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Cryotherapy of Potato Shoot Tips for Efficient Elimination of Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV) and Potato Virus Y (PVY) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Viral diseases constitute a major constraint to high yield and high quality production of potato. Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) and Potato virus Y (PVY) are among the most damaging potato viruses and are prevalent in most potato growing areas. In the present study, attempts
were made to eliminate PLRV and PVY by three cryogenic protocols, i.e., encapsulation-dehydration, encapsulation-vitrification
and droplet. Results showed that both PLRV and PVY could be efficiently eliminated by cryogenic treatments with 83–86% and
91–95% of frequencies of virus-free plantlets obtained for the former and latter, respectively. Frequencies of virus-free
plantlets produced by cryogenic treatments were higher than those by meristem culture (56% for PLRV and 62% for PVY) and thermotherapy
(50% for PLRV and 65% for PVY), and similar to those by thermotherapy followed by meristem culture (90% for PLRV and 93% for
PVY). Survival (75–85%) and regrowth (83–89%) from cryo-treated shoot tips were higher than those from meristem culture (50–55%)
and thermotherapy followed by meristem culture (40–50%), but similar to those from thermotherapy (80–87%). The morphology
of the plantlets regenerated from cryo-treated shoot tips was similar to that of non-treated plantlets. Thus, cryotherapy
would provide an alternative method for efficient elimination of potato viruses, and can be simultaneously used for long-term
storage of potato germplasm and for production of virus-free plants. 相似文献
3.
Summary A joint Chilean, Italian, and United States potato (Solanum tuberosum) germplasm collecting expedition was conducted in the Guaitecas and Chonos Archipelagos, south of Chiloé Island, between
March 4 – March 21, 1990. The expedition resulted in 30 collections ofSolanum tuberosum and 1 collection ofFragaria chiloensis L. Twenty-three of the potato collections were along the salt-water-swept shores of the islands. These beach populations,
unlike the indigenous landraces in southern Chile, are self-perpetuating populations and provide useful new germplasm for
researchers interested in the origin of cultivated potatoes and in the origin ofSolanum tuberosum in Chile. 相似文献
4.
Summary Potato shoot tips excised from 2-week-old in vitro nodal cuttings were cryopreserved after encapsulation in alginate beads.
Encapsulated shoot tips were first precultured in sucroseenriched media, dried over silica gel, and rapidly cooled in liquid
nitrogen. After slow rewarming in air at room temperature, alginate beads were transferred to solid culture medium for shoot
tip recovery. After cooling in liquid nitrogen, shoot yield depended on preculture duration, sucrose concentration and water
content of beads. Survival rates above 60% were obtained for each cultivar tested. 相似文献
5.
Summary Alginate coated meristems from in vitro-grown axillary buds of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were successfully cryopreserved by vitrification. Excised meristems were precultured on sucrose-enriched MS medium and
then encapsulated. To induce dehydration tolerance (osmotolerance), encapsulated meristems were treated with a mixture of
2 M glycerol plus 0.6 M sucrose for 90 min. These encapsulated meristems were dehydrated with a highly concentrated vitrification
solution (PVS2 solution) for 3 hr at 0°C prior to a plunge into liquid nitrogen. Successfully vitrified meristems developed
shoots within 3 weeks after plating without intermediary callus formation. The average rate of shoot formation amounted to
nearly 70%. No difference was observed in RAPD analysis using 17 primers between cryopreserved and non-treated plantlets.
The cryogenic protocol was successfully applied to 14 cultivars. It was also confirmed that the encapsulated vitrified meristems
produced much greater shoot formation than the encapsulated dried meristems. Thus, the encapsulation vitrification protocol
appears promising for cryopreservation of potato germplasm. 相似文献
6.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):138-143
AbstractPotato tuber initiation and its growth are key processes determining tuber yield, which are closely related to stolon growth, and are influenced by many factors including N nutrition. We investigated the influences of different forms of nitrogen (N) on stolon and tuber growth in sand culture with a nitrification inhibitor during 2010 – 2011, and using two potato cultivars. Plants supplied with NO3-N (N as nitrate, NO3-) produced more and thicker stolons than those supplied with NH4-N (N as ammonium, NH4+) at tuber initiation stage. In the plants fed NO3-N, the stolon tips swelled or formed tubers earlier and produced more tubers than in those fed with NH4-N. However, no significant difference was observed among N forms in terms of tuber yield at harvest, this may have been because of the shoot growth rate at tuber initiation stage was lower in the plants fed NO3-N. During the tuber bulking stage, the difference in shoot DWs among N forms began to decrease, and the shoot DW of plants fed NO3-N was even heavier than those fed NH4-N in some cases. The influence of N form on potato plant growth may therefore vary with the potato growth stage. 相似文献
7.
Summary Studies of the effect of fertilisation stress, harvest time, machine sorting, storage time, peeling and blanching of potatoes
(Solarium tuberosum L.) were carried out. Mechanical impact by sorting before storage did not have a significant effect on hardness of pre-peeled
potatoes. Potato hardness decreased significantly with the storage time for raw potatoes following an exponential function.
Treatment of potatoes in a damage drum for 5 minutes (36 drops from 35 cm) increased the subsurface hardening, production
of brick-like cells and deposition of suberin. Potato hardness throughout the whole potatoes increased with blanching time
by blanching at 85 and 95 °C. It was concluded that development of potato hardiness occur because of two mechanisms. That
is: 1) wound healing by periderm formation with deposition of suberin and: 2) activation of methyl esterase activity by blanching
and subsequent crosslinking of demethoxylated pectin by calcium ions, respectively. 相似文献
8.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is highly sensitive to soil drought and extracts less of the available water from the soil than other crops. Even a very
short period of water shortage has a negative effect on consumptive and technological properties of potato tubers. The cause
of the poorer properties of potato tubers might not only be water shortage itself but could also be the enhanced production
of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accompanying practically every kind of stress, both biotic and abiotic. However, antioxidative
enzymes seem to counteract the ROS accumulation and, thus, might protect plants against the deleterious effects of environmental
stresses. Our research shows that increased activity of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase protects plants from
oxidative stress, and, consequently, against yield losses. 相似文献
9.
Potato viruses in China 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Biao Wang Yanli Ma Zhibo Zhang Zhanmin Wu Yunfeng Wu Qiaochun Wang Mingfu Li 《Crop Protection》2011,30(9):1117-1123
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is globally the fourth largest staple crop after rice, wheat and maize. China is the largest potato producer worldwide, accounting for 26.3% and 22.2% of the global total area and yield, respectively. Viral diseases have been a limiting factor for sustainable production of potato in China. This article provides update and comprehensive information on the most important viruses, their effect on yield and their control in China. Meristem culture is currently the most widely used technique for production of virus-free potato plants and these plants are used as nuclear stock for the production of certified seed tubers. Although a significant increase in tuber yield has been achieved using certified seed potatoes, lack of application of a national seed potato production scheme has hindered progress. Conventional breeding using virus-resistant cultivars introduced from other countries as parents has already led to the production of Chinese cultivars. Use of virus-resistant wild Solanum species and genetic transformation techniques will provide new virus-resistant varieties in the future to further enhance control of potato viruses in China. 相似文献
10.
Summary Foliar sprays of calonyctin, a natural plant growth regulator extracted from the leaves ofCalonyction aculeatum (L.) House, at a concentration 0.05 activity units, increased the tuber yield of six potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars by 7–19% (mean 15%) during 1993 and 1994. Physiological differences between calonyctin-treated and untreated
potato plants were usually detected 30–40 days after spraying them with calonyctin. The chlorophyll content of treated potato
leaves increased, and the chlorophyll a:b ratio decreased. By 40 days after treatment the root oxidizability and soluble protein
contents of different parts of the plants also increased. Their subsequent decline as the plants aged was inhibited by calonyctin.
It is concluded that calonyctin delayed the senescence of potato plants and increased tuber growth at later stages of development. 相似文献
11.
R. O. Nyankanga W. W. Murigi S. I. Shibairo O. M. Olanya R. P. Larkin 《American Journal of Potato Research》2018,95(5):539-548
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important source of dietary carbohydrate and cash income generation for farmers in the tropical highlands of Kenya. The feasibility for cold storage at the farm level is limited due to the high costs of maintaining such a facility and there is limited data on the long-term post-harvest storage and quality of tubers of tropical-adapted cultivars. Application of sprout suppressants to control premature sprouting of ware potato is an attractive proposition. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of pre-harvest foliar applications of paclobutrazol (PBZ) and ethephon for sprout suppression on ware potato tubers in storage. Post-harvest spray applications of Isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl carbamate) chloropropham (CIPC) and 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene (DMN) on tubers as fog was also evaluated. Potato cultivars had varying levels of tuber dormancy. The tubers were stored at ambient temperature (23 C) and evaluated weekly for 24 weeks for percent of tubers sprouting, length of longest sprouts, tuber weight loss and assessed for dormancy for 24 weeks. Paclobutrazol prolonged tuber dormancy by 21–31 days and reduced tuber weight loss. Ethephon treatment had no effect on dormancy and tuber weight loss. Potato tubers treated with CIPC had greater sprout control than the other treatments in storage. Tuber response to DMN treatment varied among the three potato cultivars evaluated. The findings from this study imply that PBZ is effective in prolonging potato tuber dormancy for short-term basis at 23 C, while CIPC applied on tubers was effective for long term storage. Optimization of post-harvest potato storage can improve food security in the highland tropics. 相似文献
12.
A. W. McKeown R. H. Coffin R. Y. Yada S. Squire 《American Journal of Potato Research》1990,67(8):527-535
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) growers in Ontario, Canada have funded research specifically to develop management profiles for potato cultivars. Such profiles have been developed for Atlantic, Conestoga, Jemseg, Monona, Norchip, Shepody, Superior and Yukon Gold grown under Ontario conditions. The development of management profiles to facilitate the optimum production and storage of different potato cultivars and selections is recognized as a valuable tool in aiding in the technology transfer of potato research and information to growers and processors. Unique differences among cultivars such as herbicide tolerance, time and duration of bulking, fertility requirements, processing quality and other variables may have significant impact on management of a particular cultivar. Some cultivar traits can be modified via management techniques while others cannot. A clarification of such information is critical to the industry. 相似文献
13.
The potato (Solarium tuberosum L.tuberosum) breeding line B6603-12 was shown to be resistant to Potato Carlavirus S (PVS) on the basis of non detection of PVS by ELISA in plants that were: 1) either graft or mechanically inoculated with composite isolates of PVS; and 2) interplanted among PVS infected cultivars in fields for twelve growing seasons. 相似文献
14.
Symptoms of PMTV are distributed widely in potatoes in the highlands (Andes) of Peru, but have not been found in coastal plantings; they were observed in 9 out of 22 Peruvian Departments. Incidences of over 10% of affected plants in one or more crops were found in 14 different localities. Thirteen cultivars with symptoms were observed, 9 wereSolanum tuberosum subsp.andigena Juz. & Buk., 3 were hybrids ofS. tuberosum subsp.andigena xS. tuberosum subsp.tuberosum L orS. Curtilobum Juz. & Buk. and 1 wasS. juzepczukii Buk. Symptoms were also seen in 29 clones of the potato germplasm collection of the International Potato Center. Distribution and prevalence of PMTV in Peru appear to be related to those rainfall and temperature conditions that favour its fungus vectorSpongospora subterranea (Wallr.) Lagerh. 相似文献
15.
Growth of 6 potato virus S (PVS)-infected potato clones in tissue culture in temperature regimes alternating between supraoptimal (40°C–45°C) and optimal (25°C) temperatures was compared to incubation of etiolated shoots at constant moderate temperatures (37°C) to obtain virus-free plants by shoot tip culture. Both procedures were effective in obtaining PVS-free propagative material. Virus-free plants were obtained in 5 of 6 clones by the alternating temperatures procedure and in 4 of the 6 clones by the constant 37°C incubation prior to shoot tip isolation. Heat tolerance, virus inactivation, and development of pathogen-free buds from the heat-treated plants depended upon the potato cultivar and the type of culture media in which the tips grew, but these characteristics did not coincide in any clone. The variety Chieftain was the least tolerant to the high temperatures and no virus-free individuals were recovered. White Rose was the most heat resistant, but Russet Burbank resulted with the highest percentage of PVS-free plants. The virus was eliminated from the variety Kennebec only by the alternating temperature treatments. Exposing potato plantlets in the alternating temperature regimes prior to isolation and regeneration of shoot tips was slightly better than the traditional method of incubation of plants at constant moderate temperatures that the plant will withstand and offers a new option in freeing plants of more tenacious viruses. 相似文献
16.
Natalia Norero Julieta Malleville Marcelo Huarte Sergio Feingold 《Potato Research》2002,45(2-4):131-138
Potato cultivar identification is of great importance for seed production, germplasm management and breeders’ right protection.
This study identified four SSRs necessary to discriminate between 37 commercially important potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) cultivars from INTA and other origins, frequently used in Argentina and neighbouring countries. Their PIC values ranged
from 0.63 to 0.73 and separation was performed using high resolution agarose gel electrophoresis. The clear patterns obtained
and the low cost and simplicity of the technique makes it an ideal tool for routine and effective potato cultivar identification. 相似文献
17.
Summary The cultivated potatoSolanum tuberosum cvs Alpha and Russet Burbank and the wild speciesS. kurzianum were compared with respect to salt tolerance. Plants of the wild species were found to be more salt tolerant than those of
the cultivated species since their growth was less impaired by the salinity, although they accumulated more sodium and less
potassium ions in the shoot. Unlike the whole plant, callus derived from the wild plants was not more tolerant than that from
the cultivated species. Differences in the responses to salinity between cultivated and wild plants, and between the whole
plants and calli derived from them are discussed. Based on these differences and the similarity of the physiological responses
to salt stress betweenS. kurzianum and the wild salt-tolerant relatives of tomato, the former is suggested as a potential source of genes for increasing the
salt tolerance of potato. 相似文献
18.
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important food crop worldwide. Potato tubers can be stored to provide continuity of supply between production seasons, but it is important that they be stored under appropriate conditions as incorrect storage will result in deterioration in end user quality and may increase glycoalkaloid levels. We have investigated the effects of types of household storage on potato glycoalkaloid content (total glycoalkaloids [TGA]; α-solanine; α-chaconine) in Turkey. Tubers of potato cultivars (cvs.) Agria and Bettina were stored under four types of storage conditions (indirect sunlight for 10 h per day and dark storage for the remaining 14 h per day; storage under continuous fluorescent light; storage in constant darkness; storage in the dark in a refrigerator) for 56 days. Samples of tubers were taken at the beginning of the storage period and after 14, 28 and 56 days of storage for tuber glycoalkaloid measurement. Tubers stored in the three light environments showed an increase in glycoalkaloid levels; however, none of the cv. Agria tubers reached the critical level of 200 mg/kg tuber. On day 56 the TGA level of cv. Bettina tubers stored under fluorescent light reached 234.31 mg/kg. 相似文献
19.
Summary Reducing sugar and sucrose contents of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) from six cultivars were monitored both during the growing season and after a four months storage period at 10°C. Significant
correlations were found between tuber sugar contents (sucrose, reducing and total) measured at harvest and the reducing sugar
content after storage. Similarly, in five of the six cultivars, the sucrose loss and the corresponding reducing sugar gain
during storage were significantly correlated. 相似文献
20.
C. R. Brown S. Kwiatkowski M. W. Martin P. E. Thomas 《American Journal of Potato Research》1988,65(11):633-638
In vitro shoot tips from PVS-infected potato breeding clones and cultivars were exposed to a constant temperature of 34 C and 8,100 lux light. Meristems were excised from heat-treated shoot tips after 3 to 7 weeks of heat therapy. Serological tests were performed on shoot tips derived from meristems excised from heat-treated shoot tips. Additional serological tests, combined with bioassays, applied to six-week-old pot-grown cuttings derived from these shoot tips, did not detect PVS in 19 out of 21 clones given heat therapy. A 90% rate of eradication was achieved. 相似文献