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我们在1984年进行了对虾幼体粉状微颗粒饵料的研制和小水体育苗试验，发现在对虾糠虾期和仔虾期投喂粉状微颗粒饵料都能顺利变态，并且每立方米水体出仔虾3～4万尾。1985年将这种粉状微颗粒饵料直接用于生产性育苗试验，对虾从糠虾Ⅰ期至仔虾出池，使用该饵料培育，能顺利发育变态，每立方米水体出仔虾7．5万～9．3万尾。现将试验结果报道如下。 相似文献
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轮虫是鱼、虾、蟹苗种生产中优良的活体生物饵料。特别是在对虾工厂化育苗过程中对虾溞状幼体向糠虾幼体变态时可以加快幼体变态和提高糠虾幼体的成活率殖媸且焕嗪苄〉亩嘞赴?体长在0.04～4毫米,不但营养价值高而且它的游泳速度和体形大小很适合对虾溞状幼体、糠虾幼体直至仔虾期的捕食?殖娲罅颗嘌坏枰欢ǖ娜肆ξ锪?而且尚需占用 相似文献
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<正> 江苏省启东县浅海养殖场试用新鲜糠虾作为对虾仔虾期饲料获得成功,从而大大节省了来源紧张、价格昂贵的卤虫卵的使用量。投喂对虾仔虾的糠虾,要求用淡水或过滤海水将糠虾在纱网袋中洗净,拣去杂质即可投喂。日投喂量,每100万尾仔虾约投新鲜、干净糠虾4～45公斤,分3次投喂。由于糠虾极易腐烂变质,未投完的糠虾应速冻保存,随用随取,用水解冻后便可投喂。 相似文献
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1993～1994年山东省中国对虾育苗期病毒感染的流行病学调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
１９９３年和１９９４年育苗期，在山东省十余家育苗场采集了亲虾、受精卵、无节幼体、蚤状幼体、糠虾幼体和仔虾等样品共５６份。组织病理学切片观察说明，所有样品均未检查出对虾暴发性流行病病原ＨＨＮＢＶ的病理变化；ＨＰＶ的病理变化主要在亲虾、糠虾幼体和仔虾中检出，蚤状幼体有ＨＰＶ感染的可疑情况。１９９４年，５．５％的糠虾幼体和５．１％的仔虾检出有ＨＰＶ的感染。在糠虾和仔虾阶段，海捕亲虾苗种的ＨＰＶ带毒率为４．０％，越冬亲虾苗种的带毒率为６．２％。ＨＰＶ和ＨＨＮＢＶ的单克隆抗体ＥＬＩＳＡ检测方法表明有３个样品为可疑的ＨＨＮＢＶ阳性；有１２．５％～２５％的糠虾期育苗池和７０％的仔虾期育苗池存在有ＨＰＶ的感染。 相似文献
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采用杭州高成添加剂厂生产的高成牌微颗粒饵,进行中国对虾人工育苗试验。幼体发育、成活、体长情况表明,高成牌微颗粒饵料能替代部分鲜活饵料。建议蚤状幼体和糠虾幼体使用７５％的替代量,仔虾期使用５０％的替代量。 相似文献
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在对虾育苗生产中,固着纤毛虫病是经常发生的一种寄生虫病.对虾蚤状幼体期、糠虾幼体期及仔虾期都容易患上固着纤毛虫病,尤其是蚤状幼体期和糠虾幼体期易感染此病,危害性最大,它直接影响对虾幼体成活率,是对虾育苗能否成功的关键一环. 相似文献
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中国对虾杆状病毒垂直传播途径的研究对切断病毒的传播途径,培育健康的对虾种质资源,具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文利用电镜技术,对中国对虾亲虾的卵巢,卵细胞和无节幼体,溲状幼体,糠虾,仔虾,幼成虾进行病毒检测,结果发现卵巢和卵细胞中有似病毒粒子,无节幼体,糠虾,仔虾,幼成虾有杆状病毒感染,并初步探讨了中国对虾杆状病毒垂直传播的可能性。 相似文献
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病害对虾荧光病作为育苗生产中的病害,是弧菌感染最严重的病害之一。其发病快,死亡率高,给育苗工作造成被动局面。为科学地认识、积极地预防和有效控制弧菌病的发生,我们在威海、东营、滨州、河北多家育苗厂,在对虾育苗过程中从发病幼体、致病弧菌、环境及三者之间相互作用等方面出发,探讨了对虾育苗中弧菌病的发生以及相应的防治技术措施,特别对药物防治进行了研究探讨,无节幼体到仔虾的变态率达到80%～85%,经济效益十分显著。现总结如下,供同行参考指导。一、发病幼体蚤状幼体到仔虾都有发生,以糠虾及仔虾为多见。发病迅速,死亡率高,从幼… 相似文献
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S.H. ABDEL RAHMAN 《Aquaculture Nutrition》1996,2(3):151-155
Four types of food were tested to determine their effects on the growth and survival of larvae of the penaeid shrimp Penaeus japonicus Bate. The food types were live cells of Candida utilis (yeast), freeze-dried Candida utilis, microparticulate diet, and microencapsulated diet (commercial product). The diatom Chaetoceros gracilis was fed to larvae as a control. Two sets of experiments were carried out; the first was run in outdoor 1.5 ton tanks, and the second in indoor 1.2 ton tanks. In the outdoor experiment, the best survival and growth from nauplius to postlarva stage were obtained using microparticulate diet. During the first week of culture, freeze-dried Candida utilis resulted in the highest growth and survival among examined diets, but both factors dropped dramatically after the mysis stage. In the indoor experiment, the best growth and survival were obtained using live cells of Candida utilis from nauplius stage to end of mysis stage followed by brine shrimp. Tested diets were analysed for their contents of crude protein, total lipids, total carbohydrates, amino acid profiles and fatty acid contents. 相似文献
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James M. Biedenbach Linda L. Smith Tamara K. Thomsen Addison L. Lawrence 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1989,20(2):61-71
Penueus vannumei larvae (P2 through M3 ) and early postlarvae (<24 h old postlarva) were fed diets consisting of algae-only, nematodes ( Panugrellus redivivus ) plus algae or Artemia plus algae. Growth (dry biomass gain) of second and third stage protozoea larvae fed the nematodealgae diet was significantly better than that of larvae fed the Artemia-algae diet. From the first mysis through the postlarval substage (<24 h old), growth of shrimp fed the nematodealgae diet equalled that of larvae fed the Artemia-algae diet. All larval substages fed nematodes plus algae accumulated significantly greater biomass than those fed a diet of only algae. Survival and percent metamorphosis of larvae fed nematodes plus algae did not differ significantly from that of larvae fed either Artemia plus algae or algae alone. A nematodealgae feeding regime, which potentially yields growth, survival and metamorphosis equal to that obtained on the standard Artemia plus algae regime, is proposed for P. vannamei . 相似文献
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Growth, survival, quality and digestive enzyme activities of larval shrimp fed microencapsulated, mixed and live diets 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
R. Pedroza-Islas P. Gallardo E.J. Vernon-Carter T. García-Galano C. Rosas C. Pascual & G. Gaxiola 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2004,10(3):167-173
An artificial diet for shrimp larvae was microencapsulated with a polysaccharide blend [66% gum arabic, 17% mesquite gum and 17% maltodextrin 10 dextrose equivalent (DE)]. Microencapsulated diet (MD) was fed to mysis alone, as a co‐feed with the microalgae Chaetoceros cerastosporum and Tetraselmis chuii (mixed) and compared with a live diet (control) of C. cerastosporum, T. chuii and Artemia nauplii. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were detected in growth rates, development and quality indexes of larvae fed the three experimental diets. All diets supported survival percentages of >90%. Shrimp larvae fed MD and mixed diets had higher specific trypsin activity and soluble protein content than those fed live diet. Amylase activity decreased in larvae fed the mixed and MD apparently due to the carbohydrate composition of the diet. The results indicate that it is possible to substitute a live diet with a microencapsulated one (with a wall composition made up of a polysaccharide blend) in Litopenaeus vannamei mysis. 相似文献
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不同饵料对奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼生长发育及消化酶活力的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
将初始体质量为(0.006±0.0005)g的仔鱼,随机分为4组,每组3个平行,分别投喂4种饵料:人工配合饵料、轮虫、蛋黄和轮虫+人工配合饵料.试验周期为28 d.结果表明,(1)轮虫+人工配合饵料和人工配合饵料组生长较快,特定生长率分别为0.014 %/d和0.013 %/d, 绝对生长率达到0.150、0.142 g/d,二组差异不显著(P>0.05);蛋黄组生长最慢,与其他各组差异显著(P<0.05).(2)轮虫+人工配合饵料与轮虫组仔稚鱼的成活率达到90.3%和 89.7%,大部分个体发育进入幼鱼阶段,二组差异不显著(P>0.05);蛋黄组存活率较低,只有40.7%,与其他各组差异显著(P<0.05).(3)投喂不同饵料对奥尼罗非鱼仔稚鱼的消化酶具有显著影响,蛋黄组的淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);轮虫+人工配合饵料组的胃蛋白酶活力较高,天然饵料(轮虫)组较低. 相似文献
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Rotifers were fed on a laboratory-cultured alga, Platymonas (= Tetraselmis) suecica, and/or a diet composed of commercial single-cell proteins. They were given to sea-bass larvae up to day 15–20 after hatching, while Artemia nauplii were supplied from day 9–13. At day 21, the survival rate of fish obtained with rotifers fed on compound diet ranged between 32 and 82%, and their mean weight between 5.0 and 7.8 mg. When rotifers were fed either only on algae or on a mixture of 33% algae and 67% compound diet, the growth and survival rates of sea-bass were not clearly different to those obtained with rotifers fed on compound diet. No significant difference was observed when these rotifers were enriched with nutrients just before distributing them to fish. However, these rates appeared to be quite high in comparison to those obtained by several other authors. We can therefore recommend rotifers fed on compound diet as being, even without enrichment, convenient and low-cost food for sea-bass larvae. 相似文献
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The susceptibility of larvae and post-larvae of Penaeus indicus, P. monodon , and P. semisulcatlls to a Vibrio campbellii-like bacterium was studied by immersion challenge. Exposure to bacteria caused up to 100% mortality, depending upon bacterial dose and time of exposure. Mortality rate was higher for nauplius and protozoeal stages than for mysis and post-larval stages. Based upon LC50 values at different time intervals, P. monodon was found to be the most sensitive of the three shrimp species to this pathogen. 相似文献
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G. Joan Holt 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1993,24(2):225-230
A feeding protocol was developed for red drum larvae based on combining a commercial microparticulate diet (Kyowa Fry Feed) with live prey (rotifers) in a closed, water reuse system. In five trials, growth and survival were measured on larvae reared on a combination of live and microdiet for 1–5 d and then microdiet alone. Results in each trial were compared to control larvae reared on live rotifers Brachionus plicatilis and brine shrimp nauplii Artemia salinas. The most satisfactory combination was feeding live food and microdiet together for the first five days and then completely discontinuing live prey, eliminating the need to feed brine shrimp to the larvae. Growth rates of larvae fed progressively larger sizes of the microdiet were as good as larvae reared on live prey. Both groups metamorphosed to the juvenile stage at less than one month. Survival rates on the five day live food and microdiet combination were a remarkable 60% from egg to the juvenile stage. The successful weaning of red drum to microdiets paves the way to produce a semipurified diet to test nutrient requirements of larval fish. 相似文献
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Sujjat Al Azad Ving C. Chong S. Vikineswary 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2002,33(2):158-168
Larvae of the giant tiger prawn Penaeus monodon were reared from the naupliar to pos-tlarval stage, based on a diet of waste-grown phototrophic bacterium Rhodovulum sulfido-philum , the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum , and brine shrimp Artemia The experimental design consisted of feeding the protozoea with diatoms and varying proportions of bacterial biomass as diet D0 (0%), D1 (1%), D2 (2%), D3 (3%), and D5 (5%), while mysis and postlarvae were fed the above diet supplemented with Artemia nauplii. Controls were not fed with bacteria biomass (diet D0). The addition of R. sulfidophilum biomass in the diet had significant effects on the growth and survival of P. monodon larvae. In the first experiment, the larvae fed with diet D1 ( Skeletonema + 1% R. sulfidophilum ) reached the first postlarval stage (PL1) on the ninth day of feeding and had a mean total length (TL) of 6.13 ± 0.05 mm, which was significantly higher ( P < 0.001) than TL of larvae fed with the other three diets. In another experiment, prawn larvae fed with diet D2 had the highest overall survival of 46% and a significantly larger mean TL of 6.88 ± 0.18 mm at PL1 compared to larvae fed with diet D0 and D3 ( P > 0.05). However, in both experiments prawn larvae fed with the various diets showed significant differences in their length-at-stage ( P > 0.05), and the lowest growth and survival were obtained from diets comprising 3% and 5% bacterial biomass, which also gave the highest levels of ammonia-nitrogen in the culture water. Addition of more than 2% R. sulfidophilum biomass apparently deteriorates the quality of the culture water. 相似文献
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Penaeus semisulcatus (bear shrimp) was used for biological and culture studies. A peak of reproductive periodicity was shown in the months of May, June and July. Increase in body weight and in gonad weight coincided with the increase in sea water temperature. This suggested that sexual maturation might be a direct response to increased sea water temperature. Fecundity of mature female shrimp was estimated as 415,000 to 479,000 ova. In most cases, half-spent spawnings led to the production of poor eggs, characterized by irregular cytoplasmic formation and final autolysis. The embryonic and larval development of P. semisulcatus proceeded satisfactorily in a slightly alkaline medium (pH range from 7.5–8.5), and in water of salinity ranging from 28 to 35 ppt for egg and nauplius stages, and thereafter 25–35 ppt for zoea and mysis stages. The shrimps exhibited faster increase in body length than body weight in early growth. Later, after the shrimps had reached a body length of about 7.0 cm, the growth rate of body weight increased more markedly than body length. The rate of daily increase in weight was 1.01% in 7.0 cm shrimp. The feed efficiency of the formulated shrimp pellets was found to be 31.4%. During the nutritional study of P. semisulcatus, it was found that the combination of high dietary protein (about 40%) and low dietary lipid produced best growth and survival of bear shrimp. High increase of biomass of the shrimp fed with clam meat and high quality fish meal demonstrated the favorable response of shrimp to these diets. The use of cages for culturing bear shrimp was found to be practicable, but not efficient. 相似文献
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Survival of marble goby larvae fed either Rhodovulum sulfidophilum, a phototrophic bacterium cultured from palm oil mill effluent (pPB), or microalgae ( Nannochloropsis sp.) was evaluated at two salinities. Larvae directly fed pPB had survival of 0–29% at 5 g L?1 salinity and 0–19% at 10 g L?1 salinity, whereas larvae directly fed microalgae suffered complete mortality after 20 days of culture at both salinities. However, larvae indirectly fed pPB or microalgae, i.e. via rotifers (Days 1–30) and Artemia nauplii (Days 21–30) cultured solely from pPB or microalgae, showed improved survival of 35–55% or 44–49% at 5 g L?1 salinity respectively. In all experiments, fish larvae reared at 5 g L?1 salinity showed significantly higher (P < 0.01) mean survival than those reared at 10 g L?1 salinity. The survival of larvae fed the bacterial‐based diet was higher compared with microalgal diet used in previous studies. The pPB had higher total polyunsaturated fatty acids and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) than the microalgae, which had very high eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Larvae with very high ratios of DHA/EPA (>11) or/and ARA (arachidonic acid)/EPA (>5), attributable to their given diet, however suffered the highest mortality. 相似文献