showed that mean diameter at breast height (DBH), culms per hectare and aboveground biomass were not clearly affected by elevation, whereas a negative correlation (R = −0.600, p = 0.039) between mean DBH and stand density was found for moso bamboo forests. Moreover, the aboveground carbon storage was higher for China fir forests than for moso bamboo (99.5 vs. 40.6 Mg ha−1). However, moso bamboo is an uneven-aged stand which is only composed of 1-5-year-old culms, while China fir is an even-aged stand and the age range is from 15 to 54 years, such that, per year, the mean aboveground carbon sequestration is 8.13 ± 2.15 and 3.35 ± 2.02 Mg ha−1 for moso bamboo and China fir, respectively. On the other hand, the mean carbon sequestration of China fir decreases with increasing the age class. Furthermore, the ratio of moso bamboo to China fir is 2.39 and a T-test showed that the aboveground carbon levels were significantly different between these two species; thus, moso bamboo is a species with high potential for carbon sequestration.  相似文献   

7.
Epidermal peeling (EPT) and steam-heating (SHT) treatments are two widely processing methods in bamboo industry. Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) and makino bamboo (Phyllostachys makinoi Hayata) are important economical bamboo species in Taiwan and China. The subject of this study was to access the changes of chemical and mechanical properties in moso and makino bamboo culms, which were collected from Taiwan and China after EPT and SHT. As regard to chemical properties, the amounts of extractives and ash were increased both in moso and makino bamboos after EPT and SHT. In contrast, the contains of holocellulose and α-cellulose were decreased after EPT and SHT for two bamboos. Moso bamboo collected from China contained the lowest cellulose content but the highest amount of hemicellulose by SHT. The lignin contents of all samples were no significant different after SHT, and it might due to the structure of lignin did not destroy at 120 °C. For the mechanical properties, the density of all makino and moso bamboo samples was reduced after SHT; moreover, the decreasing trend of density was similar to the reducing of holocellulose, α-cellulose, hemicellulose, and equilibrium moisture content (EMC). All bamboo samples without EPT presented the highest modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) whether SHT or not. Both MOE and MOR of all bamboo samples were decreased after SHT. The integrity of the bamboo skin is important for the dimensional stability of the bamboo, and the water absorption ability would be increased after EPT; however, SHT decreased the water absorption of bamboo.  相似文献   

8.
Epidermal peeling treatment (EPT) and steam-heating treatment (SHT) are two popular pretreatments for bamboo processing. This study examined the effects of EPT and SHT on strength properties, profile density distribution, internal bond strength (IB), rate of springback, nail withdrawal resistance, and dimensional stability of oriented bamboo scrimber board (OBSB) made of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel) and makino bamboo (P. makinoi Hayata) strips. Results obtained using non-destructive testing (NDT) revealed that EPT for moso bamboo in the processing of OBSB caused lower ultrasonic-wave velocity (Vu) and dynamic modulus of elasticity (DMOEu) parallel to the fiber direction, but higher Vu and DMOEu perpendicular to the fiber direction. However, EPT slightly affected variations in modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of moso bamboo. In contrast, the effects of SHT on Vu and DMOEu were inconsistent and insignificant among the OBSB samples. On the other hands, SHT caused increasing in MOE and MOR of OBSB, but leads to decrease in MOE and MOR of OBSB comprising bamboo strips after EPT. Both EPT and SHT contributed to more uniform profile densities in OBSB and had a positive impact on nail withdrawal resistance. EPT increased IB of moso bamboo and SHT enhanced IB of makino bamboo with epidermis only. Bamboo strips after SHT resulted in significant decrease in water absorption of all OBSB specimens. Reduction in swelling as a result of SHT not only improved the dimensional stability of OBSB but also enhanced strength.  相似文献   

9.
Identification and evaluation of antioxidant activities of bamboo extracts   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
The antioxidant activity of solvent extracts from two main bamboo species, moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and madake bamboo (P bambusoides) in Japan, was first evaluated by scavenging free radical of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the inhibition activity for peroxidation of linoleic acid, and the reduction power. The methanol-extracts of moso bamboo culms and madake bamboo leaves presented stronger antioxidant activity compared with DPPH scavenging activity. Methanol-extract of moso bamboo culms was further fractionated by different solvents and n-butanol soluble fraction exhibited the most significant activity in the DPPH scavenging assay. The fractionation of n-butanol soluble extract was isolated by silica gel column with gradient mixture solvent of chloroform and methanol. The isolated fractions were directed by the antioxidant activity measured by scavenging the stable DPPH free radical. It was observed that most of the eluted fractions showed the antioxidative activity. Fractions acquired from elution with the mixture solvent of chloroform and methanol (10:1-5:1) showed stronger antioxidant activity than the other fractions.  相似文献   

10.

Key message

The invasion of moso bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis (Carriere) J. Houzeau) into neighboring Cryptomeria japonica (L. f.) D. Don plantations significantly altered soil P status and dynamics. This alteration in phosphorus dynamics must be considered when assessing the ecological consequence of moso bamboo invasion in subtropical China.

Context

Moso bamboo is a native species that commonly invades into adjacent forests in Asia. Such invasions may significantly alter soil chemical characteristics because moso bamboo has very different traits compared with the tree species it displaces. However, few studies have investigated the effects of moso bamboo invasion on soil phosphorus (P) dynamics.

Aims

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of moso bamboo invasion on soil P dynamics. Specifically, we quantified soil total P, available P, acid phosphatase activity (APA), and microbial biomass P (MBP) in moso bamboo-invaded coniferous stands and compared them to uninvaded stands and pure moso bamboo stands.

Methods

We compared seasonal dynamics of soil P (e.g., total P, available P, APA, and MBP) over a 24-month period among three stand types at Lushan mountain in subtropical China: Cryptomeria japonica plantation (CR), Cryptomeria japonica plantation invaded by Phyllostachys edulis (PH-CR), and Phyllostachys edulis stand (PH).

Results

Total soil P concentration was significantly lower in PH-CR than in CR and PH stands, but soil available P concentration was significantly lower in CR and PH stands. Soil APA was significantly higher in PH-CR than in CR and PH stands. Similarly, soil MBP concentration was higher in PH-CR than in CR and PH stands. Also, soil total P, available P, APA, and MBP concentrations displayed seasonal fluctuations in PH-CR, but remained relatively stable in CR and PH stands during the 2 years.

Conclusion

The invasion of moso bamboo into adjacent C. japonica stands significantly increased soil available P, acid phosphatase activity, and microbial biomass phosphorus, but decreased soil total P. The implication of these changes to ecosystem composition, structure, and function must be explicitly considered in managing moso bamboo invasion in subtropical China.
  相似文献   

11.
按照分类经营的方法,对低产毛竹林进行改造。经过3年培育,立竹密度从原来的1950株/hm2提高到3750株/hm2,增加了92.3%,胸径从原来的平均7.60 cm提高到11 cm,增加了44.7%,投入产出比为1:2.6。探索了一套毛竹林丰产高效栽培的经营模式。  相似文献   

12.
Waste of wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is expected to increase in volume over the next decades. Alternative disposal options to landfilling are becoming more attractive to study, especially those that promote re-use. The authors have studied and modeled the electrodialytic (ED) removal of Cu, Cr and As from CCA treated timber waste. The method uses a low-level direct current as the cleaning agent, combining the electrokinetic movement of ions in the matrix with the principle of electrodialysis. The technique was tested in eight experiments using a laboratory cell on sawdust of out-of-service CCA treated Pinus pinaster Ait. poles. The experiments differ because the sawdust was saturated with different assisting agents and different percentages of them. In order to select the best assisting agent in jointly removing the three metals and subsequently the best percentage of the selected assistant agent, a statistical analysis was made. First, three experiments were selected as being the best. Second, for the selected experiments, a polynomial model was found to describe the time evolution of the total concentrations of each metal in the electrolytes. Based on this modeling, a multi-treatment regression approach was further used to select the final range of experiments.  相似文献   

13.
高性能竹基纤维复合材料制造技术   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
针对我国竹材人造板工业发展过程中遇到的竹材青黄界面有效胶合和竹材单板化利用技术难题,中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所开发了竹材单板化制造技术、纤维原位可控分离技术、酚醛树脂梯级导入技术和竹基纤维复合材料成型技术等多项技术,研制了多功能竹单板疏解机,建立了竹基复合材料制造技术平台,开发风电桨叶基材、全竹集装箱底板、室外园林景观用材、建筑梁柱、家具、火车车厢底板、水泥模板及建筑撑木等8种竹基纤维复合材料,使毛竹等大径竹材的一次利用率从20%~50%提高至90%以上,使丛生竹、小径毛竹、其他散生杂竹等未能工业化利用的竹材得到高效利用。  相似文献   

14.
Understanding the relationship between tree height (H) and diameter at breast height (D) is vital to forest design, monitoring and biomass estimation. We developed an allometric equation model and tested its applicability for unevenly aged stands of moso bamboo forest at a regional scale. Field data were collected for 21 plots. Based on these data, we identified two strong power relationships: a correlation between the mean bamboo height (H m) and the upper mean H (H u), and a correlation between the mean D (D m) and the upper mean D (D u). Simulation results derived from the allometric equation model were in good agreement with observed culms derived from the field data for the 21 stands, with a root-mean-square error and relative root-mean-square error of 1.40 m and 13.41 %, respectively. These results demonstrate that the allometric equation model had a strong predictive power in the unevenly aged stands at a regional scale. In addition, the estimated average height–diameter (H–D) model for South Anhui Province was used to predict H for the same type of bamboo in Hunan Province based on the measured D, and the results were highly similar. The allometric equation model has multiple uses at the regional scale, including the evaluation of the variation in the H–D relationship among regions. The model describes the average H–D relationship without considering the effects caused by variation in site conditions, tree density and other factors.  相似文献   

15.
描述了毛竹的1个新栽培变种——绿槽龟甲竹。其竹秆下部一段的节交互歪斜,上下节在一侧相连,而节间在另一侧偏肿呈龟甲状,竹秆黄色,且龟甲状秆对称绿色纵条纹,分枝一侧纵沟槽绿色,叶片有淡黄色细纵条纹。  相似文献   

16.
Copper and arsenic K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) of pine wood (Pinus radiata) treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) timber preservative have been measured. Refinement of the data is consistent with arsenate anions bound to chromium and copper ions isolated from other heavy elements, regardless of depth into the wood. This constitutes the first substantive analysis of CCA's fixation products and has a number of implications for models of fixation.  相似文献   

17.
In this study, molding moso bamboo strips to a curved shape using hot-press molding operation was explored. Bamboo strips with different thickness and moisture content (MC) were subjected to press molding under 120–210 °C for different time. Changes in the chemical components of bamboo were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Effect of MC on thermal mechanical behavior of bamboo was investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Results showed that the influencing degree of four variables on compression and recovery ratios decreased as: temperature?>?time?>?thickness?>?MC. Compression ratio increased and recovery ratio decreased dramatically when pressing temperature exceeded 180 °C. FTIR analysis indicated that polysaccharide (especially hemicelluloses) underwent a progressive thermal degradation during compression at 180 and 210 °C for 40 min, whereas relative content of lignin increased. DMA results showed that bamboo samples with a higher MC had a lower storage modulus value, confirmed water had a plasticizing effect. The loss factor of bamboo with higher MC (12 and 16%) exhibited two major transitions centred around 100 °C (α1) and 50 °C (α2), respectively. The temperature of these α transitions kept almost unchanged as moisture level increased from 12 to 16%. These findings provide fundamental information for the future preparation of curved bamboo as profiled components in engineered products.  相似文献   

18.
模拟干旱环境下伐桩注水对毛竹生理特性的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文
[目的]探究模拟干旱环境下注水伐桩对1、2和3年生毛竹生理特性的影响,为气候变化背景下毛竹的适应性经营管理及毛竹林节水灌溉措施的制定提供理论参考。[方法]在毛竹林中选取面积相同(10 m×20 m)的样地9块,以1、2和3年生毛竹为试验材料,采用覆盖薄膜模拟干旱环境,对各样地四周进行挖沟切鞭处理,以阻断周边土壤水分的运输,试验设置CK(0个伐桩注水)、T1(12个伐桩注水)和T2(18个伐桩注水)3个灌水量处理,每个处理均进行3次重复,研究不同数量注水伐桩下3个年龄毛竹的生理响应。[结果]试验表明,在模拟干旱环境下,随着注水伐桩数量的减少,3个年龄毛竹的净光合速率与蒸腾速率显著下降,1、2和3年生毛竹的净光合速率与蒸腾速率最大降幅分别达到74.35%和73.08%、59.14%和36.62%及60.47%和61.54%;毛竹叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量显著下降,1年生和3年生毛竹叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜含量差异均达到显著水平(P0.05),2年生毛竹叶片叶绿素a含量差异显著(P0.05),但叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量差异不显著(P0.05),3个年龄毛竹叶片叶绿素a/b差异均不显著(P0.05);毛竹叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著上升,且均达到差异显著水平(P0.05)。同时发现3个年龄毛竹的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和叶片光合色素含量与注水伐桩数量正相关,而叶片MDA含量及SOD、CAT和POD活性与注水伐桩数量负相关。[结论]模拟干旱环境下,增加注水伐桩可以使1、2和3年生毛竹光合蒸腾能力提高,光合产物积累增加,叶片光合色素含量升高,叶片MDA含量及SOD、CAT和POD活性降低。  相似文献   

19.
Bamboos are among the largest woody grasses and grow very rapidly. Although lignin is a crucial factor for the utilization of bamboo biomass, the lignification mechanism of bamboo shoots is poorly understood. We studied lignification in the bamboo Sinobambusa tootsik during culm development. Elongation growth began in May and ended in late-June, when the lignin content was approximately half that in mature culms. Thioacidolysis analysis indicated that p-hydroxyphenyl units in lignin formed even at late stages of lignification. The syringyl/guaiacyl ratio varied during culm development. Various lignin precursors were detected in developing culms by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The ferulic acid content decreased from May to June, indicating that ferulic acid was utilized in early stages of cell wall formation. Monolignol glucosides were detected at early stages of lignification, whereas the contents of monolignols, coniferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid peaked at later stages of lignification. Therefore, lignin precursors may be supplied differentially during the lignification process. In August, the rate of lignification decreased, although the contents of various lignin precursors peaked, implying that the rate-limiting step in the cessation of lignification in bamboo is transport or polymerization of lignin precursors, rather than their biosynthesis.  相似文献   

20.
为考察硅铝无机防腐处理对竹材表面颜色的影响,以毛竹为材料,采用不同热处理溶液浓度(0、25%、50%、100%)、处理温度(140、160、180℃)和处理时间(1、2h)分别对其进行处理。依照标准色度系统指定表征防腐处理前后竹材表面颜色,通过颜色总色差、明度、红绿色指数、蓝黄色指数的变化,探讨防腐处理工艺参数对竹材表面颜色的影响。通过傅里叶红外光谱和X衍射光谱分析防腐液与竹材结合方式,并使用场发射扫描电子显微镜观察对比处理前后防腐液在竹细胞腔内的分布情况。结果表明,防腐液浓度对竹材色差变化影响较大,随着浓度的增大,竹材色差也随之增大。热处理工艺的处理温度与处理时间对竹材表面颜色的影响也符合传统木材热处理色差变化规律。微观检测发现,防腐剂不仅与纤维有化学键结合,也通过物理吸附以分子团聚形式附着填充在细胞腔内部。  相似文献   

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