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选用459只一日龄 Arbor Aores(AA)混合雏进行比较饲养试验。试验期6周,分前期(0～3周)和后期(3～6周)。采用玉米—花生饼—血粉基础饲粮,其主要营养水平分别为:代谢能3.02和3.05Mcal/kg;粗蛋白21.6和19.0％,蛋氨酸+胱氨酸0.64和0.59％,且以蛋氨酸为限制因素。饲喂基础饲粮组为对照组,前、后期分别以0.12％和0.05％作为添加梯度向基础饲粮逐级添加 DL—蛋氨酸(M1、M2、M3、M4)或 DL—甲硫亚矾(S1、S2、S3、S4)。各处理组饲粮含硫氨基酸水平如表1。 相似文献
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在肉仔鸡日粮中，氨基酸平衡已引起肉仔鸡生产者的充分重视，焦点是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸这两种必需氨基酸是否都必须添加。针对这个问题，我们在进行了蛋氨酸适宜添加水平的试验后，特进行了在日粮蛋氨酸水平相同的条件下，添加赖氨酸、氯化胆碱对肉仔鸡生产性能影响的试验。1试验材料1.1试验鸡选用1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡240只，由本市种鸡场提供。1.2基础日粮及营养指标购入饲料原料自行加工配制日粮，基础日粮配方见表1。试验1组日粮在基础日粮中于l─3周、4─6周、7─8周中分别添加0.10％、0.08%、0.06％的赖氨酸。试验Ⅱ组日粮在基础日粮中于l─3… 相似文献
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日粮中添加叶酸和甜菜碱节约蛋氨酸和胆碱的效应对肉仔鸡生理生化和生产性能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验采用单因子完全随机设计,包括不同甜菜碱和叶酸添加水平组合的12种试验日粮和正常日粮对照。总计832只1日龄健康公肉仔鸡。随机分13组,每组4个重复,每重复16只鸡,采用两阶段饲养方法(0～3周和4～6周)。于3周和6周末采集肝脏、胸肌和血液样品。统计生产性能,并测定血液生化指标和肝脏和胸肌粗蛋白含量。结果表明:①在本实验条件下,4个叶酸添加水平和3个甜菜碱水平组成的12个日粮可节约正常日粮对照组中添加的蛋氨酸和胆碱,对0～3周和4～6周龄肉仔鸡的日增重和耗料增重比没有产生显著影响(P>0.05);②如以3周龄肉仔鸡血清总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素N和肝脏粗蛋白的含量为判定指标,日粮中添加1.5mg/kg或2.25mg/kg叶酸,同时添加300mg/kg、600mg/kg或900mg/kg任一水平的甜菜碱即达到节约部分蛋氨酸和全部胆碱的目的。 相似文献
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本试验通过研究蛋氨酸硒(Se-Met)对红羽肉仔鸡生产性能、饲料报酬的影响来探讨红羽肉仔鸡有机硒(蛋氨酸硒)的适宜添加量.选择1日龄红羽肉雏鸡180只,分为4组,分别饲喂在玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中分别添加蛋氨酸硒0、0.1、0.3、0.5 mg/kg的试验日粮.试验结果表明:在0～21日龄,0.1 mg/kg的蛋氨酸硒添加量效果最好,可提高日增重17.29%;不同蛋氨酸硒添加水平对红羽肉仔鸡胴体特性无显著影响(P＞0.05);可显著提高红羽内仔鸡的胸肌率与腿肌率(P＜0.05),降低红羽肉鸡的皮下脂肪厚与肌间脂肪宽. 相似文献
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肉用仔鸡硫胺素需要量研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在饲料中添加不同水平的硫胺素分别对0～3、4～7周龄肉仔鸡进行饲养试验 ,观察硫胺素对肉仔鸡生长发育及组织中硫胺素含量的影响。试验表明 :饲粮中硫胺素含量对2周龄前肉仔鸡的体增重无显著影响(P>0.05);日粮中添加高于1.0mg/kg 的硫胺素显著提高3周龄和4～7周龄肉仔鸡的体增重(P<0.01) ;胸肌和腿肌中硫胺素含量与饲粮中硫胺素的水平密切相关 ,均随饲粮中硫胺素水平的增加而显著增加 ,而血液中硫胺素含量相对稳定 ;腿肌中硫胺素含量是评价肉仔鸡日粮硫胺素营养状况的相对敏感指标。在本试验条件下 ,0～3和4～7周龄肉鸡的硫胺素需要量分别为4.0mg/kg 和1.6mg/kg。 相似文献
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铜、铁、锌、锰添加量对0～3周龄肉鸡生产性能和免疫器官发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将960只1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为16组,每组4个重复,每重复15只;采用D-最优设计,以基础日粮含量为最低水平,以2倍NRC(1994)推荐量为最高水平,按16种方案添加铜、铁、锌、锰,研究不同添加水平对0～3周龄肉鸡生产和免疫器官发育的影响,以确定0～3周龄肉鸡日粮铜、铁、锌、锰的适宜添加水平。结果表明:不同铜、铁、锌、锰添加水平对0～3周龄肉鸡日增重、耗料量、料肉比、死淘率及免疫器官发育均无显著影响(P>0.05),说明基础日粮中的铜、铁、锌、锰含量能够满足0～3周龄肉鸡生长和免疫器官发育的需要。 相似文献
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甜菜碱在肉鸡饲料中的添加效果 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
600羽刚出壳肉仔鸡随机分为4组，每组15O羽。对照组在基础日粮中添加50％的氯化胆碱800mg／kg，蛋氨酸0.23％（42—49日龄为0.1％）及维生素和矿物质饲料，其中维生素B_12添加量为18.75mg／mg。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组均添加甜菜碱以替代蛋氨酸、胆碱、维生素B_12。试验结果表明：基础日粮中蛋氨酸含量0.23％—0.25％、胆碱含量1000—1200mg／kg的条件下，基础日粮中添加甜菜碱部分替代蛋氨酸后，肉仔鸡增重与饲料报酬与对照组无显著差异（P＞0.05），不添加氯化胆碱或维生素B_12影响肉仔鸡生长。 相似文献
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设计三个试验以检测玉米—大豆粉日粮中(23％粗蛋白、3200大卡氮校正代谢能/千克,0.2％添加蛋氨酸)添加过量DL—蛋氨酸或L—赖氨酸(同L—赖氨酸·HCl)饲喂1～3周龄雏鸡的影响。实验1、2采用新汉普夏×哥伦比亚公鸡的杂交鸡,实验3采用HubbardxHubbard公鸡的杂交鸡。实验1基础日粮添加DL—蛋氨酸为0.5％、1.0％、2.0％或4％,添加L—赖氨酸为0.4％、0.8％、1.6％或3.2％。DL—蛋氨酸添加水平1.0～4.0％,体增重、采食量、饲料转化率直线下降。添加L—赖氨酸水平高于1.6％,体增重小于饲喂基础日粮的雏鸡,但对饲料转化率没有明显影响。添加1.6％或3.2％L—赖氨酸的日粮中增加碳酸钾没有改进生产性能。实验2估测:(1)在添加2.0％DL—蛋氨酸的日粮中加入1.0％甘氨酸或1.0％L—苏氨酸;(2)在高赖氨酸日粮中加入碳酸氢钠以便缓冲L—赖氨酸·Hcl中的过量氯化物。增加的这些氨基酸或缓冲剂有改善,但没有完全调整过量蛋氨酸或赖氨酸引起的负效应。实验3检测商品肉仔鸡对添加DL—蛋氨酸或L—赖氨酸在0.5％或1.0％是允许量。过量物没有影响体增重和饲料转化率,但是每种氨基酸在1.0％水平时采食量减少。这些结果证明,不论是蛋氨酸还是赖氨酸过量0.5％时,对玉米—大豆粉型日粮饲喂肉仔鸡没有危害。 相似文献
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不同水平有机锰(明微矿锰)对肉鸡生长、免疫力和抗氧化活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验考察了不同剂量羟基蛋氨酸螯合锰--明微矿锰(Mintrex Mn)对0～3周龄肉鸡生长性能、免疫力以及抗氧化活性的影响。试验选用540只1日龄爱拔益加(AA)雄性肉仔鸡,随机分成5组,每组设9个重复,每个重复6只鸡。含27.86mg/kg锰的玉米-豆粕型基础日粮为负对照组,在基础日粮中添加60mg/kg硫酸锰为正对照组,添加30、60、90mg/kg有机锰为试验组,试验期为21d。结果表明,基础日粮中添加有机锰或无机锰对0～3周龄肉鸡体增重、采食量、料肉比没有显著影响,但与硫酸锰添加组相比,添加30、60、90mg/kg有机锰有提高肉鸡日增重的趋势,且随着有机锰添加量的增加肉鸡日增重也逐渐提高;饲料利用率和胫骨锰含量呈线性显著改善和增加(P≤0.05);有机锰能够显著提高0～3周龄肉鸡免疫力和抗氧化活性,添加60mg/kg、90mg/kg Mintrex Mn增加巨噬细胞吞噬指数和血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和肝脏中锰超氧化物歧化酶酶活,其效果显著高于无机硫酸锰添加组,而添加60mg/kgMintrex Mn能更好地促进肠道免疫球蛋白的分泌和降低肝脏脂质过氧化物的沉积。因此,从肉鸡的生长性能来看,添加使用有机... 相似文献
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Can betaine partially replace or enhance the effect of methionine by improving broiler growth and carcase characteristics? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1. Growth rates and carcase characteristics were measured in male broiler chickens fed on a control diet deficient in methionine (c. 2·8 g/kg methionine) or a series of diets containing graded levels of betaine or DL-methionine or both additives. 2. We aimed to answer 2 main questions. First, can betaine replace part of the methionine in a broiler ration? Secondly, is there a synergism between methionine and betaine? 3. Birds given the control diet or that supplemented only with betaine ate less, grew more slowly, had higher food convension ratio (FCR) and varied more in mass at 42 d than birds fed diets with DL-methionine. Adding 1·2 g/kg DL-methionine to the control ration produced the heaviest birds at 42 d (2500 g) with the 2nd heaviest breast muscle (366 g). 4. After correcting for treatment differences in body mass (analysis of convariance), birds fed on the control diet and the diet supplemented with betaine only, had relatively lighter breast muscles but relatively heavier abdominal fat pads than those of birds given diets supplemented with DL-methionine. However, adding betaine to diets containing added methionine further improved the relative breast muscle yield. 5. After correcting for differences in body mass between treatments, birds fed on diets containing most methionine had lighter viscera than birds fed diets deficient in methionine. This demonstrated gut plasticity, suggesting that the viscera enlarged to sequester methionine from low-methionine diets. 6. Our data refute the hypothesis that betaine can substitute for methionine in broilers fed diets that are marginally deficient in methionine plus cystine. However, betaine may improve carcase composition, especially breast meat yield. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2015,24(1):37-48
The purposes of this research were: 1) a bio-assay to evaluate the effects of 2 feed enzymes (Hostazym X) and Avizyme 1505) on the performance of Cobb broilers; and 2) to calculate the economic value from the technical response data. A broiler response model that includes benefits from improved performance and incorporates the expected changes in output from Hostazym X and Avizyme 1505 is presented. Each of the 4 diets [1) Basal (corn, dried grains with solubles, and soybean meal based diet with 1,360 kcal/lb), 2) Basal+ Hostazym X, 3) Basal+ Avizyme 1505, 4) Basal+30 kcal/lb] was fed to 8 pens of 24 straight run Cobb chicks. Supplementing the basal diet with either enzyme showed significant effects on growth and feed efficiency. Quadratic equations were fitted through the response points for 49 d broilers: Body weights and feed intakes were: Basal, 6.085, 11.446; Basal+ Hostazym X, 6.231, 11.359; Basal+ Avizyme 1505, 6.165, 11.288; Basal+30 kcal, 6.455lb, 11.535 lb, respectively. Target live weights were compared at 4, 6 and 8 lb, chicken prices at $0.68 and $1.0/lb and feed costs at $200 and $400/ton. The value of feed savings by adding Hostazym X ranged from $6.92/ton for 4.0 lb broilers fed $200 feed, to $17.52/ton for 8.0 lb broilers fed $400 feed. The value of extra meat by adding Hostazym X ranged from $21.19/ton for 6.0 lb broilers selling for $0.68/lb, to $32.76/ton for 8.0 lb broilers selling for $1.0/lb. The value of feed savings by adding Avizyme 1505 ranged from $5.58/ton for 4.0 lb broilers fed $200 feed, to $12.09/ton for 8.0 lb broilers fed $400 feed. The value of extra meat from AZ1 ranged from $16.97/ton for 6.0 lb broilers selling for $0.68/lb, to $24.95/ton for 8.0 lb broilers selling for $1.0/lb. The value of the extra salable meat from feeding enzymes is 2 to 3 times greater than feed savings. Enzyme value is directly dependent on the costs of feed and meat value, and indirectly on reduced environmental costs for feed production and reduced unutilized nutrients (pollution) per lb of meat (not included in this analysis). 相似文献
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日粮蛋氨酸及赖氨酸水平对雌性肉仔鸡胴体组成的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本试验旨在探讨日粮蛋氨酸和赖氨酸水平对 3～ 6周龄艾维茵母鸡胴体组成及脂肪代谢的影响。试验采用 3× 5双因子试验设计 ,蛋氨酸设 3个水平 ( 0 32 % ,0 4 4% ,0 56 % ) ,赖氨酸设 5个水平( 0 7% ,0 85% ,1 0 % ,1 1 5% ,1 30 % ) ,一共形成 1 5个处理组。基础日粮由玉米、豆粕、花生粕、玉米蛋白粉等组成。含代谢能 1 2 73MJ/Kg ,粗蛋白 1 8 8% ,赖氨酸 0 7% ,蛋氨酸 0 32 %。试验末分别检测生产性能 ,屠宰性能及血液生化指标。结果表明 :日粮赖氨酸和蛋氨酸显著影响了肉仔鸡的胴体组成和脂肪代谢 (P <0 0 1 )。赖氨酸和蛋氨酸缺乏或过量 ,血浆尿酸、甘油三脂和极低密度脂蛋白浓度均呈上升趋势。日粮赖氨酸 ( 0 70 % )和蛋氨酸 ( 0 32 % )缺乏显著降低了肉仔鸡的体增重、胸肉率及全净膛率 (P<0 0 5) ,而腹脂沉积偏高。适度提高日粮赖氨酸和蛋氨酸水平可以提高全净膛率 ,胸肌率 ,降低腹脂沉积 ,从而改善胴体品质 相似文献
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产蛋种鸡蛋氨酸需要量的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验研究了北京红鸡父母代产蛋种鸡２１～４５周龄真可利用蛋氨酸的需要量。试验日粮为玉米—豆粕型。３个基础日粮的粗蛋白水平分别为１４．５％、１６．５％和１８．５％,蛋氨酸水平分别为０．２１％、０．２４％和０．２９％。每个基础日粮添加４个蛋氨酸水平：０、０．０５％、０．１５％和０．３０％。其它氨基酸含量都满足ＮＲＣ推荐需要量,且随粗蛋白水平升高而按比例增加。日粮含表观代谢能均为１１．２９ＭＪ／ｋｇ。共设有１２个试验处理,每个处理有８个重复,每个重复有２２只父母代产蛋母鸡。北京红鸡父母代种鸡２１～４５周龄,平均产蛋率是７６％时,在１４．５％、１６．５％和１８．５％３个粗蛋白水平下,用产蛋率指标确定的每日每只鸡总蛋氨酸的需要量分别是３１７ｍｇ、３４８ｍｇ和４１４ｍｇ;真可利用蛋氨酸的需要量分别是２８０ｍｇ、３０８ｍｇ和３６６ｍｇ;总含硫氨基酸的需要量分别是６１０ｍｇ、６２６ｍｇ和７９１ｍｇ;真可利用含硫氨基酸需要量分别是５３７ｍｇ、５７３ｍｇ和６７２ｍｇ。试验鸡的生产性能没有由于提高日粮粗蛋白水平而得到显著改善。添加蛋氨酸可以显著改善种鸡的生产性能。饲喂添加比例合适的蛋氨酸和赖氨酸、含粗蛋白１４．５％的蛋鸡日粮,可 相似文献
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试验选取1日龄AA肉鸡600只,随机分为6个处理,每个处理5个重复。试验基础日粮为玉米-豆粕型,1～3周龄和4～6周龄正、负对照组调整有效磷水平分别为0.43%、0.23%和0.34%、0.14%,负对照组基础上添加不同水平的植酸酶与负对照组一起形成0、250、500、750、1 000 U/kg 5个梯度。结果表明:日增重与植酸酶水平之间存在显著二次曲线相关(P<0.05);随着植酸酶添加水平的增加,胫骨强度有呈二次曲线增加的趋势(P<0.1)。进行3 d代谢试验,植酸酶不仅与粪中磷含量存在显著二次曲线相关(P<0.05),而且与粪中钙含量也有二次性响应的趋势(P<0.1)。从单个处理来看,在低磷日粮中添加500 U/kg植酸酶提高日增重和改善胫骨强度最为显著。综合各项指标二次曲线统计分析的结果,本试验日粮基础上添加750 U/kg植酸酶最为科学合理。 相似文献
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Effect of supplemental methionine, choline and their combinations on the performance and immune response of broilers 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1. A study was conducted with broilers to find out the effect of addition of methionine (0.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 g/kg) and choline (0.0, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) to a basal diet containing crude protein, 221 g/kg, ME, 12.25 MJ/kg, methionine, 3.6 g/kg and choline, 1300 mg/kg. 2. Supplemental levels of methionine and choline were found to be ineffective in improving the growth, food consumption and food conversion efficiency of broilers. 3. However, a higher value for leucocyte migration inhibition was observed in chicks fed on the diet containing 6.5 g/kg methionine and 1300 mg/kg choline, indicating a significantly improved cellular immune response. 4. HI test and ELISA indicated enhanced antibody titres in chicks receiving 3.0 g/kg methionine and 3300 mg/kg choline, showing a significantly better humoral immune response. 5. Methionine and choline should be supplemented at levels higher than the recommended level of BIS for better health and production in chicks. 相似文献
18.
饲粮中添加包被蛋氨酸对肉鸡生长性能、血液生化指标和养分表观回肠消化率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平包被蛋氨酸对肉鸡生长性能、血液生化指标和氨基酸表观回肠消化率的影响。选用 １８日龄科宝 ５００肉鸡 ３７８０只,按试验要求随机分为 ７组,每组设 ３个重复,每个重复 １８０只鸡。对照组（Ａ组）饲粮添加 ０．１６％的消旋蛋氨酸（ＤＬ Ｍｅｔ）,试验组饲粮添加含量为 ５０％的包被蛋氨酸,添加量分别为饲粮的 ０．３２％（Ｂ组）、０．２９％（Ｃ组）、０．２６％（Ｄ组）、０．２２％（Ｅ组）、０．１９％（Ｆ组）、０．１６％（Ｇ组）。饲喂至 ４２日龄结束。结果表明：Ｂ组和 Ｃ组末重、平均日增重和平均日采食量均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,Ｂ组死亡率显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,其他组与对照组均差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）;各试验组（除 Ｇ组外）血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,Ｂ组和 Ｃ组血浆总超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著高于 Ｇ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,其他生化指标各组间均差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）;各试验组干物质和粗蛋白质表观回肠消化率均与对照组差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）,除 Ｇ组多种氨基酸表观回肠消化率显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）外,其他试验组的各种氨基酸表观回肠消化率均与对照组差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）或显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果提示,随着包被蛋氨酸添加量的增加,肉鸡生长性能逐渐改善,氨基酸回肠消化率逐渐提高。饲粮添加 ０．１９％包被蛋氨酸（替代对照组 ６０％的蛋氨酸）即可满足肉鸡需要,即采用包被方式后,蛋氨酸最多可节约 ４０％。 相似文献
19.
Methionine imbalance and toxicity in calves 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The occurrence of methionine imbalance and toxicity was examined using 70- and 100-kg Holstein bull calves. The animals had been trained to maintain reflex closure of the reticular groove after weaning at 5 wk of age, and Trials 1 (n = 30) and 2 (n = 24) were conducted on animals at 7 and 12 wk of age, respectively. Calves received a corn-soybean meal diet in Trial 1 and a corn-corn gluten meal diet in Trial 2. In Trial 1, postruminal administration of 6 g of DL-methionine/d increased ADG, feed intake, gain/feed, and N retention compared with a control group receiving N-free supplement. However, the administration of 12 g of DL-methionine/d did not improve these variables, whereas both 18 and 24 g/d resulted in BW loss and decreased gain/feed and N utilization efficiency. In Trial 2, postruminal administration of 16 g/d of L-lysine from L-lysine monohydrochloride increased ADG, gain/feed, and N utilization efficiency compared with a control group receiving a N-free supplement. The administration of 8 g of DL-methionine/d in addition to L-lysine did not exert an adverse effect on these variables. However, the additional supplementation of 16 and 24 g of DLmethionine/d negated the improvement, whereas 32 g/d resulted in BW loss and decreased gain/feed and N utilization efficiency. These results showed that a methionine imbalance and toxicity occurred in calves with even a modest excess of DL-methionine, and 70-kg calves were more susceptible to methionine toxicity than 100-kg calves. Plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids and phenylalanine linearly decreased with increasing amounts of additional DL-methionine from 0 to 32 g/d in Trial 2. However, such a decrease occurred mainly within the range from 0 to 12 g/d in Trial 1. This decrease was suggested to occur in relation to methionine metabolism via the transsulfuration pathway. 相似文献
20.
1. A mixture experiment was used to measure the biological performance (weight gain and food conversion efficiency) of broilers from 7 to 21 d of age when Fed 1 of 13 combinations of 3 protein sources. The objective was to determine the combination of ingredients that would maximise biological performance. 2. The experiment consisted of 2 diet series: in the 1st series, the 3 protein sources used were fishmeal, sunflower oilcake meal and soyabean oilcake meal, and in the 2nd, the soyabean oilcake meal was supplemented with DL-methionine. The combinations of 2 and 3-component mixtures that maximised performance in the 2 series were then compared with the selections made by chickens offered a choice of 2 or 3 components separately. 3. In all cases, the choices made by the broilers coincided with those mixtures that maximised performance. 4. It is clear from this experiment that broiler chickens will attempt to maximise performance by choosing the best possible combination of protein sources when given the opportunity to do so. 相似文献