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1.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):209-217
AbstractThe growth and seed yields of 2 Japanese and 3 Chinese cultivars of soybeans cultivated in 2002-2005 using a drip irrigation system in the arid area of Xinjiang, China, were analyzed with respect to growth parameters and air temperature. Seed yield was very high in 2002, 2003 and 2004, but relatively low in 2005. The variation among years in seed yield clearly depended on pod number. The mean leaf area index (LAI) and crop growth rate (CGR) in 2005 was lower than those in the other 3 years. CGR showed significant positive correlations with mean LAI at the early growing stages, and with net assimilation rate (NAR) at the later growing stages. The increasing rate of pod number (IRP) was positively correlated with the mean LAI and CGR at the pod setting period, suggesting that an adequate supply of photosynthates would be required for pod setting. It was concluded that excellent growth in the years with high yields was supported by the large LAI before the pod setting periods and by high NAR and vigorous pod growth at the latter half of the growing season. 相似文献
2.
SHK-6对不同群体下大豆花荚脱落及其产量的调控 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以"冀豆12"为材料,在大田条件下通过在初花期对不同群体大豆施用SHK-6,研究了植物生长调节剂SHK-6对不同群体条件下大豆产量及其构成因素的调控作用.结果表明:SHK-6能够明显的提高各个群体下的大豆产量(8.0%),在密度水平为30株/m2的条件下施用SHK-6产量达到最高.调节剂SHK一6能够提高单株花数(13.0%)、荚数(14.8%)、粒数(10.9%)、荚重(16.4%)、粒重(12.3%),并且能够提高百粒重(2.4%)、粒茎比(15.0%).虽然SHK-6处理也增加不同密度水平下的花荚脱落数,但对脱落率没有影响.SHK-6能够降低叶面积指数(LAI)、提高下层叶片的光截获率(群体透光率)和下层叶片的叶绿素的含量.可见冠层结构的优化是导致产量提高的根本原因. 相似文献
3.
《Field Crops Research》2005,93(1):85-93
Pod and seed number are the most important yield components of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD) and dry matter accumulation during the reproductive period strongly influence yield components. Our objectives were: to investigate if differences in yield components exist among genotypes differing in both yield and maturity; and to examine the dynamics of dry matter accumulation, LAI, and LAD during the reproductive period for the high-yielding genotypes. Sixteen soybean genotypes within three maturity groups were grown in Hailun, China in a randomized complete block design with three replications, across 2 years. Maturity groups were selected to differ by approximately 7 days in mean days to R7 (5% of pods are mature pod color). Dry matter accumulation, LAI, and LAD were measured at R2, R4, R5, and R6 stages, respectively in each year. Yield, yield components and harvest index were determined at maturity. Late maturity genotypes had higher yield than early ones. Majority of the seed yield and components were positioned in the middle and upper part of the plant. Both pod number and seed number were higher in high-yield genotypes in each group. Seed number per pod contributed to increased yield in the high rainfall year but was not related to the variation in yield of the genotypes evaluated. Significant variations were found for LAI, LAD and dry matter within each maturity group. Higher accumulation of dry matter, higher LAI and LAD during reproductive stages were found to be closely related to high-yield genotypes in each group. No relationship was found between harvest index (HI) and seed yield. 相似文献
4.
大豆每荚粒数的遗传分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
应用四粒英比率高的长叶品种黑农３６与遗传背景不同的５个圆叶品系（种）配制５个组合。对亲本,Ｆ１代和Ｆ２代群体的每荚粒数进行了调查和统计分析,结果表明：长叶品种以三、四粒荚为主,平均荚粒数为２．９４。 相似文献
5.
大豆鼓粒阶段是决定大豆产量的重要阶段,鼓粒速率可以利用粒重和荚果厚度与花后天数的关系进行模拟估计。田间分别种植3个粒重差异较大的大豆材料(中黄37,秦豆10号和JTN-5503),通过花期标记,利用不同取样方式(定位和随机),连续测定大豆粒重和荚果厚度,拟合其与花后天数的动态变化。结果显示:(1)线性函数和二次多项式函数可以有效模拟大豆鲜(干)重和荚果厚度与花后天数之间的关系;(2)与籽粒鲜重表示的鼓粒速率比较,籽粒干重增速估值偏高,而基于荚果厚度的估值偏低;(3)不同材料间的荚果平均增厚速率存在差异,但不同材料的初始速率估值差异不大;(4)荚果厚度定位测定的试验误差最小。因此,荚果厚度定位连续测定法可用于大豆鼓粒速率的度量,其结果与籽粒重表示的鼓粒速率有较好的一致性。 相似文献
6.
对中黄13、SK12等7个品种（系）不同节位分枝、结荚特性分析研究,结果表明：主茎自3节开始结荚,荚粒占70％以上,随节位呈抛物线变化。分枝着生在3—8节,呈正态分布;分枝荚粒随节位上升直线下降。分枝数、主茎荚粒与单株生产力正相关。对中黄13豆荚长、宽、厚度动态变化和豆荚、籽粒质量变化分析研究,结果表明：豆荚长、宽度先期同步快速增长,达到恒定值后则趋于稳定;厚度先缓增后降,顶部开花40d左右最大。籽粒体积随着豆荚厚度增减而增减。鲜荚质量变化可用e的二次多项式指数曲线描述,豆荚、籽粒和百粒干物质积累可拟合直线和Logistic曲线,荚壳质量变化为抛物线。因此高产栽培要保花增荚增粒。 相似文献
7.
水分胁迫对不同基因型夏大豆冠层发育及耗水量的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在防雨棚条件下研究了不同阶段水分胁迫对4个夏大豆品种五星3号、冀豆15、冀豆16和冀豆17冠层发育和耗水特性影响.结果表明:大豆耗水规律为出苗后20 d内日耗水强度较低,初花期～鼓粒初期较高,最高峰出现在初花期前后,鼓粒中后期较低.最大叶面积指数(LAI)出现在盛花期,不同阶段水分胁迫使多数品种的LAI明显下降.从冠层发育角度,冀豆16苗期抗旱性较强,五星3号花期和鼓粒期抗旱性较强,冀豆15鼓粒期抗旱性较强.五星3号、冀豆15和冀豆16的LAI相近,但五星3号的耗水量较低,冀豆17 LAI和耗水量均较高.大豆主要耗水层在0～100 cm,尤其0～50 cm土层土壤水分状况对大豆的生长发育影响效应更大. 相似文献
8.
利用Charleston×东农594重组自交系构建的SSR遗传图谱,采用WinQTLCart2.5软件的CIM和MIM分析方法对2006年-2010年连续5年的大豆荚数的数据进行QTL定位,在11个连锁群上共定位了43个QTLs。检测到15个控制一粒荚数的QTLs,分别位于A1、A2、C2、D1a、D1b和N连锁群;检测了10个控制二粒荚数的QTLs,分别位于A1、B1、D1a、I、J和N连锁群上;检测了10个控制三粒荚数的QTLs,分别位于A1、B1、C2、D1a、D1b和I连锁群;检测到8个四粒荚数的QTLs,分别位于A1、D1a、E和H连锁群。在2007年和2009年检测到3个QTLs位点,Qspntws-J-2、Qspntws-N-1、Qspnfs-D1a-2均为多年稳定遗传的QTL位点;分别在A1、D1a、D1b连锁群上各检测到一个QTL位点,同时控制多个性状。 相似文献
9.
以黑农38等6个不同基因型大豆为材料,在鼓粒期对豆荚和叶片的面积在主茎上垂直分布、荚皮和叶片的叶绿素含量、光合速率等生理参数进行了研究.结果表明:高产春大豆在鼓粒期间荚面积为叶片面积的19.83%～35.44%,荚皮叶绿素含量为叶片的5.67%～8.20%,荚的真光合速率为叶片的13.32%～55.98%.黑农38的荚面积占叶面积百分比值、叶片的真光合速率均最高,分别为34.85%、26.4μmolCO_2·m~(-2)·s~(-1);豆荚的真光合速率以吉育67最高,为8.48μmolCO_2·m~(-2)·s~(-1),石豆2号最低,为2.24μmol CO_2·m~(-2)·s~(-1).荚的主要光合生理参数基因型之间的差异大.要进一步提高大豆产量,应发挥鼓粒期荚的光合潜力. 相似文献
10.
不同水分处理对滴灌大豆干物质积累及生理参数的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
研究滴灌大豆的干物质积累规律.设置295 mm、345 mm、395 mm、445 mm 4个不同的灌水处理,1个沟灌处理为对照对各处理的大豆株高、干物质积累、叶面积指数(LAI)、群体乍长牢(CGR)等参数进行分析结果表明:大豆株高随灌水量的增加而增加,LAI、CCR等随灌水量的增加而增加.滴灌大豆净同化率(NAR)在鼓粒期之后,随灌水量增加而降低;滴灌比沟灌更利于大豆干物质积累,在大豆生育期内较适宜的滴灌灌溉定额为395 mm～445 mm. 相似文献
11.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):401-407
AbstractThe experimental site (Shihezi, Xinjiang, China) is located in an arid area of central Asia with abundant solar radiation of almost 10 daily sunshine hours from April to September. The yield potential in this area appears to be high if sufficient water is supplied. The yields of five soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars including three semi-indeterminate Chinese cultivars (Shidadou 1, Xindadou 1 and Suinong 11) and two determinate Japanese cultivars (Toyomusume and Toyokomachi) were evaluated over three years. These cultivars were grown under drip irrigation, a high planting density (22.2 plants m-2) and heavy applications of farmyard manure (15 t ha-1). Each cultivar showed a high leaf area index (LAI). In particular, the maximum LAI was greater than 7 over the three years in Shidadou 1 and Toyokomachi. The three Chinese cultivars with a high plant height had a low LAI in the upper layers of the canopy, but the two Japanese cultivars with a short plant height had a higher LAI in the middle or upper layers. Toyokomachi and Shidadou 1 had the highest seed yield, followed by Toyomusume. In particular, the seed yield of Toyokomachi was as high as 8.67 t ha-1 on the average of the three years. These high-yielding cultivars had more than 60 pods per plant (1350 m-2). The high yields in this experiment could be due to the large amount of intercepted radiation owing to the high LAI and abundant solar radiation, frequent and sufficient irrigation by the drip irrigation, and large number of pods as a sink. 相似文献
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14.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):354-359
SummaryA large proportion of flowers abscise during development in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). A reduction in this abscission might increase pod and seed number, and thereby can lead to an increased yield. Previous studies showed that pod-set probability was greater at proximal positions of individual racemes, and that the probability was enhanced by the exogenously applied cytokinins. However, whether intra-raceme variation in the pod-set probability relates to endogenous cytokinin levels remains unknown. To address this question, intra-raceme variation in cytokinin content and pod-set probability was investigated. A soybean genotype 1X93-100, which has long racemes, was grown in an environmentally controlled chamber (30/20°C day/night temperature, 15 h day length, 600 μmol m–2s–1 photosynthetic photon flux density). Flowers, which were divided into three floral positions (proximal, middle, distal) on individual racemes, were sampled at intervals after anthesis. The cytokinins in the samples were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and further quantified by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The GG-MS analysis revealed that cis-zeatin riboside (c-ZR) and isopentenyl-adenosine (iPA) were predominant forms of cytokinin in soybean racemes. The total amount of these cytokinins in racemes, which was monitored by EIA, peaked one to two weeks after the first flowering on a raceme, when pod development was initiated. Within individual racemes, the total cytokinin concentrations were greater at more proximal floral positions, as was the probability of pod set. Removal of proximal flowers at anthesis enhanced both cytokinin concentrations and pod set at middle positions on the raceme. Thus, pod-set probability was significantly associated with the cytokinin concentration at different floral positions within individual soybean racemes. 相似文献
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通过对内蒙古海拉尔地区春油菜结角层的研究,分析了结角层中角果组成,分布及其性状的变化,结果表明:1、春油菜结角层较薄,PAI较小,提高产量主要是控制下位分枝的生长,改善结角层内部的光照条件,形成一个高光效的结角层结构。群体直立不倒,各枝序排列有序。2、提高结角层生产力的关键是在结角层的纵向上提高千粒重、横向上增加角粒数。3、各枝序的生产力与它们的结角起止高度密切相关。 相似文献
17.
李娘辉 《中国油料作物学报》1997,(3)
花生种仁的大小及重量对出苗速度及出苗率、幼苗的生长和发育、植株的花芽分化和成花率以及荚果产量等有很大的影响。大粒优质种仁可提高出苗速度2～5d及出苗率3％～5％，植株生长健壮，花芽分化增多，成花率高，最终获得高产。 相似文献
18.
Yasari E Patwardhan AM Ghole VS Omid GC Ahmad A 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(6):845-853
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different nutrients on canola (Brassica napus L.) growth parameters, nutrient uptake and ultimately on seed yield. For this purpose a split plot experimental design, with 10 treatments in 4 replications was carried out in 2004-2005, in silt-clay soil at Baiecola Agricultural Research Station, Mazandaran Iran. Canola seed yield, growth parameters (CGR, LAI, RGR and NAR), dry matter accumulation and HI and nutrient content of the leaf were examined. NPK fertilizers together with S and Zn, singly or in combination were applied. The results showed that at treatments T5 (NP), T8 (NPK), T9 (NPKS) and T10 (NPKZn) the higher seed yield (> 2600 kg ha(-1)) coincided with TDM > 880 g m(-2) the peak CGR > or = 13.9 g m(-2) day(-1) and the maximum LAI > or = 4.1. The higher seed yield at T5, T8, T9 and T10 coincided with higher concentrations of nutrients: N, P, K, S and Zn in leaf at flowering having > or = 3.40%, > or = 0.25%, > or = 1.53%, > or = 110 ppm and > or = 22.7 ppm, indicating substantial levels of translocation of nutrients at various stages of plant growth and higher number of pods per plant (> or = 179). Combined application of NPKZn at T10 resulted in maximum seed yield (3090 kg ha(-1)), coinciding with the maximum number of pods per plant (230), maximum TDM (1043 kg ha(-1)), maximum CGR (20.09 g m(-2) day(-1)) and maximum LAI (4.69). 相似文献
19.
夏大豆淮豆4号高产栽培的生理基础 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用混杂设计研究淮豆４号在播期、密度、施肥三因素不同水平下,产量结构,叶面积系数天及干物质积累分配情况,探索出２００ｋｇ／亩以上高产栽培的合理生理指标：叶面积指数分枝期（Ｖ８）２．０～２．１在开花盛期达到提高４．１－５．０,然后缓慢下降,并维持在３．５－４．２之间,干物质积累与分配应是源多库足,分枝２．８－３．５个,单株结英３０个左右,每英粒数从２．２为宜,百粒重２２ｇ以上,相应栽培模式是：６月上 相似文献
20.
对1923～2008年间育成的吉林省主推的57个大豆品种按中早熟、中熟和中晚熟品种进行分类,研究了不同熟期组品种各冠层农艺性状和叶片部分光合特性指标的演化趋势及其与产量的关系。结果表明,各熟期品种的产量、百粒重、株高、单株叶面积、叶柄长、始粒期的光合速率和SPAD与育成年代均成正相关,单株分枝数与育成年代成负相关;单株荚数、单株荚重、单株粒数、单株粒重、单株茎重、始粒期SPAD与产量成正相关,其中单株荚重与产量显著相关。总体上看,中早熟和中晚熟品种各性状的演化趋势及其与产量的关系较相似,它们的百粒重、株高、单株粒数、单株叶面积、叶柄长、始粒期光合速率及始粒期SPAD与育成年代及产量都成正相关;始粒期SPAD在所有性状中表现最稳定,在各熟期组中与育成年代及产量均成正相关。 相似文献