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美丽青背姬小蜂寄生和繁殖特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
美丽青背姬小蜂Chrysonotomyia formosa(Westwood)是美洲斑潜蝇的优势天敌，在美洲斑潜蝇的自然控制中发挥着非常重要的作用。本文对其寄生和繁殖特性进行了研究，结果表明：美丽青背姬小蜂主要将卵产于寄主幼虫的腹部，1头寄主幼虫体内可产1-5粒卵，但只有1粒卵能完成发育成为成蜂；不同温度下，雌蜂的繁殖能力不同，其中雌蜂在23℃时有最大的产卵量和最高的致死寄主个体数；提供10％的蜂蜜水可以显著提高雌蜂对寄主的寄生数、产卵量、刺死寄主数和总致死寄主数；美丽青背姬小蜂也能进行产雄孤雌生殖；营孤雌生殖的雌蜂与有性生殖的雌蜂在寿命、寄生寄主数、产卵数、刺死寄主数和总致死寄主数之间差异不显著。 相似文献
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芙新姬小蜂Neochrysocharis formosa （Westwood）是一种卵育型抑性单内寄生蜂,可以通过产卵寄生和寄主取食两种方式致死寄主,该蜂在我国分布广泛,是多种斑潜蝇类害虫的优势寄生性天敌.本文综述了国际上其分类地位、分布、寄主种类、寄主取食、繁殖、寿命、性比（尤其是孤雌产雌现象及机理）、控害效果等生物学特性,人工繁殖技术的研究和应用进展,并讨论了雌蜂寄主取食行为的营养生理及其面临寄主的产卵行为和寄生行为的“权衡”,以及成虫期的非寄主营养的补充及营养缺失对其生防效应的影响. 相似文献
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豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂对美洲斑潜蝇幼虫的产卵寄生和取食寄主行为描述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在实验室条件下,以秒表配合解剖镜的观察方法,比较了豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂Diglyphus isaea对美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae的产卵寄生和取食寄主的2种寄主处理行为。结果显示：2种处理行为的发生流程存在差异。雌蜂产卵寄生的行为流程为：搜索、刺探、梳理、产卵器插入（产卵）和休息;而雌蜂取食寄主的行为流程为：搜索、刺探、梳理、产卵器插入（不产卵）、取食寄主和休息。雌蜂用于产卵寄生的总处理时间（342.2±33.6s）显著低于用于取食寄主的总处理时间（1327.8±134.2s）;其中2种寄主处理行为中对应的产卵器插入行为时间分别为85.9±7.4s和483.2±43.5s;产卵寄生的雌蜂不取食,而取食寄主的雌蜂的平均单次取食时间为233.8±17.3s。研究结果表明,潜蝇姬小蜂的取食寄主方式属于为非同时发生-致死型。 相似文献
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在室内研究了豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂对4种寄主植物上美洲斑潜蝇2龄末-3龄初幼虫的选择性和寄生蜂子代生长发育及存活情况。结果表明,豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂雌蜂对不同寄主植物具有选择性差异,对菜豆选择性最强,对番茄选择性最低,斑潜蝇被致死率和被寄生率分别为96.1%、71.4%和73.4%、52.1%;在4种寄主植物上,寄生蜂对寄主的寄生数与致死数比值无显著差异。寄生不同寄主植物上斑潜蝇幼虫的豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂从卵发育到成虫的历期存在差异,在黄瓜上历期最长,为10.21d;寄生蜂蛹期稍短于卵期与幼虫期之和;但寄生不同寄主植物上斑潜蝇幼虫的寄生蜂卵孵化率、幼虫存活率、羽化率无显著差异。 相似文献
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潜蝇绿凹面姬小蜂的取食寄主习性观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
潜蝇绿凹面姬小蜂通过取食和寄生两种方式致死寄主。雌蜂明显选择成熟的豌豆潜叶蝇幼虫寄生,不寄生初孵幼虫,对初孵幼虫的取食量也比较少。在雌蜂一生中,杀死的寄主总数,取食致死占 59.4％。寄生致死占40.5％。取食致死数与寄主致死数密切相关,说明补充营养对该蜂产卵寄生是必需的。 相似文献
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寄主植物对美洲斑潜蝇幼虫寄生蜂的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对云南地区豇豆、丝瓜和番茄叶上的美洲斑潜蝇幼虫期寄生蜂调查 ,结果发现 ,美洲斑潜蝇幼虫的寄生蜂有丽灿姬小蜂、黄潜蝇釉姬小蜂、点腹灿姬小蜂、底比斯釉姬小蜂、异角亨姬小蜂和姬小蜂 6种。这些寄生蜂对美洲斑潜蝇的寄生率均以作物生长前期最低 ,后期最高。对豇豆叶上美洲斑潜蝇的寄生率为15.24%～35.16% ,以黄潜蝇釉姬小蜂为优势种 ;对丝瓜、番茄叶上美洲斑潜蝇的寄生率分别是 18.88%～42.36%、24.40%～50.55% ,均以丽灿姬小蜂为优势种 相似文献
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芙新姬小蜂的发育起点温度和有效积温研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在恒温条件下,以菜豆饲养的美洲斑潜蝇(Liriomyza sativae Blanchard)幼虫为寄主,对芙新姬小蜂[Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood)]的发育起点温度和有效积温进行测定.结果表明,在19、22、25、28、31℃恒温条件下,芙新姬小蜂各虫态的发育历期均随温度升高而缩短.依据有效积温法则计算出卵、幼虫、蛹和卵-成虫的发育起点温度分别为12.07、13.84、14.67、14.26℃,有效积温分别为33.01、45.17、79.00、154.19℃,并建立了各发育历期的预测式. 相似文献
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在实验室条件下，以美洲斑潜蝇幼虫为寄主，对芙新姬小蜂生物学习性进行了初步观察。结果表明，该蜂成虫喜欢群集活动，飞翔能力较弱；具有很强的趋光性和向上行为；成虫喜欢清洁身体；多在上午羽化，羽化当天或次日产卵。雌蜂大多数选择2龄末或3龄初的寄主幼虫体躯后1／3处产卵，1头寄主幼虫体内落卵1、2、3粒分别为92．25％、5．63％和2．11％。老熟幼虫在寄主体内后半部（占30．17％）或脱离寄主0～15mm的潜蝇虫道内（占69.83％）化蛹。幼虫是否在寄主体内化蛹，与其体内营养物质的量有关。 相似文献
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The developmental biology of Mallada desjardinsi (Navas) and Chrysoperla congrua (Walker) on the American bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera and the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii was studied in the laboratory at 28–32°C. Total larva! periods of M. desjardinsi and C. congrua on H. armigera eggs were 14.4 and 14.8 days respectively. However, when reared on A. gossypii larval periods of M. desjardinsi and C. congrua were 14.9 and 13.5 days respectively. When reared on H. armigera 52.9% and 25% respectively of third instars of M. desjardinsis and C. congrua sp. died before pupation. However, when reared on A. gossypii 82.6% and 46.9% respectively of third instars of M. desjardinsi and C. congrua died before pupation. Thus, H. armigera eggs and A. gossypii nymphs were both adequate but not optimal diets for chrysopid larval development. The number of prey consumed by M. desjardinsi and C. congrua increased with instar. Total larval consumption of H. armigera by M. desjardinsi and C. congrua was determined to be 135.5 and 169.8 eggs respectively. However, total larval consumption of A. gossypii by M. desjardinsi and C. congrua was found to be 189.0 and 171.8 nymphs respectively. Because of its longer larval period, and higher consumption of A. gossypii, M. desjardinsi would be better suited for use against A. gossypii than C. congrua. In contrast, C. congrua whose consumption of H. armigera was higher than that of M. desjardinsi although their larval periods were similar, would appear promising for control of H. armigera. 相似文献
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为明确胡瓜新小绥螨Neoseiulus cucumeris Oudermans对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci Gennadius的控害潜能,在（26±1）℃、相对湿度65%±5%、光周期16L：8D条件下,研究了各螨态胡瓜新小绥螨对不同发育阶段烟粉虱的捕食作用。结果表明,胡瓜新小绥螨幼螨期较短,不取食烟粉虱,其他不同螨态的胡瓜新小绥螨可捕食除4龄若虫和成虫以外的其他各虫态的烟粉虱,捕食功能反应符合HollingⅡ型;胡瓜新小绥螨雌成螨对烟粉虱卵的日捕食量最大（8.5粒/雌）,对烟粉虱3龄若虫的日捕食量最小（2.1头/雌）;雌成螨对烟粉虱卵具有较高的瞬间攻击率（0.038）和寻找效应（0.025）。研究表明,胡瓜新小绥螨对烟粉虱卵及低龄若虫的捕食能力较强,是烟粉虱发生初期的有效天敌。 相似文献
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The rates at which (E)- and (Z)-mevinphos are hydrolysed in aqueous solutions in the pH range 8.7–11.5, and in the temperature range 30–50°C, have been measured. The overall activation parameters have been calculated, and equations to allow calculation of the rates in any basic conditions are given. The complicated routes by which (E)- and (Z)-mevinphos are hydrolysed to simple molecules have been deduced. The rates for the individual steps in each route have been either measured experimentally, or have been calculated through analogue simulation of all the reactions, by matching the calculated to the observed ultraviolet spectral changes during hydrolysis. It is proposed that (Z)-2-carboxyl-1-methylvinyl dimethyl phosphate is not observed as a hydrolysis product of (Z)-mevinphos because it decomposes by an extremely fast intramolecular reaction. The reasons for the greater lability of (E)-mevinphos are also discussed. 相似文献
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Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera,Gelechiidae) in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Pheromone traps were placed in the market place in Banja Luka, and in greenhouses and open field tomato crops, on 13 September 2010 to determine the presence of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Banja Luka region. Based on examination of traps, the presence of T. absoluta was confirmed for the first time in the Republic of Srpska. Only mines of Liriomyza species were found by examining leaves under a stereomicroscope. In 2011, pheromone traps were placed in greenhouses at several locations (Banja Luka, Prijedor, Novi Grad, Kozarska Dubica, Ljubinje and Trebinje) at the beginning of June, and in open fields in Bijeljina and Trebinje at the beginning of September. Examination of the traps was carried out at intervals of 15 days. A sample of 100 leaves, taken from 20 randomly selected plants, was examined in order to evaluate the intensity of the attack. The first adults were caught in greenhouses in Ljubinje and Trebinje on 18 June 2011; in open field crops in Bijeljina on 9 September 2011 and in Banja Luka on 5 October 2011. Adults were not captured in Prijedor, Novi Grad or Kozarska Dubica, and no mined leaves were observed. The intensity of attack was evaluated on the basis of active infestation (percentage of leaves with active mines compared with all mined leaves). The strongest intensity of active infestation was recorded in the open field crops in Trebinje, where 19% of leaves with active mines were found. 相似文献
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多异瓢虫对豆无网长管蚜捕食作用研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在实验室内测定了多异瓢虫成虫,各龄幼虫对豆无网长管蚜的捕食作用,结果表明,多异瓢虫成虫及4龄幼虫对豆无网长管蚜有较强的捕食作用;多异瓢虫成虫及各龄幼虫对豆无网长管蚜密度的功能反应符合Holling-Ⅱ型;多异瓢虫成虫自身密度的功能反应能用Hassell数学模型较好地反映。 相似文献
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伪钝绥螨对二斑叶螨的捕食作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
室内条件下研究了伪钝绥螨对二斑叶螨的捕食作用。结果表明：伪钝绥螨雌成螨对二斑叶螨卵、幼螨、若螨和雌成螨的功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型方程,搜寻效率a′与处理时间Th值分别为0.5902、1.0025、0.9697、0.3146和0.0150、0.0240、0.0520、0.1681。伪钝绥螨的雌成螨喜食二斑叶螨的卵、幼螨和若螨,而对二斑叶螨雌成螨的捕食能力较弱。伪钝绥螨捕食率随着自身密度的增加而下降。捕食者密度低时,捕食率下降较快;随着捕食者密度进一步增加,捕食率下降缓慢,干扰反应方程拟合为E=0.3101P~（-0.412）。 相似文献