共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
Y. Durmaz M. Donato M. Monteiro L. Gouveia M. L. Nunes T. Gama Pereira Ş. Gökpınar N. M. Bandarra 《Aquaculture International》2009,17(4):391-399
Diacronema vlkianum was grown in polyethylene bags at two different temperatures (18 and 26°C) in the laboratory. The biochemical composition
level decreased when the temperature increased from 18 to 26°C. The maximum cell number at 18°C was 11.9 × 106 cells ml−1, while maximum cell number at 26°C was 1.6 × 106 cells ml−1. The maximum level of α-tocopherol was 257.7 ± 21.6 μg g−1 dry weight (DW) at 18°C. The highest total carotenoids and chlorophylls were 6.5 mg g−1 DW and 4.3 mg g−1 DW, respectively, and the main pigments were determined as astaxanthin and lutein. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were found
to be the predominant group, reaching 39.5% of the total fatty acids at 18°C. This comprised 20:5(n − 3) as the main polyunsaturated
fatty acids (20.4%, at 18°C) followed by 22:6(n − 3) (4.8%, at 18°C). The results suggest that D. vlkianum can be successfully used as feed in shellfish hatcheries or aquaculture hatcheries, either as a substitute or in association
with other microalgae, when this algae is cultured at 18°C. 相似文献
2.
《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2003,215(1-4):229-243
The effects of various dietary lipids on the growth performance and muscle fatty acid and α-tocopherol concentrations of African catfish were examined. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic semipurified diets were formulated with 10% lipid coming from either cod-liver oil (CLO), sunflower oil (SFO), refined, bleached, deodorized palm olein (RBDPO), crude palm oil (CPO), crude palm kernel oil (CPKO), or combinations of 5% CLO with either 5% of palm fatty acid distillates (PFAD) or 5% of residual oil in spent bleaching clay (SBC), respectively. Catfish fed with the CLO diet showed significantly (P<0.05) lower growth and feed utilization efficiency compared to fish fed with the other six diets after 7 weeks. The growth response among catfish fed with the other diets was not significantly different. Blending CLO with either PFAD or SBC alleviated the growth reduction observed in fish fed with diets having CLO as the sole lipid source. Dietary lipid source did not affect the whole-body composition or muscle lipid level among catfish fed with the various diets. The fatty acid and α-tocopherol concentration of muscle lipids in African catfish generally reflected the fatty acid profile and α-tocopherol concentration of the dietary oil that was fed. It was concluded that products from the palm oil industry could be successfully used in the diets for African catfish, and possibly other tropical catfish species, without negatively affecting growth and feed utilization efficiency. The availability, lower cost, low polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content and high vitamin E concentration of palm oil make it the vegetable oil of choice for the formulation of fish feeds in tropical countries. 相似文献
3.
J. Gordon Bell Douglas R. Tocher Fiona M. MacDonald John R. Sargent 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(5):373-383
A marine fish oil, Marinol K (MO) and borage oil (BO) were used to formulate diets relatively rich in eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA; 20:5(n-3)] and -linolenic acid [GLA; 18:3(n-6)], respectively. The diets were fed to duplicate groups of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) of initial weight 1.4 g for a period of 12 weeks. No differences were observed in final weights either between duplicate tanks or between dietary treatments. Mortalities in the MO-fed group were significantly greater than in the BO-fed group. In the MO-fed group, 7 out of 12 fish sampled for histological analysis showed a pronounced liver histopathology whereas only 1 of 12 fish sampled in the BO-fed group showed slight pathology. EPA levels were increased 2.2-fold and its elongation product, 22:5(n-3), was increased 1.8-fold while arachidonic acid [AA; 20:4(n-6)] was decreased by 30% in MO-fed fish compared to the initial carcass composition. GLA was increased 53-fold and its elongation product dihomo--linolenic acid [DHGLA; 20:3(n-6)] was increased 16-fold while AA was reduced by 90% in BO-fed fish compared to the initial carcass composition. The amount of triacylglycerol in liver of BO-fed fish was significantly greater than levels in MO-fed fish. The fatty acid compositions of individual phospholipids from liver showed marked differences between dietary treatments. Fish fed MO had significantly higher levels of the (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), 20:5(n-3), 22:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3), and also significantly more 20:4(n-6) compared to BO-fed fish which had significantly higher 18:2(n-6), 18:3(n-6), 20:2(n-6) and 20:3(n-6). The composition of liver phosphatidylinositol was particularly unusual in BO-fed fish having DHGLA as the major C20 PUFA which was 2.2-fold greater than AA and 3.9-fold greater than EPA. This study demonstrates that the carcass composition of turbot can be altered, by means of dietary lipids, to contain increased levels of EPA and DHGLA which would be of potential benefit in human as well as in fish nutrition. However, caution should be exercised when using very highly unsaturated oils relatively rich in EPA which may generate histopathological lesions in the fish.Abbreviations AA
arachidonic acid
- ANOVA
analysis of variance
- BHT
butylated hydroxytoluene
- BO
borage oil
- DHA
docosahexaenoic acid
- DHGLA
dihomo--linolenic acid
- EPA
eicosapentaenoic acid
- GLA
-linolenic acid
- HPTLC
high performance thin-layer chromatography
- MO
Marinol K
- PC
phosphatidylcholine
- PE
phosphatidylethanolamine
- PI
phosphatidylinositol
- PS
phosphatidylserine
- PUFA
polyunsaturated fatty acid
- TLC
thin-layer chromatography 相似文献
4.
Anna Fickler Claudia Torno Stefanie Staats Gerald Rimbach Carsten Schulz 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(8):2170-2180
Phytoestrogens are putatively able to enhance the biosynthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), but have also been shown to affect fish growth dose dependently. The aim of the present study was to identify a concentration for the phytoestrogen genistein and the phytoestrogen metabolite equol that further increases the endogenous biosynthesis of EPA and DHA without impairing fish growth. Juvenile rainbow trout (87.2 ± 0.3 g) were fed seven diets on a fixed ratio for 8 weeks. A vegetable oil‐based diet served as a control diet and was supplemented with equol (EQ) and genistein (G), respectively, at 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% of feed dry matter (1, 2 and 3). Growth and nutrient composition of whole body homogenates were not affected by dietary treatments. EPA and DHA levels in liver, fillet and whole body samples were not significantly increased by EQ and G diets. Fish fed EQ diets showed dose dependently increased liver weights and C18:0 liver levels, indicating estrogen‐like effects at increased dietary dosages. In conclusion, the utilization of equol and genistein in plant oil‐based diets in order to enhance the biosynthesis of EPA and DHA seems not reasonable in rainbow trout. 相似文献
5.
P. Norouzitallab M. Farhangi M. Babapour R. Rahimi A. K. Sinha K. Baruah 《Aquaculture International》2009,17(3):207-216
This study aimed to compare the efficacy of dietary α-tocopherol with that of dl-α-tocopheryl acetate, both either alone or in combination with vitamin C (ascorbic acid), on the growth performance, survival,
and stress resistance of angelfish, Pterophylum scalare, juveniles. Juveniles were fed ad libitum for four weeks with Artemia enriched with no vitamins (control), vitamin C (Tc), α-tocopherol (Tα), dl-α-tocopheryl acetate (T
dl
), α-tocopherol and vitamin C (Tα+C), and dl-α-tocopheryl acetate and vitamin C (T
dl+C). After four weeks, an osmotic stress test was performed using seawater (25 g/L) to evaluate juvenile’s resistance to stress.
Whole-body glucose and cortisol were used as stress indicators. At the end of the feeding trial, growth performance and survival
of the juveniles fed vitamin-enriched Artemia were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than for the control fish. Best performance was recorded for the Tα+C group. Survival, however, was not significantly (P > 0.05) different between the vitamin-fed groups. Osmotic stress significantly elevated the stress indicators, whole-body
cortisol and glucose levels (P < 0.05), highest and lowest values being observed in control and Tα+C groups, respectively. Survival after osmotic stress of juveniles fed the Tα+c diet was significantly higher (by 46.2%, P < 0.001) than for controls. Results suggested that α-tocopherol has greater efficacy than dl-α-tocopheryl acetate and enriching Artemia with α-tocopherol and vitamin C together improves growth performance, survival, and stress resistance of angelfish juveniles. 相似文献
6.
Juvenile Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), were fed two levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (5.5 or 2.5% of diet (37 or 16% of lipid respectively)), -tocopheryl acetate (70 or 300 mg kg–1 diet) and the antioxidant spermine (0 or 250 mg kg–1 diet) in a 3×2 factorial design and analysed for tissue fatty acid composition and indices of oxidative stress. The effect of temperature was evaluated by first maintaining the fish at 12 °C for 70 days and then 0.6 °C for 71 days. Liver and muscle fatty acid compositions were significantly influenced by the fatty acid compositions of the feed, although extensive modification of some fatty acids took place prior to deposition in the tissues. Maintaining char at low temperature increased liver PUFA content particularly in fish fed the low PUFA diets while no major changes were seen in muscle. Tissue - tocopherol deposition was mainly influenced by dietary - tocopheryl acetate. Dietary spermine had no influence on tissue levels of spermine. Dietary manipulation had no major influence on haematology and blood chemistry. High dietary PUFA increased the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in both liver and muscle. Neither -tocopheryl acetate nor spermine influenced tissue TBARS content. Lowering the environmental temperature influenced several parameters including haematology, blood chemistry and muscle spermine content, but none were related to diet. It is concluded that Arctic char is tolerant to a wide range of dietary content of PUFA (16 to 37% of lipid) and - tocopherol (70 to 300 mg kg–1), and that spermine offers no further protection against oxidative stress. It is suggested that toxic levels of PUFA is related to the amount in dietary lipid where more than 50% of lipid may be harmful to the fish. 相似文献
7.
Temporal changes in growth, plasma thyroid hormone, cortisol, growth hormone (GH) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations, hepatic T3 content and hepatic 5-monodeiodinase activity were measured in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) subjected to a sustained fast for up to eight weeks, and during a four-week re-feeding period. The purpose of the study was to examine aspects of the endocrine control of energy partitioning processes characteristic of short-term (acute; fasting) and long-term (chronic; starvation) food-deprivation states in fish, and to explore the role of the thyroid hormones, cortisol and GH in the energy repartitioning that takes place during an acute anabolic (re-feeding) state following chronic food deprivation.Differences in growth rate between fed and fasted groups were evident after two weeks, but significant weight loss by the fasted groups was not evident until between four and six weeks into the fast. Hepatosomatic indices (HSIs) were significantly reduced in the fasted fish within seven days, and as early as two days in one study; recovery of the HSI in fasted fish was evident within three days of re-feeding. Liver protein content (expressed as % wet weight) was consistently depressed in the fasted fish in only one of the three studies. Liver total lipid content (expressed as % wet weight) was depressed in the fasted fish within two days of food deprivation. Because of the rapid and sustained decrease in the HSI of fasted fish, the hepatic total protein and lipid reserves, when considered on a body weight basis, were markedly lowered within the first few days of the fast. Plasma GH concentrations exhibited a bi-modal pattern of change, with a transient fall in levels, followed by a sustained increase in fasted fish. The indicators of interrenal activity were suggestive of a depressed pituitary-interrenal axis in fasted animals; plasma cortisol levels were elevated to levels of fed animals within one day of re-feeding. The indicators of thyroid hormone economy (plasma thyroid hormone levels, liver triiodothyronine content, hepatic 5-monodeiodinase (MD) activity, thyroid epithelial cell height) were similarly indicative of a depressed pituitary-thyroid axis in fasted animals, with recovery to levels of the fed animals within one week. Despite the compensatory changes in accumulation of reserves (as indicated by a compensatory increase in HSI), there were no apparent compensatory changes in any of the endocrine parameters evident during the re-feeding period. 相似文献
8.
Petra Persson Yasuaki Takagi Björn Thrandur Björnsson 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(4):329-339
In teleosts, a considerable part of the body calcium is found in the scales. Associated with the scales are osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and during periods of high calcium demand such as during sexual maturation or starvation, the scales can be resorbed and thereby act as an internal calcium reservoir. In mammalian bone tissue, the activity of an acid phosphatase (ACP) isoenzyme, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP), can be used as a marker for osteoclastic activity. In the present study, an evaluation of TRACP as a marker for osteoclastic activity in teleost scales has been performed. ACP and TRACP was histologically localized at resorption sites around the edge of the scales as well as at resorption holes in the scales. The optimal conditions for biochemical measurements of ACP and TRACP activity were found to be pH 5.3, 10 mM paranitrophenylphosphate, incubated for 30 min at room temperature, and 10 mM tartrate added when required. Using TRACP as a marker, estradiol-17 (E2) was found to increase the proportion of scales being resorbed, as well as the number and size of resorption sites per scale. Also, the scales of E2-treated fish showed weaker staining for calcium. Together, the obtained data indicate that estradiol-17 induces osteoclastic activity in teleost scales, resulting in increased resorption of the scales. A period of refeeding following a period of starvation did not have detectable effects on the scale osteoclastic activity and scale resorption. 相似文献
9.
Yisheng Huang Xiaobo Wen Shengkang Li Wenjia Li Dashi Zhu 《Aquaculture International》2016,24(5):1229-1245
The present study aimed at determining the growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and antioxidant status of chu’s croaker (Nibea coibor) juveniles fed with increasing levels of dietary lipid: 6 % (D6), 9 % (D9), 12 % (D12) and 15 % (D15). Each diet was assigned to triplicate groups of fish in a total of 12 floating pens (300 fish, 25 fish per pen). After a 49-day growth trial, survival rate was not affected. D12 and D15 led to significantly higher specific growth rate (SGR). Fish fed D12 showed the highest protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein and lipid retention efficiencies (PER and LRE, respectively). The hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indexes (HIS and VSI, respectively) increased, while feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed intake (FI) decreased. Body protein, ash and muscle lipid contents were not significantly affected, but significantly higher body and liver lipid were noticed in fish fed with D15. Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was found to decrease compared to the experimental diets in muscle, while high unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) was selectively accumulated in all treatments. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT, 14.13–22.53 U/L), aspartate transaminase (AST, 34.31–51.25 U/L), cholesterol (CHO, 2.02–3.03 mmol/L) and triglyceride (TG, 5.61–8.50 mmol/L) were correlated with increasing dietary lipids. Liver malate dehydrogenase (MDA, 3.32–6.67 mmol/L) and superoxide dismutase (SOD, 42.69–52.86 U/mg prot) increased with dietary lipids, while total antioxidant capacity (t-AOC, 1.08–3.50 U/mg prot) decreased. Polynomial regression analyses between SGR and dietary lipid levels showed that the optimal dietary lipid requirement of chu’s croaker is 12.9 % of dry matter. 相似文献
10.
遵循“时空”论的唯物主义观点，探索建设稻金高产田的微型水利工程、实施稻、鱼、果、菜、萍优化组合立体开发的技术。达利投资少、成本低、使收获的食物总量中增加蛋白质200％以上、提高效益300％以上，笔者从1989～1997年实施稻鱼亩产双千斤、双千元的试验、已实现了稻、鱼、果、菜、萍综合开发年jh产稻谷1156斤、产成鱼500斤、年亩产值8200元，利润达1040～3140元的高产高效纪录。同时每亩增加蓄水4侧立方米以上，不仅可实现每立方米水体可增产Ikg鱼，还起到了抗旱保鱼保粮的作用。部省有关领导专家到现场调查研究后认为：养鱼稻田建标… 相似文献
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13.
The desaturation of [1-14C]18:3n-3 to 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 is enhanced in an essential fatty acid deficient cell line (EPC-EFAD) in comparison with the parent cell line (EPC) from carp. In the present study, the effects of competing, unlabeled C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), linoleic (18:2n-6), -linolenic (18:3n-3), -linolenic (18:3n-6) and stearidonic (18:4n-3) acids, on the metabolism of [1-14C]18:3n-3 were investigated in EPC-EFAD cells in comparison with EPC cells. The incorporation of [1-14C]18:3n-3 in both cell lines was significantly reduced by competing C18 PUFA, with the rank order being 18:4n-3>18:3n-3 = 18:2n-6>18:3n-6. In the absence of competing PUFA, radioactivity from [1-14C]18:3n-3 in EPC cells was predominantly recovered in phosphatidylethanolamine followed by phosphatidylcholine. This pattern was unaffected by competing n-6PUFA, but n-3PUFA reversed this pattern as did essential fatty acid deficiency in the presence of all competing PUFA. The altered lipid class distribution was most pronounced in cells supplemented with 18:4n-3. Competing C18 PUFA significantly decreased the proportions of radioactivity recovered in 22:6n-3, pentaene and tetraene products, with the proportions of radioactivity recovered in 18:3n-3 and 20:3n-3 increased, in both cell lines. However, the inhibitory effect of competing C18 PUFA on the desaturation of [1-14C]18:3n-3 was significantly greater in EPC-EFAD cells. The magnitude of the inhibitory effects of C18 PUFA on [1-14C]18:3n-3 desaturation was dependent upon the specific fatty acid with the rank order being 18:4n-3>18:3n-3>18:2n-6, with 18:3n-6 having little inhibitory effect on the metabolism of [1-14C]18:3n-3 in EPC cells. The differential effects of the C18 PUFA on [1-14C]18:3n-3 metabolism were consistent with mass competition in combination with increased desaturation activity in EPC-EFAD cells and the known substrate fatty acid specificities of desaturase enzymes. However, the mechanism underpinning the greater efficacy with which the unlabeled C18PUFA competed with [1-14C]18:3n-3 in the desaturation pathway in EPC-EFAD cells was unclear. 相似文献
14.
《水产科技》2006,(5)
2006年,珠海市水产养殖业是历经磨难的一年,先是4月底至6月20日连续近50天的连绵大雨,给该市的渔业养殖生产造成了重大损失,7月底8月初50年一遇的台风“派比安”在该市登陆,低洼池塘塘水过基、鱼虾走失、养殖堤围崩溃、养殖水体环境剧变,养殖对虾、罗非鱼、锯缘青蟹发病远高于去年。今年年头,珠海市渔业科技入户示范工程领导小组制定了更加详细的工作方案和实施步骤,针对各主推水产养殖品种,制定了更为周到、细致的技术培训计划和病害防治措施,省、市、区、镇各级渔业(农业)行政主管部门、高等院校和研究所的教授专家及技术指导人员、养殖农户紧密的互相配合,上下联动,形成组织有力、措施到位、协调有序、处理及时、高效服务的2006年渔业科技入户良好工作局面。入户工作以解决养殖户最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题为重点,急农民所急、想群众所想,依靠省、市级专家组和技术人员的技术和高等院校、研究所实验检测设备,技术指导员通过普通镜检等简易检测手段能够当场解决的立即现场解决,不能立马解决的想办法尽可能解决,对于塘头简易实验仪器检测设备不能解决、确诊的病鱼、虾、蟹样品,通过采样向省级科研院校、研究所及时送检或者向省专家组求助,邀请省级专家到... 相似文献
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1991年高邮市遭受特大洪涝灾害,为解决灾后复产,我们在司徒乡养殖场、国营水产良种场、官垛鱼苗场进行了草、鲂、鲢、鳙鱼的秋季繁殖试验,现报告如下。 相似文献
16.
循环流水立体种养，是应用生态学原理组合的以鱼为主，鱼蚌菱藕等多元生产、闭合循环的种养系统，是一种高效优化立体开发模式，其技术要求为；一、科学建池鱼池是由蓄水池、流水池、二级池塘、三级河蚌池、四级水生植物池五个生态系统组成，用循环流水作媒介联络。蓄水池要建在地势较高位置上，以水泥和砖做材料。长短与流水池组相齐；二级池塘最好利用原有池塘，宽度与流水池组相同，长度根据条件灵活掌握，比例最好是一亩面积流水地配制8～10亩M级池塘，塘底为斜坡状，水深2米左右。三级池为河蚌吊养池，主要是为增加综合收益而设。四级… 相似文献
17.
1993年以来，我f（根据生态学原理，综合本地实际情况，在盐都县义丰镇水产村进行了鱼、果树、猪、鸭、菜、萍综合开发试验。1试验条件1．1地点试验在我镇水产村进行，占地总面积20hm2，平均水深2．5m，池塘间距纵向3．5m，横向6．2m。1．2土质为壤质潮褐上，有机质含量为0．6％-1．2％，全氮含量0．04％-0．06％，速效磷含量为5％-10％。1．3水质主要水源为河道水，其矿化度为0．15-0．3g／l，pH值为7．2—7．9．2技术措施2．1渔、果树、萍结合水中养鱼、萍，池埂种果树栽种梨树1500株、桃树200株，苹果树800株。苹果树种在纵向池埂中，南… 相似文献
18.
保健佳品——螺旋藻中Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,Ca,Se的测定及营养评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用日立１８０－３０原子吸收分光光度法测定螺旋藻中铜,锌,铁,锰,钙的含量,用ＡＦＳ－２２０型氢化物原子荧光分光光度计测定了螺旋藻中硒的含量,并用国家计量局标准大米粉（ＧＢＷ０８５０２）对分析方法进行了考核,回收率为９７．８％,至１０５．７％ＣＶ为１．５３％至２．５７％方法简便快速,结果满意,并从生命元素的角度探讨了螺旋藻的营养价值。 相似文献
19.