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健康与罹病玉米根际微生物数量及真菌区系研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对玉米茎基腐病植株根际微生物数量及真菌区系的研究结果表明,健康与罹病玉米植株根际微生物数量存在明显差异,其中罹病玉米植株根际真菌、细菌数量明显高于健康玉米植株,而健康与罹病玉米植株放线菌数量无明显差异。健康玉米植株根系真菌种类为8种,常见真菌3～4种,优势种的菌落数占总菌落数的28.9%～53.7%。罹病植株根系真菌种类为2～4种,仅有稀少真菌和优势种,且优势种的菌落数占其总菌落数的87.7%以上,处于绝对优势,经证明引起玉米茎基腐病的是禾谷镰刀菌。 相似文献
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根瘤菌对大豆根际土壤微生物及大豆农艺性状的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为研究施用根瘤菌条件下,大豆不同生育期土壤中微生物数量的动态变化及其对大豆农艺性状的影响,于大豆苗期、花期、结荚期、鼓粒期、成熟期分别对大豆根际土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌采用平板计数法进行数量测定;于大豆成熟期对大豆农艺性状及产量进行测定。结果表明:大豆根际土壤微生物数目随大豆生育期不同而发生变化。与对照相比,根瘤菌的施用均增加了除花期外各时期土壤中细菌的数量,在结荚期、鼓粒期和成熟期,增加了土壤真菌数量,在结荚期和成熟期增加了土壤放线菌数量;根瘤菌的施用增加了大豆的株高、主茎节数、单株荚数和单株粒数,且有效增加了大豆产量,与对照相比增产19.44%。 相似文献
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复合生防菌群对连作大豆根际土壤可培养微生物区系的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用盆栽试验,研究了复合生防菌群对大豆根际土壤可培养微生物区系的调节作用.结果表明,复合生防菌群可以明显改变大豆根际微生物区系组成.在大豆不同时期,复合生防菌群处理的大豆根际细菌、真菌和放线菌在数量上发生了较大改变.在大豆真叶期和复时期,复合生防菌群接种处理大豆根际细菌较对照增幅分别达到71.8％和114.3％,而根际真菌较对照减少12.9％和22.3％.在大豆真叶期,复合生防菌群接种处理大豆根际放线菌数量较对照减少9.9％,而在复叶期,根际放线菌数量较对照增加27.4％.此外,施用复合生防菌群可有效降低土传病原菌镰孢菌属(Fusarium)和丝核菌属(Rhizoctonia)的比例,并且提高根瘤菌(Rhtizobium)、固氮菌(Azotobacter)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)等有益菌的比例. 相似文献
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以常规大豆品种中黄13为对照,研究了抗草甘膦转基因大豆AG5601对根际土壤可培养微生物的数量影响。经过大豆2个生长周期的研究发现：在相同时段内,转基因大豆AG5601和对照对根际土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量变化影响趋势基本一致;除在第2生长周期的第30～100天（20100618～20100908）时转基因大豆极显著地抑制了根际土壤真菌数量（p<0.01）外,转基因大豆对根际土壤微生物数量的影响呈不规律变化;转基因大豆对根际土壤微生物有一定的影响,但无明显规律可循。此研究结果为在我国南繁地区开展转基因大豆AG5601安全评价提供数据支持。 相似文献
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不同苎麻品种根际微生物的变化及其对产量影响的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文初步研究了不同苎麻品种（系）土壤微生物量的变化及其与产量的相关性。结果表明：苎麻土壤微生物量排序依次为细菌〉真菌〉放线菌,不同品种间根际微生物数量存在显著差异,而非根际微生物在品种间（系）差异不显著;苎麻根际微生物量大于非根际,存在明显的根际效应;不同品种（系）纤维产量存在差异,以品种＂中苎2号＂产量最高,比对照圆叶青增产19.5%;苎麻品种经济性状指标、产量与主要微生物数量的相关系数均未达到显著水平,可能说明不同苎麻品种间微生物数量与产量差异性不大。 相似文献
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种植年限对香草兰生理状况及根际土壤微生物区系的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对不同种植年限香草兰园植株生理指标及根际土壤微生物区系进行测定分析。结果表明:10 a以上园龄的香草兰叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率和叶绿素含量显著降低,而0～5 a园龄香草兰叶片各生理指标并无显著性差异。平板稀释涂布结果显示:5、10和20 a园龄香草兰根际可培养细菌和放线菌数量显著低于新植园,根际细菌与新植园相比分别降低了58.4%、91.6%、96.7%;根际真菌及尖孢镰刀菌数量呈相反趋势,与新植园相比,真菌数量分别是新植园的1.6、2.1和3.4倍。综上所述,种植10 a以上的香草兰园植株生长代谢缓慢,土壤微生物由细菌型向真菌型转变,微生物区系失衡。 相似文献
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为了研究氮素转化菌对茶树根际土壤微生态环境的影响,本试验以山东泰安2年生茶树根际土壤为研究对象,设置枯草芽孢杆菌（T1）和褐球固氮菌（T2）两个接种处理,以不接种为对照（CK）。采用培养计数法与末端限制性片段长度多态性技术（T-RFLP）,测定不同时期根际土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌、氨化细菌、固氮菌、硝化细菌的数量及接种后微生物多样性的变化。同时测定接种后土壤中养分含量的变化。结果表明,接种60βd后T1和T2处理细菌数量显著高于CK,但对真菌及放线菌的影响不显著。整个试验过程氨化细菌和固氮菌数量高于CK,氨化细菌以T1处理最多,固氮菌以T2处理最多,硝化细菌数量始终是CK显著高于T1和T2处理。基于T-RFLP图谱分析,与对照组相比,菌剂组均增加了土壤微生物多样性和丰富度,各物种在数量上的均匀程度变大。在土壤养分方面,T1、T2菌剂处理组铵态氮浓度显著高于对照组,硝态氮含量低于对照。在速效P方面,T1、T2含量比CK分别显著提高了8%、25%。在速效K方面,T1、T2含量显著高于CK,提高了15%和11%。枯草芽孢杆菌和褐球固氮菌菌剂改善了茶树根际土壤微生态环境,提高了土壤养分,表现出正面效应,是一种生态安全性较高的生物菌剂。 相似文献
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在水稻生产上为了达到培育壮秧的目的,通过开展大田试验,采用缓释肥作出嫁肥进行研究。在水稻移栽前3 d人工撒施25 kg/667 m2缓释肥作出嫁肥,以常规施肥作对照,在水稻移栽后定期取样测定秧苗素质及在分蘖期调查水稻茎蘖动态,并综合评价缓释肥作出嫁肥对秧苗生长发育的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥相比,施用缓释肥作出嫁肥后,在14、21、28 d时,水稻秧苗的株高分别提高6.26%、5.38%、3.38%,地上部干质量分别提高35.29%、3.92%、4.59%,地下部干质量分别提高30.00%、30.43%、8.70%,但对秧苗的茎基宽、发根数及根冠比影响不大;在水稻茎蘖数方面,施用缓释肥处理较常规处理在7月1日、7月8日、7月15日、7月22日、7月29日分别高出12.97%、7.68%、12.08%、40.24%、16.59%。综上所述,施用缓释肥作出嫁肥,能够提高水稻秧苗的株高及干物质量,对茎基宽及发根数影响不大,在生长中期能够增强水稻的分蘖能力,提高分蘖期水稻的茎蘖数。使用该种缓释肥作出嫁肥后,能够通过提高秧苗株高、干物质量及分蘖数来达到壮秧的效果。 相似文献
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为了解不同专用小麦氮素同化及根际土壤氮素转化的特点,利用盆栽试验比较分析了强筋型小麦豫麦34、中筋型小麦豫麦49和弱筋型小麦豫麦50叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性、游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量及其根际土壤微生物和土壤酶活性的差异。结果表明,随生育进程,功能叶GS活性先升后降,豫麦34于开花期达到最大,豫麦49和豫麦50则在花后14 d达到高峰;叶片游离氨基酸含量呈先降后升再降的趋势,在花后14 d有一小高峰,除拔节期外,各时期均表现为豫麦34>豫麦49>豫麦50;除拔节期外,各时期叶片可溶蛋白含量均表现为豫麦34>豫麦50>豫麦49。根际土壤反硝化细菌活性在开花期较低,在其他时期均表现为豫麦34>豫麦49>豫麦50。硝化作用在拔节期和花后28 d品种间差异显著;豫麦34和豫麦49的亚硝化作用在开花期有小幅上升,豫麦50则在开花期达到最低值;土壤蛋白酶及脲酶活性在生育后期较大;不同专用小麦根际土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量仅在拔节期差异显著。 相似文献
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施氮量对玉米根区土壤微生物区系的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用稀释平板涂布法研究3个施氮量水平对不同栽培模式玉米根区土壤中可培养细菌、真菌和放线菌数量的差异性。结果表明,施氮能大大促进覆膜玉米根区土壤细菌、放线菌及覆草模式真菌数量的增加。玉米根区土壤微生物数量主要受玉米根系的影响,根外土壤微生物的数量主要受施氮量的影响。施氮能缩小常规模式玉米根区与根外土壤细菌和真菌数量的差异,增大常规模式玉米根区与根外土壤放线菌数量的差异,还能缩小覆盖模式玉米根区与根外土壤中3大类微生物数量的差异。玉米根区土壤微生物数量高于根外,但施氮量较高(240 kg/hm2)时,在覆膜和常规对照条件下土壤真菌数量及覆草模式下土壤细菌数量表现为根外高于根区。 相似文献
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为探明冬小麦幼苗期初生根形态的差异,采用室内发芽试验比较31个冬小麦品种(系)的初生根数、根粗、根长的动态变化。结果表明,从种子中伸出的初生根数在发芽后6d确定。初生根数在不同品种(系)间有很大差异,最多为6.2条·株-1,最少为3.6条·株-1;发芽后初生根基部根粗因熟化相对变细,不同品种(系)间根粗差异明显,根基部直径最大为0.33mm、最小为0.19mm;初生根总长度差异明显,最长为57.0cm·株-1,最短为34.8cm·株-1;单条初生根长最长为10.3cm,最短为7.1cm(以上均为发芽15d的值)。聚类分析将31个冬小麦品种(系)分为三组:根数少、根长而粗;根数多、根长而细;根数多、根短而粗。节水高产品种石家庄8号属于根数多、根长细组。发芽试验的初生根系性状参数可作为品种选择的参考指标。 相似文献
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探究播种量对油菜毯苗生长的影响,对标准化的油菜毯苗培育具有重要的现实意义。本试验测定了不同播种量下两个油菜品种的出苗数、存苗数、地上部生物量、叶片与根颈的生长状况。其结果显示:提高播种量会显著降低油菜毯苗的出苗率、存苗率、地上部单株干重、子叶与真叶的大小和根颈直径,提高油菜毯苗的株高与根颈长。但通过播种量的增加可以一定程度弥补质量的下降,使油菜毯苗的地上部全盘总干重先增加后减小。根据实际生产的移栽需求,通过播种量与存苗数的回归分析结果显示,最适播种量为700~750粒/盘。 相似文献
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Colonization in Upland Rice as Influenced by Agrochemical Application 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mycorrhizal status of rice under upland conditions was studied using potted seedlings. Percentage of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) root colonization varied between 17.35% and 37.18% over an age series of 7 to 70 days old rice plants. AMF root colonization was increased up to 35-42 days, beyond which the root colonization steadily declined. The vesicles appeared after two weeks and reached their maximum intensity on the 35th day. The arbuscules were formed late on the 42nd day (2.93%) and slightly varied up to the 70th day (3.03%). Higher dosage of urea application suppressed plant growth whereas the superphosphate treatment had no marked impact on plant growth. Generally, application of these agrochemicals registered less influence on the hyphal colonization of AMF in rice plants, whereas arbuscular colonization was adversely affected by higher dosages of fertilizers. There were pronounced decreases in both the plant growth and their AMF colonization due to the application of systemic fungicides, carbendazim and thiophanate methyl. The application of single sprays of fungicides was less deleterious over multiple sprays. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):440-446
AbstractPlant roots release mucilage and root border cells (RBCs) into rhizosphere, which function as a complex at the root–soil interface. The dynamics of RBCs in rhizosphere soil, however, remains unknown. In this study, the ratio of crushed root cap cells during root penetration into soil and survival of the RBCs after the release from the root cap were estimated in maize seminal root. In addition, the effects of long term soil compaction on RBCs release were investigated. During the root penetration into rhizosphere soil, 78, 56, and 45% of sloughed root cap cells were estimated to be crushed at the first, second, and third day after planting, respectively. The number of surviving RBCs decreased with time, but 6% of the RBCs in the rhizosphere still retained their cell walls at one month after planting. These cells were estimated to remain in the soil for at least 10 d after the release from lateral roots. Furthermore, RBCs release from newly emerged nodal root increased with aging of plants, and the cell release was significantly increased by soil compaction only at the seedling stage. In conclusion, significant number of RBCs were crushed during root penetration into soil, however many RBCs remained in the rhizosphere soil for a relatively longer period. Soil compaction significantly increased cell release only at the seedling stage. 相似文献
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【Objective】Mechanical transplanting results in serious transplanting shock of rice seedlings and a longer recovery stage, which negatively impacts the growth of rice seedlings in the paddy field and the yield formation of machine-transplanted rice. The objective of the research is to investigate the effects of brassinosteroid (BR) soaking on transplanting shock and grain yield of hydroponically grown long-mat seedlings (HLMS) under mechanical transplanting. 【Method】We analyzed the effects of different concentrations of BR (CK, T1, T10, T20, BR concentrations of 0 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L in the nutrient solutions, respectively) soaking on morphological traits, dry matter accumulation, antioxidant system, endogenous hormone concentrations and grain yield of HLMS under mechanical transplanting. 【Result】Root soaking in BR could promote above-ground part growth of rice, the plant height under T1, T10, T20 was 11.68%, 8.12% and 7.61% higher than CK, respectively; and the effect on the root was more obvious, BR soaking significantly increased the root length, root surface area, root tip number, root volume, root diameter, root weight and root/shoot ratio. At low BR concentration, root tip overnumbered that at high BR concentration while other root system indicators were better under high concentration BR treatment. Compared with CK, BR (T1, T10, T20) soaking decreased the H2O2 content in leaves by 12.50%, 23.25% and 22.25% 12 days after transplanting, respectively, and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Compared with the day of transplanting, the zeatin (ZT) concentration in the leaves under BR soaking treatments increased rapidly (197.27%, 153.11% and 243.78%, respectively), while under CK treatment it increased slowly (2.94%), the root performance was consistent with leaves, and the auxin (IAA) concentration in the roots was significantly higher than that of CK on the second day after transplanting. The gibberellin (GA3) content of roots in BR soaking treatments was significantly higher than that of CK within one week after transplanting. Compared with CK, T10 significantly increased the number of spikelet per panicle by 15.04%, and the seed-setting rate by 6.62%. T20 obviously increased the seed-setting rate by 6.17%. However, T1, T10, and T20 notably decreased 1000-grain weight. The grain yield under T10 and T20 treatments (the corresponding values were 10.58 t/hm2 and 10.84 t/hm2) were 5.11% and 7.99% higher than CK (10.04 t/hm2), while grain yield under T1 (9.68 t/hm2) was 3.58% lower than that of CK, and there was no significant difference among these treatments. 【Conclusion】Briefly, BR （T10, T20）soaking at proper concentrations could mitigate the transplanting shock, increase antioxidant enzymes activities, decrease H2O2 content of leaves, improve the contents of ZT, GA3, and IAA to different extent, efficiently promote roots growth, increase the number of spikelet number per panicle and seed-setting rate of HLMS under mechanical transplanting. This study will lay a theoretical basis and provide technical reference for reducing machine-transplanting shock and promoting high and stable yield of mechanical transplanted rice. 相似文献
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为解决镰刀菌病害对大豆种植业造成的损失,避免化学药剂对农产品质量和人体健康的风险,本研究分离针对大豆镰刀菌病害的生防菌,通过分子生物学和生物信息学手段鉴定生防菌类型,并通过温室试验验证生防菌对大豆尖孢镰刀菌病害的防治效果。研究共分离得到144株菌,其中1种Y8菌株对尖孢镰刀菌大豆专化型有较强的防治效果,这种菌经鉴定为假单胞菌属微生物。试验结果显示:Y8菌株能够有效保护大豆免受尖孢镰刀菌的侵染,使大豆的病情指数降低42.23%。相对于对照组,Y8菌株使大豆的生物量提高45.9%,使根生物量提高73.3%,大豆籽产量提高35.4%,叶绿素含量提高22.7%。这可能是由于Y8菌株成功的在大豆根际定植,抑制尖孢镰刀菌的生长,并且其次生代谢物能促进大豆的生长。本研究发现的假单胞菌属微生物可为大豆尖孢镰刀菌病害的防治提供一种有效的解决途径。 相似文献
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Two tomato root colonizing strains, Bacillus amyloliquefacien CM-2 and T-5, were isolated after the enrichment procedure on the roots of tomato seedlings, and evaluated for their antagonistic activities against pathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum (RS) in vitro. Three inoculation methods were used to test their biocontrol efficacy and growth promotion effects in greenhouse based on their colonization ability in rhizosphere soil. Both CM-2 and T-5 strains showed strong biocontrol and growth promotion effects on tomato seedlings. The best biocontrol efficacy was obtained by treating both seedlings and soils with the biocontrol agents. In comparison to the control, the disease incidence was reduced by 70.1 and 79.4% for CM-2 and T-5, respectively. The numbers of colony-forming units of RS in rhizosphere soil were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased as compared to the control. The density of both strains in the rhizosphere soils remained at a high level (≥107 CFU/g) during a five-week period. Both strains were recovered from the interior of the stems and roots of plants. They showed positive reactions for ammoina, indole acetic acid and siderophores production, and phosphate solubilizing activity. Our data proved the potential of isolated strains for the biocontrol of tomato bacterial wilt. 相似文献