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1.
A highly reproducible and efficient in vitro shoot regeneration system was developed in a potential medicinal plant, Albizia lebbeck using root explants. Root explants from 15 day-old-aseptic seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented
with different concentrations (0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 μM) of 6-Benzyladenine (BA), Kinetin (Kn), 2-Isopentenyl adenine
(2-iP) singly as well as in combination with α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 μM). The highest
rate of shoot multiplication (16.0 ± 1.87 for the average shoot number and 5.16 ± 0.38 cm for shoot length) was achieved on
MS medium supplemented with 7.5 μM BA and 0.5 μM NAA. The effects of medium type, medium strength, pH and subculture on shoot
induction and proliferation were also tested. An average of 21.6±2.87 shoots per explants could be obtained following this
protocol. Rooting was achieved on microshoots using half strength MS medium with 2.0 μM Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) after
four weeks of culture. The in vitro raised healthy plantlets were successfully established in earthen pots containing garden soil and grown in greenhouse with
>80% survival rate. 相似文献
2.
In vitro propagation technique of Balanites aegyptiaca, a multipurpose woody tree was studied. Nodal segments including axillary bud from mature tree were used as an explant and
their morphogenetic potential was tested on MS media with various concentrations (2.5–15.0 μM) of 6-benzyladenine (BA), Kinetin,
and Thidiazuron alone or in combination with different concentrations (0.5–2.5 μM) of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Nodal
segments showed axillary bud proliferation in almost all media tried. MS medium containing 12.5 μM BA alone was effective
for inducing multiple shoots (5.0 ± 0.22) with an average shoot length (3.7 ± 0.26 cm) in 67% of cultures. A better shoot
differentiation and elongation was achieved in a combined treatment of BA (12.5 μM) and NAA (1.0 μM). Half strength MS medium
supplemented with Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) gave the best result for rooting. The maximum frequency of root formation (68%),
number of roots (5.3 ± 0.32) and root length (4.1 ± 0.38 cm) was obtained on half strength MS medium containing 1.0 μM IBA.
The regenerated plantlets were potted and acclimatized successfully in a growth chamber and then moved to the greenhouse. 相似文献
3.
An efficient and improved shoot regeneration technique for the micropropagation of Vitex negundo, an aromatic and medicinal shrub through in vitro culture of nodal segments with axillary buds, is described. Thidiazuron
(TDZ) used at 1.0 μM was the most effective in inducing bud break and growth, and also in initiating multiple shoot proliferation
at the rate of 25 microshoots per nodal explant with axillary buds, after 4 weeks of culture. By repeated subculturing of
nodal explants, a high-frequency multiplication rate was established. Optimum shoot multiplication and elongation was achieved
when TDZ exposed explants were subcultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing a combination of 1.0 μM 6-benzyladenine
(BA) and 0.5 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Efficient rooting was achieved directly in soilrite when basal portion of
the shoots were treated with 500 μM indole-3-butyric acid for 10 min which was the most effective in inducing roots, as 97%
of the microshoots produced roots. Plantlets went through a hardening phase in a controlled plant growth chamber, prior to
ex-vitro transfer. Micropropagated plants grew well, attained maturity and flowered. No phenotypical differences for morphogenesis
were observed among the regenerants. 相似文献
4.
This report describes in vitro shoot induction and plant regeneration from nodal segments of Balanites aegyptiaca on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with 6-benzyladenine (BA), thidiazuron (TDZ) and kinetin (Kin) (0.5–20.0 μM).
MS medium supplemented with BA (12.5 μM) was the most effective in inducing bud break and growth and also in initiating multiple
shoot proliferation. However, the optimal level of TDZ supplementation to the culture medium was 5.0 μM. Shoot cultures were
established by repeatedly subculturing the original nodal explants on the same medium. Highest number of shoots (11.5 ± 0.7)
and shoot length (5.0 ± 0.2 cm) were achieved when cultures were subcultured on MS medium supplemented with 12.5 μM BA and
1.0 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The shoots regenerated from TDZ supplemented medium when subcultured to hormone free
MS basal medium considerably increased the rate of shoot multiplication and shoot length by the end of fifth subculture. Rooting
of the shoots was achieved on MS medium augmented with 1.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) plus 0.5% activated charcoal followed
by their transfer to half strength MS basal medium. The in vitro raised plantlets with well developed shoots and roots were
successfully established in earthen pots containing garden soil and were grown in greenhouse with 70% survival rate. The results
of this study provide the first successful report on in vitro direct plant regeneration of B. aegyptiaca. 相似文献
5.
A method for efficient in vitro regeneration of Leucaena leucocephala cv. K636 was developed using immature zygotic embryos as the explant. Multiple shoot induction was achieved by culturing
the explants on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.03 to 1.5 μM). The maximum
number of shoots per explants was achieved in 0.26 μM TDZ-supplemented media. TDZ concentration significantly influenced the
induction of multiple shoots as well as the shoot-length. TDZ at 0.35 μM or higher concentrations resulted in abnormal stunted
shoots. Full-strength MS media devoid of any plant growth regulator were used for shoot elongation. In vitro root induction
was achieved in half-strength MS media supplemented either with 0.54 μM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or with 14.76 μM indole-3-butyric
acid (IBA) in combination with 0.23 μM kinetin (Kn). Media supplemented with 14.76 μM IBA in combination with 0.23 μM Kn induced
twofold–threefold more roots than media supplemented with 0.54 μM NAA. However, the average root length was lower in 14.76 μM
IBA in combination with 0.23 μM Kn than in 0.54 μM NAA. Regenerated plants were maintained under normal condition after hardening.
Plants, which were rooted on media supplemented with 14.76 μM IBA in combination with 0.23 μM Kn showed higher survival rate
during hardening than those rooted on 0.54 μM NAA supplemented media. 相似文献
6.
Cassiana de Oliveira Juliana Degenhardt-Goldbach Gisela Manuela de França Bettencourt Erika Amano Luziane Franciscon Marguerite Quoirin 《林业研究》2017,28(1):29-39
Genetic transformation systems require protocols that allow regenerating transgenic plants from transformed tissues. This study aimed to establish a protocol for indirect organogenesis in leaf explants of a Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla AEC 224 clone. During callogenesis stage, several concentrations of NAA and then NAA or 2,4-D combined with TDZ were tested in JADS culture medium for 30 days, followed by subculture of the explants in the regeneration medium, containing 5.0 µM BA and 0.5 µM NAA for another 30 days. In these media, the explant oxidation rate was high (95 %). Thus, in order to reduce oxidation, different culture media were compared: WPM, MS, JADS and modified QL, followed by explant transfer onto regeneration medium. The highest percentage of regeneration and the lowest oxidation rate were achieved on WPM medium. Then, NAA and 2,4-D were tested in combination with TDZ and also TDZ and BA combined with NAA in WPM medium. The most efficient culture media in terms of shoot regeneration were WPM supplemented with 0.25 µM TDZ and 0.1 µM NAA during 30 days for callus induction and then with 5.0 µM BA and 0.5 µM NAA for another 30 days. This protocol yielded a regeneration rate of 43 %, with a low oxidation of tissues. A rooting experiment was conducted using half strength MS medium and comparing three concentrations of IBA (2.46, 4.90 and 7.35 µM). The highest rooting percentage (35 %) was obtained on medium containing 2.46 µM IBA. Once the shoots were rooted, acclimatization in a greenhouse was not challenging and plant survival reached 100 %. 相似文献
7.
An in vitro clonal propagation procedure for mature Tectona grandis (teak) trees is described. Multiple shoots were induced from nodal segments through axillary bud proliferation. A shoot multiplication
rate of 6.33 was achieved on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 10 μM 6-benzyladenine BA and 1 μM 1-naphthalene
acetic acid (NAA) during every subculture cycle of 4 weeks. In vitro raised shoots could be successfully rooted (66.66%) on
liquid MS medium supplemented with 15 μM NAA, with 1.60 roots per shoot, every 6 weeks of culture. In vitro hardening was
carried out in sand soaked with half-strength MS medium (organic free). The plantlets were acclimatized first in a mist chamber
and then in polybags in a mixture of soil, sand, and farmyard manure (1 : 1 : 1 v/v) in a shade house. 相似文献
8.
A protocol was developed for shoot proliferation and plantlet formation of Khaya senegalensis, an important medicinal and timber plantation species introduced to Australia and southern Asia from western and central
Africa. We assessed effects of the plant growth regulators, benzyladenine, kinetin, naphthalene acetic acid and gibberellic
acid, on shoot proliferation and subsequent plantlet conversion. Shoot proliferation over four passages was higher in media
containing benzyladenine than in media containing other growth regulators, and optimal proliferation from seed of three different
sources was consistently obtained in medium containing 4.4 μM benzyladenine. Shoots from this medium were converted to plantlets
at high frequencies (76–90%) after treatment with 19.6 μM indole-3-butyric acid, and almost all plantlets were successfully
acclimatized to nursery conditions. These methods provide the means for establishing in vitro and ex vitro clone banks of
juvenile K. senegalensis trees for field selection of desired genotypes and tropical plantation establishment. 相似文献
9.
The effect of Thidiazuron （TDZ）, basal media and light quality on adventitious shoot regeneration from in vitro cultured stem of Populus albaxP berolinensis were determined to establish a high efficiency shoot regeneration system from stem explants of P. alba~P berolinensis. Stems ofPopulus alba~P berolinensis were collected from cultured shoots in vitro derived from dormancy buds of 3-year-old seedlings. The stem explants were cultured on MS medium containing 0.02-mg·L-1NAA （naphthaleneacetic acid）, and 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 mg·L-1 concentrations of TDZ to determine the effect of TDZ on shoot regeneration. Three basal media, i.e. MS, woody plant medium （WPM） and B5, were used to test their influences of different media on adventitious shoot regeneration. Green, red, blue and yellow plastic films in comparison with florescent light as control were used to observe their effects on shoot regeneration. The results showed that differ- ent concentrations of TDZ had an evident influence on shoot regeneration. Lower concentration of TDZ （0.1 mg·L-1） resulted in more ad- ventitious shoot regeneration and higher concentration of TDZ （〉0.1 mg·L-1） inhibited shoot regeneration. Among different media, MS medium exhibited a high efficiency for shoot regeneration, followed by WPM medium, while B5 medium inhibited shoot regeneration. Normal light and yellow light exhibited better effects on shoot regeneration, compared with other light. 相似文献
10.
A micropropagation method for Jaal (Salvadora persica)—a tree of arid horticulture and forestry has been developed. Nodal segments of fresh shoot sprouts originated from axillary
buds obtained from a plant around 35–40 years old lopped plant were used as explants for establishment of in vitro cultures.
Surface-sterilized explants produced optimum number of shoots through activation of axillary buds on Murashige and Skoog’s
(MS) medium containing 8.88 μM BA (6-benzyladenine) + additives (25 mgl−1 each of adenine sulphate, arginine, citric acid, 50 mgl−1 ascorbic acid). The shoot multiplication was influenced by the successive transfer of the mother explants for 4–5 passages.
The maximum number (23.1 ± 0.73 shoots per explant) of shoots were regenerated on MS supplemented with 1.11 μM BA + 1.16 μM
Kn (Kinetin) + 0.54 μM NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid). About 90% shoots pulse-treated with a combination of 2460.27 μM Indole-3-butyric
acid (IBA) + 494.56 μM NOA (2-naphthoxy acetic acid) were rooted ex vitro on soilrite within 15–18 days. Over 80% cloned plantlets
were hardened successfully in a green house and transferred to polybag/pots. 相似文献
11.
An efficient regeneration protocol for rapid mass propagation and uptake of heavy metals in Albizia lebbeck (L.), a fast growing, medicinally as well as economically important timber yielding tree was developed. Nodal segments derived
from a 20-year-old tree were cultured on MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium supplemented with 10 μM 6-Benzyladenine (BA) and
1 μM α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) showed optimum shoot regeneration frequency (76.6%), number of shoots (23.2 ± 0.28) per
explant and shoot length (2.86 ± 0.08 cm) after 10 weeks of culture. After standardizing a reliable protocol for micropropagation,
effects of ZnSO4 (0.06–0.48 mM), CuSO4 (0.02–0.2 mM) and CdCl2 (0.0001–0.001 mM) on shoot morphogenesis were also assessed. The regenerated shoots maintained on maintenance medium (MS + 10.0 μM
BA + 1.0 μM NAA) containing ZnSO4 (0.06 mM) showed maximum response in terms of shoot number (24.5 ± 0.83) and length (5.9 ± 0.05 cm) after 10 weeks of culture.
Proline content showed an increasing trend while chlorophyll (a and b) content exhibited decreasing trend with an increased
metal concentrations compared to MM cultures, and maximum increase in proline and decrease in chlorophyll content was recorded
in cultures grown on Cd-enriched medium. Best rooting was accomplished on half strength MS medium with 2.0 μM IBA and ZnSO4 (0.06 mM). The plantlets thus obtained were successfully hardened and transferred to greenhouse with 75% survival rate and
exhibited normal morphological characteristics compared to donor plant. 相似文献
12.
Sanjaya Bagyalakshmi Muthan Thrilok Singh Rathore Vittal Ravishankar Rai 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(3):203-209
Santalum album is known as East Indian sandalwood. It is the most economically important tree harvested for heartwood oil, and India is
among the chief exporters of sandalwood and its products. Multiple shoots were induced from nodal shoot segments derived from
a 50- to 60-year-old candidate plus tree (CPT) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.53 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 11.09 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). In vitro differentiated shoots were multiplied on MS medium with 0.53 μM NAA, 4.44 μM BA, and additives: 283.93 μM ascorbic acid, 118.10 μM citric acid, 104.04 μM cystine, 342.24 μM glutamine, and 10% (v/v) coconut milk. New shoots were harvested repeatedly for up to three subculture passages on fresh
medium at 4-week intervals. Microshoots treated with 98.4 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for 48 h produced roots on growth-regulator-free, quarter-strength MS basal salts medium with
vitamin B5 and 2% sucrose. In vitro root induction was achieved from microshoots pulsed with 1230 μM IBA for 30 min in soilrite rooting medium. The percentage of rooting in soilrite was higher than that for agar medium, and
in vitro raised plants were established in the field and showed normal growth. 相似文献
13.
Qingbin Jiang Yong Zhang Chonglu Zhong Bingshan Zeng Didier Bogusz Claudine Franche 《New Forests》2012,43(2):143-154
An in vitro plant regeneration protocol via indirect organogenesis from morphogenetic callus was established for Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. Effects of plant growth regulator NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid) and BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), sucrose and AgNO3 on callus induction, adventitious bud differentiation and shoot development were examined. Explants used were epicotyl fragments
from 45-day-old seedlings. The largest callus (4.29 mm in diameter) was obtained after 1 month on a basic culture medium consisting
of Murashige and Skoog ? macro- and full strength micro- elements, Nitsch and Nitsch vitamins, supplemented with 0.54 μM NAA,
3.30 μM BAP, and 30 g L−1 sucrose. The calli were subcultured in the same medium above for 2 months. They were then cultured for another 2 months for
adventitious bud differentiation and shoot development. The highest mean adventitious bud differentiation, number of shoots
formed per callus and number of shoots ≥2 cm long per callus (47.50%, 27.38 and 4.75, respectively) were achieved on the above
medium modified with NAA at 0.27 μM and supplemented with AgNO3 1 mg L−1. Shoots were successfully rooted without plant growth regulator and the rooted plantlets survived and grew normally. This
protocol for in vitro plant regeneration provides a tool not only for vegetative propagation but also for plant genetic transformation
and gene function studies of C. cunninghamiana. 相似文献
14.
Ekambaranellore Prakash Patan Shaik Sha Valli Khan Thoguru Jonh Vivek Sreenivasa Rao Elu Singh Meru 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(5):329-335
In vitro clonal multiplication of Pterocarpus santalinus L. was achieved using mature nodal explants of a 10-year-old elite quality tree. Combinations of serial transfer technique
and incorporation of antioxidants (250 mg/l L-ascorbic acid and 50 mg/l citric acid) into the culture medium helped to minimize medium browning and improve explant survival
during shoot sprouting. About 70% of explants were sprouted on Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium containing 4.4 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA). The explant harvest period also influenced the bud break and shoot sprouting in nodal explants. The
combination of 4.4 μM BA and 2.2 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) was found to be the most suitable growth regulator for obtaining the highest percentage of nodal segment
sprouting (74%–75%), the number of secondary shoots per primary shoot (two or three), the shoot length (5–6 cm), the number
of new nodal segments generated per active explant (four or five), and the multiplication coefficient (3.5) within 6 weeks.
Repeated subculturing of nodal explants obtained from shoot cultures enabled continuous production of healthy axillary shoots.
At the end of the sixth passage, about 90% of nodal explants produced five or six healthy green shoots, each being about 6.6 cm
long with six or seven nodes. Multiplication coefficient was also increased from the first subculture (5.4) to the sixth subculture
(8.3). The best rooting response was achieved on solidified half-strength MS medium supplemented with 4.9 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). About 70% of the micropropagated plantlets were established successfully in 20-cm pots containing
a mixture of soil and farmyard manure (4 : 1 ratio) and formed new leaflets. 相似文献
15.
16.
Softwood shoots were produced from 40 cm long stem segments placed horizontally in flat trays containing sterilized sand under natural light or shade conditions for subsequent rooting and micropropagation studies in teak (Tectona grandis L.). Higher number of shoots (6.17) per log was produced under natural light as compared to shade conditions. Forcing was also better in natural light as compared to shade in terms of shoot length, number of nodes or leaves. For rooting, 2–4 cm long softwood shoots were excised and treated with either indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or α-naphthyl acetic acid (NAA) at 0, 1000, 2000 or 3000 μmol·L–1 each or with combinations (1000 + 1000, 2000 + 2000 or 3000 + 3000 μmol·L–1) and then placed in flat trays containing autoclaved sand at 25 ± 2ºC in 16 h photoperiod at 35 µmol·m–2·s–1. After 28 days, softwood cuttings treated with IBA + NAA (3000 + 3000 μmol·L–1) had highest rooting percentage (89.3%) with 5.5 mean roots. Shoot apex and nodal explants of softwood cuttings were pretreated with 0.1% (w/v) ascorbic acid, boric acid, activated charcoal, citric acid, glutamine or polyvinylpolypyrollidone (PVP) for 24 h to remove phenolic compounds before surface disinfestation. Glutamine (Gl) and PVP were equally effective resulting in 60% establishment of shoot apices on MS medium supplemented with 10 μmol·L–1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) + 5 μmol·L–1 NAA. Using shoot apices, highest (42.80) number of multiple shoots with 54.33 mm shoot length were obtained on MS + BAP (8.8 μmol·L–1) + IBA (2 μmol·L–1) after 45 days. Shoots were successfully rooted and acclimatized to greenhouse 相似文献
17.
In vitro propagation technique ofGmelina arborea multipurpose and a fast growing tree species was studied. Nodal segment including axillary bud was used as a explant. They
were cultured on MS media containing various concentrations (0–10 mg/l) of BAP alone or in combination with 0.002 mg/l of IBA. Nodal segments showed axillary bud proliferation in almost all media tested. MS media containing 0.22 mg/l of BAP alone and 2 mg/l of BAP in combination with 0.002 mg/l of IBA were effective for inducing multiple shoots and shoot elongation. MS medium supplemented with 0.02 mg/l of NAA and 1 mg/l of IBA gave the best result for rooting. The regenerated plantlets were potted and acclimatized successfully in a growth
chamber and then moved to the green house. Adventitious shoots production from stem explants that were taken from regenerated
plantletin vitro was also discussed. Stem segments were tested for their morphogenetic potential on MS media with various combinations and
concentrations of BAP, zeatin and TDZ. Successfull result was obtained on MS media supplemented with 2 mg/l of BAP and 1 mg/l of zeatin or supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of BAP and 0.5 mg/l of TDZ. The shoots obtained on MS media containing 2 mg/l of BAP and 1 mg/l of zeatin rooted on MS media containing 0.02 mg/l of NAA and 1 mg/l of IBA, and plantlets were successfully obtained.
A part of this paper was presented at the 109th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forest Society (1998). 相似文献
18.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(2-3):103-114
Abstract Micropropagation protocols for Dendrocalamus asper using nodal shoots and seeds culture are described. Multiple shoots were induced through forced axillary branching. Ninety-five percent of the nodal shoot explants taken from juvenile primary and lateral branches, produced multiple shoots through axillary buds activation within 2 to 8 weeks on Murashige & Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1-15 mg/l benzyladenine (BA). The cultured seeds also produced multiple shoots (1-20) within 6 weeks on this medium. The multiple shoot differentiation was influenced by the concentration of BA in the medium. The in vitro generated shoots were excised and subculture on MS + 3.0 mg/l BAP for further shoot multiplication. Fifteen to 20 fold rate of shoot multiplication was achieved by regular subculturing. These shoots were multiplied for more than 3 years without loss of vigor. Ninety-five percent of the shoots were rooted, when propagules (each consisting of cluster of 3 shoots) were transferred on to MS medium with 3.0 mg/l NAA or 10 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). To date, 18,000 plants (through axillary bud initiated from nodal ex-plants) and 6,000 plants from seed culture have been hardened and acclimatized. 12,000 plants have been field transferred. 相似文献
19.
ZHOULi DAILi-min SUBao-ling 《林业研究》2003,14(3):213-216
Embryo of lilacs (Syringa L) culture in vitro and the rapid propagation were studied. The orthogonal experiments, including the selection of basal medium, embryo age and other factors such as sugar, benzyladenine (BA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and glutamine (Gln), were carried out. The results indicated that the optimal medium for embryo culture was Monnier medium supplemented with NAA (0.001 mg.L^-1), BA (0.1 mg.L^-1), sugar (50 g.L^-1), and Gin (400 mg.L^-1), with a germination rate of 91.7% at least; the optimal embryo age was 50 d; and Gln had significant effects on the germination rate of embryo.Moreover, the optimal medium for subculture was MS BA (2 mg.L^-1) NAA (0.001 mg.L^-1) Gln (0.5 mg.L^-1), with the propagation coefficient of 3.6 at least. 相似文献
20.
Experiments were conducted to study plant regeneration through direct somatic embryogenesis using mature zygotic embryo and
cotyledonary explants from seeds of Melia volkensii stored for <3 and >12 months. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with BAP, NAA and 2,4-D
(0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg l−1) alone, and BAP (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg l−1) in combination with 2,4-D or NAA (0.2 and 0.5 mg l−1). After 4 weeks in culture, up to 60% of cotyledonary explants from the seeds stored for <3 months produced direct somatic
embryos on BAP (0.5–4.0 mg l−1) in combination with 2,4-D (0.2 mg l−1). The number of somatic embryos ranged from 5 to 14 per explant in BAP (0.5 mg l−1) and 2,4-D (0.2 mg l−1) combination. Only 20% of cotyledonary explants from seeds stored for >12 months produced somatic embryos. Mature zygotic
embryos failed to produce any somatic embryos. Subcultures of somatic embryos from cotyledonary explants of seeds stored for
<3 months formed clusters of shootlets on semi solid MS and 1/2 MS media. After 6 weeks of subculture on multiplication MS
media augmented with BAP (0.5 mg l−1) and IAA (0.2 mg l−1), 70% of the shoot tips formed 4–7 shoots per explant. Up to 33% of the multiplied shoots were rooted in MS medium supplemented
with 2.0 mg l−1 IBA. Plantlets developed normally into seedlings in the greenhouse. 相似文献