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番木瓜片的微波真空干燥特性与动力学模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了番木瓜片在不同微波功率、相对压力、切片厚度和装载量等干燥参数条件下的微波真空干燥特性,并建立微波真空干燥数学模型。结果表明:番木瓜片微波真空干燥过程可分为加速、恒速和降速过程;番木瓜片的干燥主要集中于恒速干燥阶段;番木瓜片的微波真空干燥过程同时受到微波功率、相对压力、切片厚度和装载量的影响;Page方程关于番木瓜片干基含水量和水分比的预测值与试验值均拟合较好,能较准确地反映番木瓜片微波真空干燥过程中的水分变化规律。 相似文献
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本试验采用流化床工艺干燥玛咖块根,考察了不同进气温度、空气流量、物料粒径3个主要因素对玛咖块根湿基含水率、失水速率曲线的影响,得到了玛咖块根流化床干燥各因素条件下的失水变化规律。并根据得到的实验数据建立了玛咖块根流化床干燥的动力学模型,并对得到的模型进行统计检验及验证。结果表明：玛咖块根流化床干燥的最佳模型为Page模型,拟合方程为：ln（-lnMR）＝-6.499+0.014 3T+0.0154V+0.708L+(1.556-0.001 46T-0.003 11V-0.185 L）lnt。该拟合方程能较好地描述玛咖块根流化床干燥过程,并能准确预测各阶段玛咖块根的含水率及失水速率。 相似文献
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微波真空干燥对咖啡豆风味成分的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在单因素实验的基础上,以微波功率、物料质量为影响因素,采用不同组合微波功率进行工艺优化,探索不同微波真空条件(单一功率、物料质量、组合功率)下生咖啡豆色泽、脂肪、蛋白质、咖啡因、葫芦巴碱、绿原酸、有机酸及挥发性成分的变化规律,并采用一元方差分析(ANOVA)对不同处理下生咖啡豆的风味成分进行统计学分析。结果表明:不同组合功率干燥可以在缩短单一功率干燥时间的同时,对咖啡豆中色泽、脂肪、蛋白质、咖啡因、葫芦巴碱、新绿原酸、苹果酸保护较好;不同组合功率干燥条件下共定性出41种挥发性化合物,酸类、醛类、烷烃烯烃类及醇类为生咖啡豆中四类主要的挥发性化合物,酯类化合物和其它类别化合物含量相对较低。 相似文献
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微波干燥对天然橡胶硫化胶热氧老化性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究3种不同干燥方式所得天然橡胶硫化胶的热氧老化性能。采用TG和DTG测定了空气氛围下干燥后样品硫化胶的热氧降解温度,运用Coats-Redfern方程计算N2氛围下样品硫化胶热降解活化能;采用RPA 2000在应变为0.5 deg下进行频率扫描来评估样品耐热老化性能,并测定了样品硫化胶老化前后的力学性能。结果表明,微波干燥天然橡胶的力学性能明显优于热空气干燥和自然干燥,性能变化率和老化系数更大,样品RPA频率扫描tanδ值的增值更大,微波干燥样品的热降解活化能高于热空气干燥9 kJ/mol,与自然干燥样品接近,说明微波干燥天然橡胶硫化胶的热稳定性好,耐热氧老化性能得到显著提高。 相似文献
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为了解决天然橡胶加工中存在的干燥时间长、能耗高、环境污染和设备占地较大等问题,设计了一种热空气-微波耦合天然橡胶干燥机,以实现两种干燥方式优势互补,提升天然橡胶加工干燥技术水平。以胶乳级颗粒胶为研究对象,采用该设备研究了微波干燥和热空气-微波耦合干燥特性,及耦合干燥动力学。研究发现:当天然橡胶初始含水率高时,采用微波干燥容易使橡胶受热不均匀,从而发生内部局部过热,使胶粒发粘变坏,影响天然橡胶的性能;而采用热空气-微波耦合干燥,橡胶的干燥时间由单独用热空气干燥的415.8 min降至耦合干燥的107 min,且干燥过程传热比较均匀,得到的橡胶品质较好。根据天然橡胶的水分变化规律,建立了天然橡胶热空气-微波干燥动力学模型,其动力学模型为:MR=(1-a)exp(-0.0485t~(0.685))+(1-b)exp(-4.76×10~(-76)t~(35.905))。 相似文献
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为提高花生果干燥后的品质，采用脉冲间歇式-低强度微波、高强度微波以及高&低强度微波分别与热风
进行耦合干燥，研究不同干燥工艺下花生果的干燥特性、品质特性及干燥能耗情况。结果表明：采用脉冲间歇式-
高&低强度微波热风耦合的干燥工艺最佳，其中微波强度 0.95 W/g照射时间 16.7 min，微波强度 0.48 W/g照射时间
11.7 min，干燥总耗时198.3 min，可将花生果含水率从50.0%降至15.5%，并且其总能耗比低强度微波和高强度微波
分别降低了37.1%、8.6%，干燥后花生果的品质较佳。因此，脉冲间歇式-高&低强度微波热风耦合干燥工艺的研究
对花生果的减损具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
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Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献