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1.
The Ghana ministry of fisheries and the ministry of Agriculture provide free extension services and other technical services to fish farmers in Ghana, e.g. producing fingerlings at government-operated fish hatcheries for sale to farmers. Non-governmental organizations and universities have also provided some technical assistance to fish farmers in efforts towards the development of aquaculture in Ghana. The study identified the various sources of aquaculture information to Ghanaian fish farmers and examined the factors that affected their decision to utilize these alternative sources of information. Using choice modelling techniques, the study found that the probability of farmers seeking information on aquaculture from the Ghana government increases with literacy by about 43% more than with illiteracy and by about 34% with an increase in total size of ponds. The probability that a literate farmer will choose to obtain aquaculture information from a non-governmental organization decreased by about 10% compared with an illiterate farmer. The probability of choosing 'other sources' for aquaculture information increased by about 27% for farmers residing in Ashanti region compared with farmers in the Brong-Ahafo region but the probability of farmers seeking information from 'other sources' decreased with literacy and number of years farming. 相似文献
2.
Akuffo Amankwah Kwamena K. Quagrainie Paul V. Preckel 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(4):410-430
ABSTRACTThe impacts of improved agricultural technologies on smallholder households in Africa are well documented in the literature. However, the literature on the welfare impacts of aquaculture technologies, especially in the context of smallholder households, is very scanty. This paper applies the propensity score matching technique to household survey data to examine the impact of improved feed technology on fish income and poverty in Kenya. After controlling for observable household characteristics, the results indicate that improved feed technology increases aquaculture income and reduces poverty among fish farming households. Specifically, the income effect of the technology is 23–37%, with resultant poverty reduction effect of 19–23% points. Evidence from the study indicates that the likelihood of adopting improved feed in Kenya will surge with improved extension service delivery, access to government subsidized feed, and easy market access for purchasing improved feed and sale of mature fish. 相似文献
3.
Community livelihood and patterns of natural resources uses in the shrimp‐farm impacted Mekong Delta
This case study looks at changing livelihood strategies of the coastal population in Soc Trang Province in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, and their impacts on natural resources. It provides an opportunity not only to document the impact of shrimp farming on coastal livelihood but also to better understand the link between brackish water aquaculture development and natural resource use. The approach includes a socio‐economic survey in six villages of the province focusing on risk strategies and livelihood diversification. Shrimp farming was found to be less risky and more profitable for households and private companies with a higher investment capacity than for poorer households. Households facing a high risk in shrimp farming diversified their aquaculture production, with other high‐value species like mud crab and elongated goby as a coping mechanism. The use of natural resources' collection is shifting from home consumption towards market‐oriented sales of juvenile mud crabs, clams or fish (elongated goby) to supply seed for brackish water aquaculture developments. 相似文献
4.
Nguyen Minh Duc 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2009,40(3):417-424
There is a growing awareness of the importance of food fish production on human nutrition, employment, poverty, and recreation. However, the role of aquaculture in livelihoods of fish farmers has not been considered rigorously. With 120 farmers interviewed in a field survey and a cumulative logistic model, this study identifies some determinants of subjective well‐being of small‐scale fish farmers in Vietnam and examines the role of earnings from fish production in generating their happiness. The results confirm that the farmers receive satisfaction from their farm working. Subjective well‐being of the farmers increases with their job satisfaction and cash earnings from fish farming. A doubling in cash returns from fish culture relative to household income raises a farmer’s happiness probability by an estimated 10.6%. Education also affects farmers’ life satisfaction. For better educated farmers, when their satisfaction from fish culture increases by one level, happiness probability is estimated to increase by 0.23%. Wild fish plays an important role in Vietnamese farmers as a doubling in relative income from wild fish captures raises their estimated probability of happiness by 139%. 相似文献
5.
Abstract. The growth of the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., aquaculture industry has been tremendous; from a modest beginning, today's world production of salmon farming is close to 260 million tonnes in ten different countries. In particular the last 20–30 years have seen a dramatic increase in annual sales and production.
The methods vary. From exploiting the natural migrations of this anadromous fish, sea ranching has produced a viable industry. However, controlling the entire life cycle in closed systems has been more successful.
The growth of the farming industry is seriously hampered by such factors as diseases and parasites, algae blooms, environmental pollution, sabotage and rough seas. Several of these factors will not easily be eliminated, although methodical research and development could make the fish farming industry more efficient. Most of the fish farming is situated in remote regions, and the product has to be transported to heavy populated areas for sale, often across borders. The approximate average production costs per kilo differ according to the organization of the industry, average salary, the feed costs and the industrial hurdles, expressed as loss of fish, due to a variety of factors. Even though the market is growing, we must expect fierce competition. Farms producing fish of high quality at low cost will survive. The industry needs healthy fish in well-run farms, smart farmers and a government which helps the industry with reasonable regulations, guidance, applied and basic research, and insight into the future. 相似文献
The methods vary. From exploiting the natural migrations of this anadromous fish, sea ranching has produced a viable industry. However, controlling the entire life cycle in closed systems has been more successful.
The growth of the farming industry is seriously hampered by such factors as diseases and parasites, algae blooms, environmental pollution, sabotage and rough seas. Several of these factors will not easily be eliminated, although methodical research and development could make the fish farming industry more efficient. Most of the fish farming is situated in remote regions, and the product has to be transported to heavy populated areas for sale, often across borders. The approximate average production costs per kilo differ according to the organization of the industry, average salary, the feed costs and the industrial hurdles, expressed as loss of fish, due to a variety of factors. Even though the market is growing, we must expect fierce competition. Farms producing fish of high quality at low cost will survive. The industry needs healthy fish in well-run farms, smart farmers and a government which helps the industry with reasonable regulations, guidance, applied and basic research, and insight into the future. 相似文献
6.
Helen Lei Sun Edward J. T. Collins 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(4):398-417
Small-scale household pond aquaculture development has significantly contributed to Chinese food security, poverty reduction, and improved livelihood of farmers. Before the onset of the economic reform in 1979, markets were non-existent. We address the question of the importance of the part played by decentralized government in coordinating the economic activities from a planned to a market-directed economy in the aquaculture sector. In this case study, we have interviewed farmers and officials and used secondary official data in Shandong province. We find that coordination by local government has been crucial in developing small-scale household agricultural and aquaculture production in transitional economy, and enabling the market to become the driving force in the development of household pond aquaculture in rural China. The Chinese experience may bring valuable lessons for other developing countries, where hunger are endemic, and the smallholder farmers are the key target in poverty reduction. 相似文献
7.
我国水产养殖设施模式发展研究 总被引：4，自引：5，他引：4
作为世界水产养殖大国,我国的养殖设施模式要走上可持续发展的轨道,应该在为健康养殖提供进一步保障的前提下,更加注重系统在"节水、节地、节能、减排"方面的功效。养殖池塘、流水型养殖设施、循环水养殖设施和网箱养殖设施是我国集约化养殖的主要设施模式。这些设施在发挥巨大生产力的同时,在养殖水环境控制、水资源利用、生产系统效益、系统对环境的影响等方面,不同程度地存在着问题或矛盾,没能发挥出现代设施系统在健康养殖和产业可持续发展上应有的作用。本文在对以上4种主要养殖设施模式进行分析的基础上,结合养殖设施科技领域的研究成果,提出未来我国水产养殖设施模式的发展方向以及需要解决的重大科技问题,包括池塘工程化生态养殖设施、节水型养殖设施、经济型循环水养殖设施、系统化深水网箱养殖设施等4种发展模式。 相似文献
8.
9.
我国离岸养殖工程发展策略 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
发展离岸养殖工程对于保障水产品供给、开发蓝色国土资源、实现海洋水域资源的合理利用与有效开发具有重大意义。本文阐述了我国网箱养殖工程发展现状和面临的主要问题,介绍了国外在深水抗风浪网箱和养殖工船方面的研发进展,指出未来离岸养殖工程发展趋势是养殖设施系统大型化、养殖环境生态化、养殖地域外向化、养殖过程低碳化,提出了我国离岸养殖工程发展战略目标是:至2020年,全面形成面向深海、合理分布于主权海域的海上水产品养殖生产与流通体系,实现海洋渔业由"捕"向"养"的根本性转变,建立领先于世界的工业化蓝色农业生产体系。 相似文献
10.
11.
Kitojo Wetengere 《Aquaculture International》2011,19(1):33-49
Intensification of farm technologies has shown high potential in improving farm production and enhancing rural food and income
security. Intensification, however, is commodity-specific with high-value crops intensively produced. Farmed fish is one of
the high-value crops introduced in the study area to meet the above ends. The problem, however, is that the level of intensifying
fish farming technology has been very low leading to discouraging results. A study was conducted in Morogoro and Dar es Salaam
Regions, Tanzania, to identify socio-economic factors that influence the intensification of fish farming technology. Data
were collected from 234 respondents randomly sampled from 25 selected villages and were analyzed using multinomial logistic
regression model. Results indicated that age, extension education, profitability, marketability, risk, palatability and easiness
to obtain farmed fish were significant in explaining the intensification of fish farming technology. Three recommendations
emerge from this finding. First, there is need to provide extension education to the practicing farmers on various aspects
of fish farming. The probability of intensifying fish farming is higher for knowledgeable farmers. Second, technology developers
should strive to reduce the risk of farming fish and improve the profitability and marketability of farmed fish. Finally,
any analysis focusing on intensification of a fish farming technology should not confine itself to agronomic and socio-economic
characteristics but should also encompass food characteristics of the technology. Food variables such as palatability and
easiness to obtain farmed fish have been shown to influence the intensification of fish farming technology. 相似文献
12.
福建省霞浦县大弹涂鱼养殖可持续发展策略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
福建省霞浦县大弹涂鱼养殖发展迅速，已成为该县的一项特色产业，目前全县大弹涂鱼养殖面积已突破1333ha，并取得了明显的经济效益。然而，随着大弹涂鱼养殖业的发展，也出现了一些需要解决的问题，本文就如何使霞浦县大弹涂鱼养殖能够保持可持续发展提出一些看法。 相似文献
13.
本文根据1998、1999年从广西引进的月鳢亲鱼及苗种,在厦门市水产中试基地进行人工育苗及苗种养成的生产试验结果,提出月鳢人工繁育及养成的技术要点。包括苗种的人工繁殖培养及水泥池精养两部分工艺流程。 相似文献
14.
《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(3-4):283-316
ABSTRACT India is a very populous country with more than one billion people. In order to provide food for this growing population, serious environmental problems may result. Despite many benefits from the green, blue, and silver revolutions adopted in India, there has been much concern resulting from intensive agricultural practices that led to environmental problems in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Increasing demand for aquatic resources also caused inland fisheries to decrease over the past few decades. The location of aquaculture projects, landscape destruction, soil and water pollution by pond effluents, over-exploitation of important fish stocks, depletion in biodiversity, conflicts over agriculture and aquaculture among various stakeholder groups over resource and space allocation, and international fish trade controversies have threatened the long-term sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture industries. The subject of sustainable aquaculture has not been adequately projected in terms of current aquaculture practices aimed to boost a rural economy. This review briefly describes the key issues of aquaculture unsustainability in terms of intensive aquaculture, nutrient enrichment syndrome, soil and groundwater salinization, destruction of mangroves, loss of biodiversity, marine pollution and loss of fish stock, use of aquachemicals and therapeutics, hormone residues, etc. The strategies for sustainability have been highlighted with respect to rice-cum-fish culture, carp polyculture, integrated farming with livestock, rural aquaculture, intensification of small farms, wastewater-fed aquaculture, crop rotation, probiotics, feed quality, socioeconomic considerations, environmental regulations and fisheries acts, transboundary aquatic ecosystems, impact of alien species, ethical aspects of intensive aquaculture, responsible fisheries, and environmental impact assessment. A suggested model outlines the feedback mechanisms for achieving long-term sustainability through improved farm management practices, integrated farming, use of selective aquachemicals and probiotics, conservation of natural resources, regulatory mechanism, and policy instruments. 相似文献
15.
Increased aquaculture production has raised concerns about managing protocols to safeguard the welfare of farmed fish, as
consumers demand responsible aquaculture practices to provide ‘welfare friendly’ products. Feeding is one of the largest production
cost in a fish farm and can be one of the biggest stressors for fish. Under farming conditions, fish are challenged with artificial
diets and feeding regimes, and inadequate feeding conditions cause stress, alteration of normal behavioural patterns, poor
performance and eventually diseases and death, which are by no means acceptable neither economically nor ethically. This review
aims to highlight the impact of feeding rhythms and feeding time upon physiological and behavioural welfare indicators, which
show circadian rhythms as well. Therefore, all these variables should be considered when designing feeding strategies in farming
conditions and assessing the welfare state of cultured fish. 相似文献
16.
Nguyen Minh Duc 《Aquaculture International》2009,17(1):15-29
Rural aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms with extensive and semi-intensive husbandry practised by small-scale
rural households for their consumption and income. From a field survey in Southeast Vietnam, using enterprise budget analysis
and nonparametric tests with indices of change, adoption, and agreement, this study justifies that rural aquaculture is a
good option for rural development, making an important contribution to farm income with a high adoption rate among poor farmers.
Fish farmers have gained an increased level of satisfaction by means of fish culture production growth along with corresponding
economic gains. This enterprise continues to play an increasing important role in their livelihoods and has potential to develop
further in the area. 相似文献
17.
David C. Little Pimjai Surintaraseree Nick Innes-Taylor 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1996,140(4):295-321
Adoption of rice-fish culture by farmers in the rainfed areas of northeast Thailand is examined with reference to recent field research and extension in the region. The practice is placed in perspective with the development of aquaculture per se and the human and agricultural ecology of this heterogeneous region. Rice-fish culture is a recent activity in the region and has been promoted by government and non-government agencies with variable success among small-scale farmers. The widespread availability of private hatchery-produced fish seed and perceived decline in wild fish have been important stimuli. Rainfed rice fields are marginal agricultural environments and lack of water constrains both rice and fish production. Wild swamp fish are tolerant of these conditions and traditional systems for their management and capture have expanded greatly in recent years. In much of the region ‘trap’ ponds are used more for catching wild fish than as refuge sumps or ponds for fish culture per se; wild fish typically constitute between 20 and 80% of the total yields in stocked systems. Widespread availability of fish seed allows more farmers to try rice-fish culture but the small size of seed at purchase is still a problem particularly where carnivorous, wild fish are prevalent. Appropriate on-farm nursery techniques may improve success and adoption of hapa nursing has been high in some parts of the region. Species ratio and density of fish stocked depends mainly on their availability from fry traders; the major species stocked in rice fields are the silver barb (Puntius gonionotus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
Farmers adapt rice fields for fish culture as part of their whole farm strategy; benefits to rice, vegetable and fruit and livestock may be considered more important than fish yields. The high value attached to even small quantities of fresh fish is a major incentive for rice-fish culture, but women who are decision makers in terms of changes to rice fields and household consumption have often not been fully considered during promotion of rice-fish.
The relatively small areas of riceland that farmers can stock and harvest fish, low yields per unit area and high consumption of fish reduces the importance of rice-fish culture in many rural households. The analysis suggests that stocking fish in rice fields in areas with poor access to wild fish supplies from community water bodies would have most impact.
Although rice-fish culture can contribute to subsistence requirements, the high labour demand often means that intensified capture of wild fish or pond-based culture of fish are more attractive for poorer and better off farmers, respectively. 相似文献
18.
James O. Bukenya Theodora S. Hyuha Joseph Molnar Julius Twinamasiko 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(2):148-170
This article presents the use of a stochastic frontier production function to examine the efficiency of resource utilization in pond fish farming in Uganda. The study draws on data from a field survey administered to 200 small-scale fish farmers in three major fish farming districts in Central Uganda: Mukono, Mpigi and Wakiso. The districts were part of a large aquaculture development project funded by the United States Agency for International Development-Aquaculture and Fisheries Collaborative Research Support Program. Productive efficiency was analyzed using stochastic frontier analysis with a translog production function while assuming a truncated-normal distribution for the inefficiency term. The output variable was total quantity of fish produced, while input variables were quantity or value of inputs used in the production process, namely labor, pond size, stocking density, capital and feeds. The estimated index of resource-use efficiency revealed that small-scale farmers were inefficient in resource allocation by over-utilizing labor with an estimated allocative efficiency index of ?0.94 and grossly under-utilized pond size, feeds and fingerlings with allocative efficient indices of 1.15, 1.64, 3.71, respectively. The results suggest that there is considerable scope to expand output and also productivity by increasing production efficiency at the relatively inefficient farms and sustaining the efficiency of those operating at or closer to the frontier. 相似文献
19.
海水养殖保险作为农业保险的重要组成部分,可以有效分散养殖风险并在灾后进行快速损失补偿,对于促进海水养殖业持续健康发展具有重要意义.目前我国部分沿海地区已进行海水养殖保险试点.关于海水养殖保险的理论研究大部分集中在保险经营模式的探讨上,对于保险费率厘定及政府费率补贴问题研究较少,仍处于初步探索阶段.鉴于农业保险费率研究的日益成熟,本文参考农业保险探讨海水养殖保险费率补贴的问题.首先从经济学和保险风险可保性两个方面阐明了海水养殖保险费率补贴的原理,参考农业保险费率补贴的经验,给出了海水养殖保险保费补贴应考虑的各项因素.继而就如何进行保险费率补贴提出如下建议：建立分层政府补贴机制;根据区域特点和保险险种进行差异化补贴;根据养殖户多样性要求设置不同的保障水平;实地考察养殖户的支付意愿进而测算最优补贴额度.最后就目前海水养殖保险开展中可能存在的问题进行了讨论. 相似文献
20.
Rice–fish-farming systems constitute a unique agro-landscape across the world, especially in tropical and sub-tropical Asia. Rice is a globally important staple food crop, with a wide distribution and constituting diversified varieties. The introduction of fish rearing to rice farming creates an integrated agro-ecological system. China boasts a history of 1700 years in rice–fish-farming practice. It is no longer a sole agro-production practice, but an agro-cultural pattern. Therefore, it has been listed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as one of the Globally Important Ingenious Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS). Qingtian County of the Zhejiang province has been selected as a pilot conservation site. The rice–fish-farming systems in China diversify China's agro-landscape and favor the conservation of species variety of both rice and fish. The survival of deep-water rice, an indigenous rice variety, and Oujiang red carp, an indigenous fish variety, are cases in point. Being low external input systems, the rice–fish-farming systems necessitate only small amounts of pesticide and fertilizer. The application of pesticides can be lowered to 50% of that of modern, high-input rice production; sometimes, no pesticide application is required. The natural enemies of rice pests show a prominent rise, making the bio-control of rice diseases and pests highly feasible. The rice–fish-farming system is also of great significance in global food security and global change. It provides food and animal protein for subsistence farmers living in ecologically-fragile mountainous regions. It also reduces economic risks that these farmers potentially face. The nitrogen-fixation role of the system increased the content of organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the soil by 15.6–38.5%. It also reduces the emission of CH4 by nearly 30% compared with traditional rice farming. However, the economical development and industrialization in China pose a threat to rice–fish farming and, consequently, the numbers of farmers involved in rice–fish farming are decreasing. This calls for the Chinese government to engage itself in the conservation and development of this system and to innovate the existing technologies. It would also be useful, in the meantime, to exploit and conserve rice–fish farming as eco-tourism resources, so that the income of the mountainous farmers can be increased and this important, indigenous agro-culture be conserved and developed. 相似文献