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大豆经适当加工可减少或去除其中的抗营养因子,因而大豆制品所含的抗营养因子成分不同.通过竞争ELISA法和胰蛋白酶抑制法检测豆粕、膨化大豆、脱壳豆粕、大豆分离蛋白、大豆浓缩蛋白、全脂豆粉、脱脂豆粉和热处理大豆粉大豆加工制品中胰蛋白酶抑制因子、大豆凝集素、大豆球蛋白及β-伴大豆球蛋白的活性,并进行SDS-PAGE分析,进而比较其主要抗营养因子灭活的程度.结果表明,在现取样的10种大豆加工制品中,膨化处理除去了绝大多数的主要抗营养因子,是一种较理想的加工工艺;去皮豆粕中胰蛋白酶抑制因子和大豆凝集素几乎被灭活,但仍存在一定量的大豆球蛋白及β-伴大豆球蛋白.此项工作为评价大豆加工工艺提供理论基础. 相似文献
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由于大豆皮具有多种有益的功能,因而被添加于多种动物的饲料中.国内外学者对大豆皮的研究主要集中在大豆皮的可消化性和能量价值,而对大豆皮中抗营养因子组成及含量的研究报告非常的少.本文用竞争ELISA法对大豆皮中具有免疫活性大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和凝集素的含量进行了测定,结果显示生大豆皮中具有免疫活性的大豆球蛋白、β-伴大豆球蛋白和凝集素的含量分别为25.3、41.4和12.2 mg g-1,说明大豆皮中含有相当高水平的抗营养因子.因此,大豆皮添加到动物饲料中之前,必须经过适当的加工处理,以在最大程度上灭活其中具有免疫活性的抗营养因子,且应该注意添加量等问题. 相似文献
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利用变性剂脲和还原剂β-巯基乙醇解聚大豆球蛋白,在还原条件下通过DEAE琼脂糖凝胶F阴离子交换层析分离大豆球蛋白亚基,并对制备的亚基进行复性,从而建立了系统的分离纯化大豆球蛋白天然亚基的方法。对该方法分离亚基的产率和亚基的纯度进行评定,并利用大豆球蛋白免疫家兔制备的抗血清检测各种纯化亚基的免疫活性。结果表明：在还原条件下利用阴离子交换层析,可以有效的分离大豆球蛋白的碱性亚基和不同种类的酸性亚基。该方法的产率较高,以大豆球蛋白分离纯化碱性亚基及酸性亚基A1a, A2, A3, A4的产率分别为23.93%,14.95%,14.33%,12.06%,7.12%。制备的碱性亚基和酸性亚基A1a, A2 , A3, A4的纯度分别为84.39%,90.48%,92.00%,65.91%,85.00%;纯化亚基能与抗大豆球蛋白血清特异性结合,具有免疫活性。 相似文献
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以黄大豆和黑大豆为原料调制了β-伴大豆球蛋白,用SDS-PAGE和PAS染色分析了黄大豆及黑大豆来源的β-伴大豆球蛋白各个亚基构成及糖含量,并通过体外模拟人体消化方法制备了胃蛋白酶及胰蛋白酶酶解物,利用动物细胞培养的方法分析了两种β-伴大豆球蛋白酶解物对肠道致病菌大肠杆菌(EScherichia coli stralns serotype 026)和沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimuryum LT2)粘附Caco-2细胞的抑制作用.结果表明:黄大豆及黑大豆来源的β-伴大豆球蛋白均含有相同的亚基,糖含量上基本一致,为3.5%-3.7%;二者加热处理后再体外消化得到的酶解产物与未加热处理相比可以显著抑制大肠杆菌对Caco-2细胞的粘附,而对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的抑制作用不明显.这一结果说明,摄取加热后的β-伴大豆球蛋白,在经胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶等消化作用后,其消化产物有可能具有保护肠道上皮细胞不被大肠杆菌致病菌粘附的作用. 相似文献
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大豆种子贮藏蛋白在种子形成过程中逐渐合成和积累,又在种子萌发过程中逐渐降解。不同的大豆贮藏蛋白通过影响蛋白的性质改变其营养和功能品质。包括脂氧酶在内的7S球蛋白与11S球蛋白是构成大豆贮藏蛋白的主要成分,是大豆品质改良的重要目标。本文主要从脂氧酶缺失改良育种、11S球蛋白缺失的高7S球蛋白含量改良、7S球蛋白亚基缺失的高11S球蛋白含量改良、7S球蛋白与脂氧酶双缺失改良等几个方面,介绍大豆主要蛋白组分改良育种的研究进展,以期为中国大豆品质改良育种提供借鉴。 相似文献
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大豆抗原蛋白既是大豆的主要营养成分,又是大豆抗营养因子的主要种类之一,是限制大豆蛋白源在食品及饲料行业广泛应用的关键因素。其中,大豆球蛋白(Glycinin)和β-伴大豆球蛋白(β-Conglycinin)是免疫原性最强的大豆蛋白。Gly-cinin具有较强的热稳定性,普通的热处理对其免疫原性的灭活能力较小。Glycinin在鱼类饲料中含量过高,会引起鱼类肠道损伤,消化酶活力降低,生长缓慢,甚至死亡。文中简要介绍了大豆抗原蛋白Glycinin的理化性质、识别检测方法及对鱼类健康的影响,并对该领域的研究方向进行了探讨与展望,旨在为大豆抗原蛋白的加工去除及合理开发利用大豆蛋白源提供依据。 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。 相似文献
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R. W. Summers 《Crop Protection》1989,8(6):451-454
One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed. 相似文献
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Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed. 相似文献
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为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。 相似文献
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为了寻找一种高效的荔枝果实瞬时基因表达方法,本研究以荔枝品种‘新球蜜荔’（Litchi chinensis Sonn. var. ‘Xinqiumili’）为试材,利用农杆菌注射法对荔枝果实组织进行转化,研究了果实发育时期、菌株种类、注射部位、取样时间、菌液浓度等对转化效率的影响。结果表明：选择果肉已完全包裹种子的Ⅱb期果实进行连体注射,在果柄、果皮、种子、果肉分别注入OD600值为2.4的农杆菌菌株GV3101,4 d后取样进行检测,4个组织的GUS染色率较高。本研究成功建立了适用于荔枝果实的基因瞬时表达系统,为今后快速鉴定荔枝果实相关基因功能提供了基础。 相似文献
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2020年10月17日,《中华人民共和国生物安全法》(以下简称《生物安全法》)通过全国人大常委会的审议,自2021年4月15日起施行.生物技术的研究与应用安全是《生物安全法》涉及的主要内容之一,基因编辑作为近几年生物技术领域的研究热点,其安全性评价和监管备受关注.本文概述了基因编辑技术的应用现状,比较了不同国家对基因编... 相似文献