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泡沫分离法的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
封闭循环水的核心就是养殖废水的净化处理。对于循环水系统的每一道处理工序,都有大量可选择的工艺。特定工艺的选择,取决于养殖的鱼贝类、基础设备的生产能力、生产管理技术和其他许多因素。在水质净化处理中,泡沫分离法有其独特的功能。它能将溶解性有机物及悬浮物通过气泡的吸附形成泡沫被去除,适用于集约化水产养殖中闭合循环水处理。 相似文献
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在水质净化处理中,气浮技术有其独特的功能.它能将溶解性有机物及悬浮物通过气泡的吸附形成泡沫被去除,适用十集约化水产养殖中闭合循环水处理.就气浮分离技术的原理、发展、应用情况以及水产养殖水体净化的研究现状、进展和应用前景进行阐述,为该项技术的完善和加快应用提供参考. 相似文献
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一种工业化水产养殖的水质处理装置 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
设计和研制的SY水质处理装置采用加压强化增氧的工艺使水中含氧量瞬时达到过饱和，结合泡沫分离技术去除水中的悬浮物和胶状物质，并采用生物接触氧化技术消除水中的氨氮等有害物质，达到净化水质的目的。将之运用于工业化养鱼的再循环系统中，在高密度养殖的试验中取得了较好的效果。 相似文献
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随着我国水产养殖业的迅猛发展,各种先进的水处理技术得以广泛应用,如砂滤、微生物净化、紫外线杀菌消毒、泡沫分离等.但随着工业化封闭式循环水养殖设备在实际生产中的推广的应用,高密度、小水体的生产条件对水质的要求也更加严格.因此,应用具有高效、快速特点的臭氧进行水质处理的技术也就应运而生. 相似文献
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应用泡沫分离技术收获和浓缩藻液,可以显著减少后续离心分离所需的时间,成本低且易于维护.本试验系统由8个220 L有机玻璃光生物反应器组成,用作角毛藻(Chaetoceros spp.)生长和泡沫分离,试验中不添加絮凝剂和表面活性剂.在户外开放环境下培养微藻,其收获需要研究的因素有气泡尺寸、空气流量、藻密度、溢流高度、pH和泡沫分离运行时间.设计部分因析试验和星形设计试验,研究各个因素的变化对微藻干重产量、收获率和收集泡沫体积的影响,以及如何得到最佳收获量.试验结果表明,设定泡沫分离运行时间在30 min内,角毛藻的收获率超过90％,同时培养液体积移出量少于12％.泡沫分离是收获角毛藻的实用方法. 相似文献
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采用泡沫分离装置的养殖系统 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
近来 ,海水养殖业为避开赤潮与鱼病的影响 ,高密度的封闭循环式养殖正受到重视。封闭循环式养殖是将养殖水循环再利用 ,既不会受环境化学物质的污染影响 ,也减轻养殖排水对环境的污染。封闭循环式养殖不同于流水式养殖 ,必须对养殖水进行净化处理 ,为此开发了不少的净化装置。过去养殖系统去除污蚀物质多采用过滤槽 (砂滤及生物过滤 ) ,现采用泡沫分离装置的系统日益增加 ,然而目前不少系统仅在形式上设置了泡沫分离装置 ,而充分发挥其功能的不多。1 泡沫分离法净化泡沫分离法是利用气泡的气液界面可吸附、浓缩污浊物质的性质 ,从而分离去… 相似文献
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The effect of anodic oxidation on concentrations of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, amino acids and yellow substances and on chemical oxygen demand was investigated on a laboratory scale using recycled fish culture water or solutions freshly prepared from distilled water. A distinct decrease in the concentrations of all these compounds during the anodic oxidation treatment could be demonstrated. From the results, we conclude that anodic oxidation might be useful for the treatment of fish culture water. Further studies on additional organic and inorganic compounds as well as pathogens in freshwater would be desirable. 相似文献
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Potential and limitations of ozone for the removal of ammonia, nitrite, and yellow substances in marine recirculating aquaculture systems 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J.P. Schroeder P.L. Croot B. Von DewitzU. Waller R. Hanel 《Aquacultural Engineering》2011,45(1):35-41
The high levels of water-reuse in intensive recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) require an effective water treatment in order to maintain good water quality. In order to reveal the potential and limitations of ozonation for water quality improvement in marine RAS, we tested ozone's ability to remove nitrite, ammonia, yellow substances and total bacterial biomass in seawater, considering aspects such as efficiency, pH-dependency as well as the formation of toxic ozone-produced oxidants (OPO). Our results demonstrate that ozone can be efficiently utilized to simultaneously remove nitrite and yellow substances from process water in RAS without risking the formation of toxic OPO concentrations. Contemporaneously, an effective reduction of bacterial biomass was achieved by ozonation in combination with foam fractionation. In contrast, ammonia is not oxidized by ozone so long as nitrite and yellow substances are present in the water, as the dominant reaction of the ozone-based ammonia-oxidation in seawater requires the previous formation of OPO as intermediates. The oxidation of ammonia in seawater by ozone is basically a bromide-catalyzed reaction with nitrogen gas as end product, enabling an almost complete removal of ammonia-nitrogen from the aquaculture system. Results further show that pH has no effect on the ozone-based ammonia oxidation in seawater. Unlike in freshwater, an effective removal of ammonia even at pH-values as low as 6.5 has been shown to be feasible in seawater. However, as the predominant reaction pathway involves an initial accumulation of OPO to toxic amounts, we consider the ozone-based removal of ammonia in marine RAS as risky for animal health and economically unviable. 相似文献
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虾粉是南极磷虾最主要的加工产品之一,加工过程中,热处理会造成营养物质的流失和活性物质的破坏,是决定虾粉品质最主要的影响因素。为了掌握虾粉加工过程中主要物质的变化情况及流向路径,通过测定蒸煮、干燥两个涉及到热处理的关键工序中水分、灰分、蛋白质、脂质等主要营养物质的含量变化及脂肪酸、虾青素等功能成分的损失情况,分析各主要物质的流向路径及变化原因。结果显示：水分在蒸煮过程中流失8.49%,干燥过程中水分流失63.5%,大多以蒸发的形式流失;蛋白质在蒸煮过程中流失1.12%,其中流向蒸煮液0.87%,流失部分主要为水溶性蛋白,干燥过程流失6.05%;脂质在蒸煮、干燥过程中分别减少1.11%和1.61%,进一步分析其脂肪酸组成,发现多不饱和脂肪酸含量由45.57%降低至43.65%,其中EPA相对含量在蒸煮、干燥过程中分别减少0.41%和1.16%,DHA相对含量在蒸煮过程中变化不大,干燥过程中减少0.68%;虾青素是热敏性物质,受热处理的影响,在蒸煮、干燥过程中分别减少29.4和58.6mg/kg;灰分含量在蒸煮、干燥过程中分别减少2.85%和0.85%;结果表明蒸煮过程损失的主要物质为蒸煮液中的可溶性物质及少部分的热敏性物质,干燥过程主要造成水分的蒸发和虾青素等热敏性物质的破坏。研究初步掌握了南极磷虾虾粉加工过程中主要物质的含量变化与流向路径,分析了变化原因及主要影响因素,并讨论提出了减少物质流失的方案,可为后续南极磷虾粉加工工艺流程和参数的优化提供理论依据,对提高虾粉品质、促进南极磷虾资源高质化利用具有非常重要的意义。 相似文献
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Abstract – Alarm substances, chemical cues released by injured prey, are associated with increased predation risk. In the laboratory, fathead minnows limit conspicuous behaviours, such as foraging and nest guarding, when exposed to these cues. Although such responses could lead to reductions in growth and reproduction, with subsequent demographic consequences (e.g., recruitment), effects of alarm substances at the population level are largely unknown. In three field experiments, ponds and cattle troughs stocked with fathead minnow populations were treated with alarm substances or a water control over the summer breeding and growing season. Alarm substances had no effect on male parental behaviour. In one experiment, spawning occurred earlier with exposure to alarm substances; however, there was no subsequent effect on recruitment of young in this or in the other two experiments. Despite individual‐level effects in short‐term experiments, repeated exposure to alarm substances over a season had no measureable impact at the population scale. 相似文献
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重金属对水体的污染程度日益加重。人工湿地是一种人工建造的安全高效的生态处理技术,植物和基质都是其重要组成部分,其中的植物可以吸收污水中的营养物质、重金属及其他有毒、有害物质。为了研究植物对含Cd废水的处理效果,检验植物丰富度对人工湿地Cd去除能力的影响,探讨湿地植物对Cd的富集特性,本研究选用3种湿地植物灯心草（Juncaceae）、水葫芦（Eichhornia crassipes）和水芹菜（Oenanthe javanica）,按2种或3种混合方式,构建小型模拟人工湿地,测定分析其对低浓度（5 mg/L）含Cd废水中Cd的去除率、溶解氧（DO）浓度的影响及3种植物富集Cd含量、Cd在植物体内的亚细胞分布和化学形态。结果表明：水芹菜、灯芯草、水葫芦共同配植的湿地系统中,植物间发生协同作用,废水中DO浓度、Cd的去除率及3种植物对Cd的总富集量均最高;水芹菜的地下部分（根）富集量显著高于另外2种植物,灯芯草对Cd的抗性最强且转运系数最高,这2种植物属于优势湿地植物;Cd主要富集在3种植物细胞壁部分,以减轻对其它细胞器的毒害作用;植物体内的Cd以游离态为主,与有机配体结合较少,以减轻植物受害程度。在低浓度Cd污染下,水芹菜+灯芯草+水葫芦的组合对废水的净化效果最好,Cd去除率达到68.14%。 相似文献
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Rijia Liu Wenshuang Wu Xiaohan Xu Yanling Wang Ting Yu Jinghan Wang Qi Zheng Xu Changru Pan Wu 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(10):3959-3971
The use of traditional bait and medicament in freshwater aquaculture exacerbates environmental pollution and leads to frequent occurrence of diseases. Effluent collected after Rhodopseudomonas palustris‐mediated wastewater treatment could be reutilized as microbial feeds, medicament and aquaculture water to culture Pelteobagrus vachelli. Therefore, a novel integrated system of wastewater treatment using effluent containing R. palustris that improves yield, increases disease resistance and enhances the quality of aquaculture water for P. vachelli culture was proposed and investigated. P. vachelli can grow well in effluent containing R. palustris (ER). The survival rate, yield and whole‐body composition of the ER group were all increased compared to those of the control group (CK). The biochemical (B vitamin) and other substances in the effluent of R. palustris enhanced the activity of proteases, amylases, lipases, alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP), phagocytic, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) by up‐regulating the expression of AKP, ACP, SOD and CAT genes. Theoretical analysis showed that biochemical substances regulated the expression of these genes and enzyme activities as stimulus signal, component and active centre. Moreover, R. palustris and biochemical substances improved the target of rapamycin (TOR) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signalling pathways and intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, R. palustris inhibited Aeromonas hydrophila, which increased resistance to fish diseases and promoted the growth of intestinal probiotics. Meanwhile, R. palustris in effluent also purified the quality of aquaculture water. Use of this technology simultaneously helped improve aquaculture water quality, reduce water pollution and wastewater discharge and increased the output and disease resistance of P. vachelli. 相似文献
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对具有水处理设施的温流水养鱼系统的供水、养鱼水及回水进行了水质分析，结果：ＰＨ值、ＤＯ、ＡＬＫ、Ｃａ＾２＋和水温依次下降，经过集中水处理后的回水ＣＯＤ、ＢＯＤ５、ＴＨ、ＳＳ和Ｍｇ＾２＋的值有所下降，ＢＯＤ５去除率为５４．３８％，悬浮物去除率为６７．５４％；ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ和ＮＯ２＾－－Ｎ依次升高；电导率无明显变化；而ＮＯ３＾－－Ｎ供水略高于养鱼水，在此基础上讨论了温流水养鱼系统对电厂冷却水的正面影响 相似文献
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以寄生于金鱼鳃部的指环虫为指示寄生虫,采用活体感染、活体杀虫的方法,通过不同极性的溶剂回流提取黄姜,制备粗提物,进行杀灭金鱼指环虫的药效活性追踪试验,确定黄姜杀灭鱼类指环虫的活性部位,并对活性部位进行安全性评价.试验结果表明,黄姜的杀虫活性部位是70%乙醇部位,其质量浓度为20.0 mg/L时,平均最高杀虫率为100%.70%乙醇提取物经过有机溶剂进一步萃取后,杀虫药效试验表明,石油醚和最终水相萃取部位对指环虫具有杀灭作用,但石油醚萃取部位作用较佳,其质量浓度为5.0 mg/L时,平均最高杀虫率为100%.活性部位对草鱼急性毒性试验结果显示,石油醚萃取部位对草鱼的48 h半致死质量浓度(LC50)为33.54 mg/L,其安全质量浓度为9.64 mg/L,表明黄姜是一种比较安全,杀虫效果良好的水产用中草药. 相似文献