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1.
为筛选防治金银花尺蠖Heterolocha jinyinhuaphaga Chu幼虫的高效、低残留杀虫剂，采用浸虫法和浸叶法分别测定了13种杀虫剂对金银花尺蠖幼虫的触杀毒力和胃毒毒力，筛选出高活性药剂，并对筛选的药剂进行田间防效试验及检测其在金银花中的农药残留量。毒力测定结果表明，甲维盐对金银花尺蠖2龄和4龄幼虫的毒力最高，触杀毒力LCct50分别为0.291、0.391 mg/L，胃毒毒力LCst50分别为0.081、0.275 mg/L；多杀菌素、氟铃脲、氯虫苯甲酰胺药剂对金银花尺蠖幼虫也表现出较高的致毒作用。田间药效试验表明，有效成分用量2.25 g （a.i.）/hm2的甲维盐、有效成分用量11.25 g （a.i.）/hm2的多杀菌素对金银花尺蠖幼虫均有极好的防治效果，药后7 d防治效果分别为96.39%和93.13%，表明甲维盐和多杀菌素是防治金银花尺蠖幼虫的特效药剂。残留检测分析结果表明，有效成分用量6、12 g （a.i.）/hm2的甲维盐喷雾处理3 d后，金银花中农药残留量分别为0.0219、0.0725 mg/kg，7 d后分别为0.0070、0.0168 mg/kg。  相似文献   

2.
The toxicity of six pesticides (four insecticides and two fungicides) to Orius majusculus (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) adults and nymphs was determined using different exposure methods. Mortality upon topical exposure to abamectin, endosulfan and spinosad at recommended field doses ranged from 56% to 100% after 24 h. However, in leaf residue tests, toxicity to both life stages decreased significantly, ranging from 0% to 33% mortality. Benomyl and copper salts + mancozeb (fungicides) were much less toxic to O. majusculus, with less than 15% mortality of either adults or nymphs in topical and residue bioassays. In persistent toxicity tests, insects were exposed to the same three insecticides for 4 days; mortality varied from 38% to 100%. Egg hatching was not significantly affected when abamectin, endosulfan and spinosad were topically applied. Number of eggs laid per female in choice and no-choice tests did not differ significantly from the control. The insecticides did not show considerable repellent effect in the choice tests. Topical, residue and systemic uptake methods were also compared to determine the differences in the toxicity levels of imidacloprid, a systemic insecticide. However, 100% mortality occurred with all methods.  相似文献   

3.
为明确黄带犀猎蝽Sycanus croceovittatus对斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura的控害潜能,在实验室条件下对黄带犀猎蝽3~5龄若虫和雌雄成虫对斜纹夜蛾3、4龄幼虫的捕食功能反应、搜寻效应和自身密度干扰反应进行研究。结果表明,黄带犀猎蝽对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的捕食功能反应均符合Hol-ling II型和Holling III型2种模型;在拟合Holling II模型中,黄带犀猎蝽3~5龄若虫和雌雄成虫对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫的日均最大捕食量分别为2.78、4.17、4.35、12.50和8.33头,控害效能分别为5.53、6.54、8.78、14.75和10.42;对斜纹夜蛾4龄幼虫的日均最大捕食量分别为2.56、2.86、3.85、3.57和4.35头,控害效能分别为2.23、3.94、4.54、11.32和5.70,其中雌成虫的控害效能最大。在拟合Hol-ling III模型中,对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫的日均最大捕食量分别为2.75、4.10、4.32、10.76和7.41头,最佳寻找密度分别为1.19、2.03、1.73、5.28和3.88头/盒;对斜纹夜蛾4龄幼虫的日均最大捕食量分别为2.38、2.78、3.55、3.58和4.00头,最佳寻找密度分别为1.83、1.50、2.06、0.95和2.10头/盒。搜寻效应与害虫密度呈负相关;种内干扰效应与天敌密度呈正相关。表明黄带犀猎蝽成虫对斜纹夜蛾3、4龄幼虫的捕食能力优于黄带犀猎蝽若虫。  相似文献   

4.
室内条件下,研究了不同浓度毒死蜱微球和毒死蜱乳油在水中的消解动态及其对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus 3龄幼虫的持续毒杀作用。结果表明:毒死蜱微球在水中的消解速率比乳油慢,半 衰期比乳油的长,高浓度微球和乳油的消解半衰期均长于低浓度下的消解半衰期。有效成分为1.2、 12和24 mg/L的毒死蜱微球和毒死蜱乳油在水中的消解半衰期分别为(19.4±2.1) d、(27.8±1.6) d、(31.0±1.7) d和(12.8±1.0) d、(16.1±0.9) d、(19.7±1.1) d;毒死蜱微球对白纹伊蚊3龄幼虫的毒杀作用强于乳油且持效期长,1.2 mg/L的毒死蜱微球水解85 d后处理白纹伊蚊3龄幼虫的死亡率高达76.6%,高于相同浓度、相同条件乳油的处理(53.3%),具有良好的持效性。  相似文献   

5.
为明确田间使用多杀霉素亚致死浓度对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera幼虫的影响,用含多杀霉素亚致死浓度LC25的人工饲料持续饲喂棉铃虫3龄幼虫,并对饲喂后其体重、取食量、累计蛹化率、蛹发育历期和蛹重等生长发育及脂肪体内甘油三脂（triglyceride,TG）含量和相关基因SREBP、FAS和HSL表达情况进行测定。结果表明,多杀霉素对棉铃虫的亚致死浓度LC25为0.21 mg/kg;多杀霉素亚致死浓度处理4~6 d后,棉铃虫3龄幼虫体重分别为0.065、0.263和0.329 g,较对照显著降低;处理6 d后,其取食量为0.082 g,较对照显著降低;处理4~7 d后,其累计化蛹率分别为60.90%、63.20%、65.50%和65.50%,较对照显著降低。多杀霉素亚致死浓度处理后,棉铃虫蛹发育历期由对照9.89 d显著延长至10.74 d,单头蛹重为0.274 g,显著低于对照的0.324 g;其脂肪体TG含量较对照显著降低。多杀霉素亚致死浓度处理24~72 h后,参与脂肪酸合成信号通路中重要基因SREBP和FAS的相对表达量较对照均显著下调,而参与脂肪代谢的重要基因HSL则较对照显著上调。  相似文献   

6.

BACKGROUND

Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is difficult to control by means of foliar insecticides, partly because of the endophytic feeding behavior of its larvae. The biopesticide spinosad is applied as a foliar spray for control of T. absoluta and has systemic properties when applied as a soil drench to the growing medium of tomato plants. The aims of this study were to determine the: (i) instar-dependent tolerance of larvae to spinosad; (ii) efficacy of spinosad drench application for the control of larvae; (iii) residual period of systemic activity of spinosad in leaves and fruit after drenching; and (iv) effect of spinosad drenching on tomato plant growth parameters.

RESULTS

The estimated LC50 value (Lethal Concentration at which 50% of the larvae died) differed between instars. The LC50 for second-instar larvae (0.41 ppm) to spinosad was significantly lower than that for third- (0.64 ppm) and fourth-instar (0.63 ppm) larvae. The LC80 value (Concentration at which 80% of the larvae died) for fourth-instar larvae (2.48 ppm) was 2.6- and 1.7-fold higher than that for the second- and third-instar larvae, respectively. The spinosad concentration recorded in leaves at 25 days after treatment (DAT; 0.26 μg g−1) was significantly lower than that in leaves sampled at 3, 10 and 15 DAT. High larval mortalities were, however, recorded for the duration of the experiment, which lasted 25 days (equivalent to one T. absoluta generation).

CONCLUSION

Systemic spinosad effectively controlled T. absoluta larvae over a prolonged period. However, drenching this insecticide violates the recommendation of the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee to avoid treating consecutive insect generations with the same mode of action and can therefore result in the evolution of insecticide resistance. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

7.
The toxicity of the naturally derived insecticide spinosad was tested against the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. Bioassays using red oak leaf disks, treated with spinosad in a Potter spray tower, yielded an LC50 value of 0.0015 µg AI cm−2 (3‐day exposure; 13‐day evaluation; 2nd instar larvae). Applied to foliage to run‐off in the laboratory (potted red oak seedlings) and the field (4 m‐tall birch trees), spinosad effectively controlled 2nd instar larvae at concentrations ranging from 3 to 50 mg litre−1. Toxicity in the laboratory, and efficacy and persistence in the field, were comparable to those achieved with the insecticide permethrin. Laboratory studies supported field observations that control was achieved in part by knockdown due to paralysis. In addition, laboratory results demonstrated that crawling contact activity may play an important role in field efficacy; 50% of treated larvae were paralyzed 16 h after a 2‐min crawling exposure to glass coated with a 4 mg litre−1 spinosad solution. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

8.

Toxicities of indoxacarb on eggs and 5-day-old larvae of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., on cabbage and those of field-aged leaf residues on 5-day-old larvae were determined in the laboratory. The persistence and efficacies of indoxacarb and two other newer insecticides (spinosad and emamectin benzoate) to P. xylostella were tested under field conditions. Results from laboratory bioassays indicate that indoxacarb was highly toxic to P. xylostella larvae through food ingestion, with LC50 and LC90 values of 24.1 and 90.1 mg AI l - 1, respectively. However, indoxacarb had no significant effects on eggs and larvae through direct contact compared with water control. The toxicity of field-aged leaf residues of indoxacarb (0-, 3-, 5-, 7-, 10-, 14-, 17- and 21-day-old residues) declined slowly and gradually under the field conditions in South Texas. Almost all larvae died on day 5 after feeding on the leaves with 0 - 14-day residue, and the mortalities were as high as 94 and 78% for the 14- and 17-day-old leaf residues. With one application, indoxacarb suppressed P. xylostella larvae below the economic threshold for 14 - 21 days. Two field trials showed that indoxacarb at 0.05 - 0.07 kg AI ha - 1 was effective against P. xylostella, providing marketable cabbage with three applications per season. In addition, indoxacarb was as effective as spinosad, and significantly more effective than emamectin benzoate.  相似文献   

9.
BACKGROUND: Spinosad is a biopesticide widely used for control of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). It is reported to be non‐toxic to several predatory mite species used for the biological control of thrips. Predatory mites Typhlodromips montdorensis (Schicha), Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) and Hypoaspis miles (Berlese) have been used for control of F. occidentalis. This study investigated the impact of direct and residual toxicity of spinosad on F. occidentalis and predatory mites. The repellency of spinosad residues to these predatory mites was also investigated. RESULTS: Direct contact to spinosad effectively reduced the number of F. occidentalis adults and larvae, causing > 96% mortality. Spinosad residues aged 2–96 h were also toxic to F. occidentalis. Direct exposure to spinosad resulted in > 90% mortality of all three mite species. Thresholds for the residual toxicity (contact) of spinosad (LT25) were estimated as 4.2, 3.2 and 5.8 days for T. montdorensis, N. cucumeris and H. miles respectively. When mites were simultaneously exposed to spinosad residues and fed spinosad‐intoxicated thrips larvae, toxicity increased. Residual thresholds were re‐estimated as 5.4, 3.9 and 6.1 days for T. montdorensis, N. cucumeris and H. miles respectively. Residues aged 2–48 h repelled T. montdorensis and H. miles, and residues aged 2–24 h repelled N. cucumeris. CONCLUSION: Predatory mites can be safely released 6 days after spinosad is applied for the management of F. occidentalis. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

10.
夏玉米苗期二点委夜蛾防治指标   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1  
为有效防治夏玉米苗期二点委夜蛾的为害,通过人工接虫方法研究了其幼虫虫口密度(x)与玉米缺苗率(y)的关系,采用人工去苗模拟为害方法研究了玉米缺苗率(y)与产量损失(z)的关系,并提出了夏玉米苗期二点委夜蛾的防治指标。结果显示,虫口密度为1、3头/株时,无缺苗现象,虫口密度为5、10、20和30头/株时,缺苗率分别为19.4%、22.8%、44.4%和49.6%。玉米缺苗率随着虫口密度增大而升高,二者呈显著二次线性相关:y=-0.0609x2+3.636x-4.5306,R2为9564;玉米缺苗率对单株穗重、穗长、穗粗和秃尖长等均无显著影响;玉米缺苗率(y)与产量损失(z)也呈二次线性相关:z=0.0036y2+0.3077y-0.3553,R2为0.9691。根据防治的直接收益和成本,提出夏玉米苗期二点委夜蛾幼虫的防治指标为3头/株,此时玉米缺苗率为6%~7%。  相似文献   

11.
为评价人工饲料饲养对广泛分布于我国南方的黄带犀猎蝽Sycanus bifidus的生长发育、繁殖和控害能力的影响,在室内条件下测定取食不同胶囊人工饲料的黄带犀猎蝽若虫生长发育和繁殖的相关生物学参数,并比较取食斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura胶囊人工饲料和活虫饲料的黄带犀猎蝽3~5龄若虫对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫的捕食功能反应和搜寻效应。结果表明,以斜纹夜蛾胶囊人工饲料饲喂的黄带犀猎蝽若虫可完成完整世代并继续繁殖,其成虫获得率为15.0%,若虫总发育历期为107.6 d,雌、雄成虫体重分别为113.8 mg和84.7 mg,产卵前期为31.3 d,单雌产卵量为117.3粒,卵期为24.5 d,卵孵化率为90.8%;而取食胶囊人工饲料内容物为黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor匀浆液和混合匀浆液的黄带犀猎蝽若虫不能完成完整世代。取食斜纹夜蛾胶囊人工饲料和活虫饲料的黄带犀猎蝽3~5龄若虫的捕食功能反应均符合Holling II型和Holling III型功能反应模型,使用斜纹夜蛾胶囊人工饲料饲养的黄带犀猎蝽对猎物的捕食效果和搜寻效应未受到明显影响,表明该人工饲料可用于黄带犀猎蝽的规模化扩繁。  相似文献   

12.
BACKGROUND: The immediate lethality caused by spinosad has been widely studied on Spodoptera exigua (Hübner). However, long‐term effects can also provide valuable information on insecticide toxic action. Here, the persistence of spinosad on Capsicum annuum L. foliage and the lethal and sublethal effects of greenhouse‐aged foliar residues of this insecticide on third instars of S. exigua are reported. RESULTS: Foliage was collected at 0, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 days after application, and spinosad residues were measured. Residues decreased over time according to first‐order kinetics. The average rate constant and half‐life of disappearance were 4.44 × 10?3 and 156 days and 5.80 × 10?3 and 120 days for 60 and 120 mg L?1 respectively. Larval mortality gradually decreased, corresponding to the residues, but was still appreciable (35 and 65% for 60 and 120 mg L?1 respectively) when the larvae were fed with foliage collected 50 days after treatment. Subsequently, pupal development was reduced and varied between 20 and 60% and between 21 and 41% for 60 and 120 mg L?1, respectively, in all ages of leaf residues that were bioassayed. At all time points, the consumption rate by the larvae was reduced between 62 and 84% for both concentrations that were bioassayed. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that, under the present greenhouse conditions, the degradation of spinosad was slower than that reported by other authors in the field, and, because of that, its residues could cause lethal and sublethal effects to S. exigua larvae. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

13.
为有效防控黏虫Mythimna separata,选用灭多威、苦参·印楝素、苏云金芽胞杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis、甲维盐和高效氯氟氰菊酯5种药剂对其卵进行室内触杀试验,比较这5种药剂对黏虫卵和初孵幼虫的触杀效果及对卵的毒力,测定不同药剂处理后黏虫卵初孵幼虫存活率、发育历期、化蛹率、蛹重和羽化率;并通过冷冻切片技术观察不同药剂处理后黏虫卵的外部形态和胚胎发育情况。室内触杀试验结果表明,苦参·印楝素浓度大于0.1 mg/L时,对产后不同时间黏虫卵的校正死亡率介于42.89%～97.34%之间,苏云金芽胞杆菌浓度为0.01 mg/L时对产后72 h黏虫卵的校正死亡率已达71.99%;各浓度苦参·印楝素和苏云金芽胞杆菌处理产后24、48和72 h黏虫卵后,其初孵幼虫校正死亡率介于39.02%～83.59%之间。苦参·印楝素对产后24、48 h黏虫卵的毒力最大,致死中浓度LC_(50)分别为0.018、0.109 mg/L;苏云金芽胞杆菌对产后72 h黏虫卵的毒力最大,LC_(50)为0.004 mg/L。黏虫卵经5种药剂处理后,幼虫化蛹率、蛹重和羽化率分别介于91.07%～93.64%、0.272～0.284 g和86.60%～87.78%之间,与对照差异不显著,幼虫存活率较对照显著下降43.02%～60.27%,幼虫发育历期较对照延长0.23～0.88 d,其中灭多威、苦参·印楝素、苏云金芽胞杆菌处理的幼虫发育历期较对照显著延长。苦参·印楝素、苏云金芽胞杆菌使胚胎无法形成正常胚带,同时会使已发育的虫体出现蜷缩、腹部皱缩;高效氯氟氰菊酯会延缓胚胎发育时间,使已形成的虫体畸形或使其肠道断裂;甲维盐影响虫体对营养物质的吸收,造成虫体萎缩,使其不能正常孵化。在黏虫卵防治中推荐使用苏云金芽胞杆菌和苦参·印楝素。  相似文献   

14.
螺虫乙酯对大型溞的急性和慢性毒性效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为评价新型季酮酸衍生物类杀虫剂螺虫乙酯(spirotetramat)对水生生物的生态危害,以大型溞Daphnia magna为研究对象,将其暴露于不同质量浓度的螺虫乙酯中,通过急性毒性试验、慢性毒性试验和子代染毒及恢复试验,研究螺虫乙酯对大型溞的急性和21 d慢性毒性效应。急性毒性试验结果表明,螺虫乙酯对大型溞的48 h-EC50值为46.55 mg/L。慢性毒性试验结果表明,经不同浓度螺虫乙酯暴露21 d后,4.7 mg/L浓度组在初次产溞数、母溞产溞总数和母溞产胎数上较对照都有显著减少,并显著延后了初次产溞的时间。经螺虫乙酯暴露后的F0代大型溞所产后代(F1代)对螺虫乙酯的耐药性降低,同时对F1代染毒组的初次产溞时间、初次产溞数和产胎数均有显著影响,但仅对F1代恢复组的体长有显著影响。综上所述,螺虫乙酯对大型溞具有一定的生殖毒性,并在一定程度上对大型溞的生长和繁殖能力具有抑制效应。  相似文献   

15.
A botanical natural product,AkseBio2, was evaluated under laboratory conditions for its oviposition deterrent, ovicidal and larvicidal (nymphicidal) effects against the pear psyllaCacopsylla pyri (L.) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). The product exhibited a strong oviposition deterrent effect for winterform and summerform females and caused a reduction in the total number of eggs laid in both choice and no-choice assays. Significant mortalities in freshly laid eggs (0–48 h) and various nymphal stages of the pest were recorded in toxicity assays. At a concentration of 0.1% (formulation), the highest biological activity of the product was recorded against the young (1st and 2nd) nymphal stages (up to 87.4% mortality) in comparison with the other biological stages of the pest. It was less active against the older (3rd-5th) nymphs, causing 62.1% mortality at the same concentration. In assays with non-target organisms, a significant negative effect was not observed. There were no significant changes on treated plants up to 7 days after treatment in any trial, nor was there any phytotoxicity on plant tissue as a result ofAkseBio2 treatments. The results suggest that the product can be used in psylla control instead of synthetic insecticides and may serve as an integrated pest management (IPM) component in pear orchards. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 14, 2004.  相似文献   

16.
季酮酸类新化合物HNPC-A9012的杀螨活性及田间防治效果   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
HNPC-A9012是由湖南化工研究院设计并合成出的具有杀螨活性的季酮酸类化合物。采用叶片浸渍法和玻片浸渍法测定了HNPC-A9012对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnatarinus(Boisduval)成螨的毒力,采用叶片浸渍法测定了其对若螨和卵的毒力,并进行了盆栽药效试验、作物安全性试验及田间药效试验。结果表明:玻片浸渍法测得HNPC-A9012对朱砂叶螨成螨的LC50值为4.73 mg/L,叶片浸渍法测得其对朱砂叶螨卵、若螨和成螨的LC50值分别为10.91、1.95和3.82 mg/L。温室盆栽试验表明,20%HNPC-A9012悬浮剂在有效成分60和80 mg/L下,施药21 d后对朱砂叶螨的防效分别达81.64%和92.12%。陕西省的田间药效试验表明,20%HNPCA9012悬浮剂在有效成分45和60 g/hm2下,施药21 d后对朱砂叶螨的防效分别为92.59%和95.64%;河南省的田间防效总体偏低,但仍与对照药剂240 g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂和15%哒螨灵乳油同剂量处理的防效相当。此外,本研究还表明,20%HNPC-A9012悬浮剂在80、160、320 mg/L剂量下对供试作物安全。  相似文献   

17.
The hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus (Degeer) is one of the most abundant predators of the cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae (L.)) in brussels sprouts in Belgium. In the current laboratory study, the toxicity of several insecticides applied at maximum recommended field rates was investigated on the larvae of E. balteatus. Two- to 3-day-old larvae were confined in glass petri dishes with dry residues of freshly applied insecticides. Their mortality was checked daily until adult emergence. Sub-lethal effects were investigated by assessing the reproductive performance of adult hoverflies, originating from the surviving larvae. Of the five compounds tested, only pirimicarb caused 100% larval mortality. The corrected mortality for spinosad was 60% and the adults obtained from the surviving larvae did not succeed in laying eggs. Therefore, pirimicarb and spinosad were rated “harmful” (International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants (IOBC) category 4) for the larvae of E. balteatus. In contrast, flonicamid, thiacloprid and spirotetramat yielded much lower mortality percentages. The hatching rate of hoverfly eggs treated with flonicamid was 25.6% vs 48.7% in the control. Hence, flonicamid was rated “slightly harmful” (IOBC category 2). The fertility of adults treated as larvae with thiacloprid or spirotetramat was not affected (IOBC category 1). These laboratory trials suggest that thiacloprid and spirotetramat can be used safely in integrated pest management programs to control the cabbage aphid. Pirimicarb, spinosad and flonicamid should be tested in semi-field and field situations to assess their toxicity under more realistic conditions.  相似文献   

18.
Essential oils extracted fromEucalyptus blakelyi (1,8-cineole, 77.5%),Melaleuca fulgens (1,8-cineole, 56.9%) and 1,8-cineole were shown to have fumigant toxicity against different development stages ofSitophilus oryzae. The eggs ofS. oryzae were the most tolerant, followed by pupae, larvae and adults in that order.M. fulgens oil,E. blakelyi oil and 1,8-cineole at 100 μl per liter of air gave, respectively, LT50 values of 16.2, 17.4 and 9.1 h for adults, 31.1, 19.3 and 17.5 h for larvae, 55.6, 75.2 and 39.7 h for pupae, and required >7 days for eggs. Only 1,8-cineole (200 μl −1 air) gave a significant egg kill by 7 days and the LT95 was 134.5 h. 1,8-Cineole could be a useful new fumigant. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Oct. 3, 2004.  相似文献   

19.
Thirty-five strains ofVerticillium lecanii which originated from different hosts and geographical locations were tested as potential biocontrol agents against silverleaf whitefly,Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring. All strains were tested for their pathogenicity to third-instar nymphs. Several isolates which exhibited high pathogenicity to nymphs were also tested against eggs, pupae and adults ofB. argentifolii. Eggs were found to be immune to infection, but mortality of hatching nymphs reached 95–98%. The rate of hatching nymphs’ infection depended on the age at which the eggs were inoculated and the strain’s virulence. Mortality of nymphs recorded on day 4 after inoculation varied from 0.5±0.3% to 83±2.4%; that of the control ranged from 2.5% to 10.2%. The most virulent strains, with LT50 ranging between 3.2 and 3.8 days, were isolated from aphids in Israel and probably have a similar origin. The pathogenicity ofV. lecanii strains to pupae 6 days after inoculation varied between 59± 12.1 % and 72.5± 13.1 %, as compared with natural mortality of 13.5±4%. The maximum adult mortality caused byV. lecanii strains was between 34.1±5.1% and 52.6±3.8%.  相似文献   

20.
嗜线虫致病杆菌对小菜蛾的致死和亚致死效应室内评价   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
嗜线虫致病杆菌是与昆虫病原线虫共生的细菌,对小菜蛾等多种害虫具有广谱的杀虫活性。为了深入了解该菌的杀虫活性,在室内测定了嗜线虫致病杆菌HB310 ( 简称 Xn HB310)菌株对小菜蛾幼虫的致死和亚致死效应以及持效期。结果表明, Xn HB310菌液对小菜蛾2龄和3龄幼虫72 h的LC50值分别是3.32×104 和8.56×104 CFU/mL,其活性组分主要存在于菌株细胞和经50 kDa超滤膜超滤后的上清液中。此外, Xn HB310菌液对小菜蛾幼虫还表现出明显的拒食活性,其2龄和3龄幼虫的拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为4.03×105和8.48×105 CFU/mL。将2.24×106 CFU/mL菌液喷施到甘蓝苗上,其在室内的持效期为3~4 d。用亚致死剂量(LC30和LC50)的菌液饲喂小菜蛾2龄幼虫,存活幼虫的生长发育指标、蛹重、雌虫寿命以及成虫产卵量均明显下降,推测这可能导致小菜蛾下一代种群数量减少。研究结果表明,嗜线虫致病杆菌HB310菌株具有开发成为杀虫剂的潜力。  相似文献   

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