共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 500 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
清澜港的红树林在保护较好的条件下具有乔灌两层，乔木层高４～８ｍ，灌木层高０．４～１．２ｍ。上层立木地上部分生物量垂直分布随树体部位增高而减少，０～２ｍ占５０％，２～４ｍ占４０．３％，４ｍ以上占９．７％。乔木群落被破坏后，面积锐减，２７ａ减少１６１１ｈｍ２，且形成仅有单层结构的灌丛，其生物量和生产力很低，分别为９．６～１４．３ｔ／ｈｍ２和１．１～２．０ｔ／（ｈｍ２·ａ）。本项研究测定了木榄林的生物量和净生产量分别为９１．５ｔ／ｈｍ２和４．７ｔ／（ｈｍ２·ａ），预测以后第６年的生物量和年净生产量将是３５０．７ｔ／ｈｍ２和１３．５ｔ／（ｈｍ２·ａ），为红树林造林和经营提供了理论依据。 相似文献
4.
蓝桉、直干桉综合丰产技术试验示范 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
试验林采用正交设计，因素为树种、整地方式、密度、施肥，各因素取３个水平，３次重复。用生长量、生物量与投入产出进行评价。试验结果：３．５年生蓝桉、直干桉幼林最佳处理平均高９．５ｍ，平均胸径８．９ｃｍ，每ｈｍ２蓄积量７０．５１２６ｍ３，最佳处理比最差处理树高大２８．４％，胸径大３４．９％，蓄积量大１８３％。用已取得的技术成果营造的示范林，３．５年生平均高９．８ｍ，平均胸径６．５ｃｍ，累计产桉叶２．４３万ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，３年生左右，通过桉油及薪柴的收入可以回收全部造林及加工成本。 相似文献
5.
油麦吊云杉，是四川盆地西缘山地主要优质用材造林树种之一，２８年生人工林主要林分因子胸径１３．４ｃｍ、树高１２．５ｍ、蓄积２８５．７９ｍ＾３／ｈｍ＾２，其林分胸径、树高和蓄积年平均生长量分别达到０．４８ｃｍ、０．４５ｃｍ和１０．２ｍ＾３／ｍ＾２．２８年生人工林林分养木层生物量为１７４．９６ｔ／ｈｍ＾２，平均净生产量达７８８０．８ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，ｙｅａｒ。这表明该树种人工林具有较高生产 在适生地区大力 相似文献
6.
7.
１９９１￣１９９５年试验结果表明，在江西分宜花岗岩残积物发育的黄红壤上，杉木幼林施Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ及配合处理，使树高、胸径、蓄积总生长量指标分别达到５．６７￣６．５９ｍ、８．３５￣９．２８ｃｍ、６７．９２２￣９６．４１ｍ＾３／ｈｍ＾２，较对照增长５．６％￣２０．２％、７．４％￣１７．５％、２１．６％￣５６．２％。在各种施肥处理中，以５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２Ｐ２Ｏ５的效果最佳，其连年生长量效应显著持续到第５年； 相似文献
8.
通过搜集有关资料和标准地调查材料，运用数量化理论、聚类分析等数学手段，结合林业生产现状，将该区刺槐用材林划分为３个经营类型：甲类型，轮伐期２０年，培育目标为胸径大于１２ｃｍ、树高大于１０ｍ的坑木林，初植密度１９９５株／ｈｍ２，最终密度９００株／ｈｍ２；乙类型，轮伐期１５年，培育目标为胸径８—１２ｃｍ、树高８—１０ｍ的椽材、脚手架材，初植密度３９９０株／ｈｍ２，最终密度１３５０株／ｈｍ２；丙类型，萌生林，轮伐期１２年，培育目标为胸径大于８ｃｍ、树高８—１０ｍ的椽材、脚手架材，更新后密度２７００株／ｈｍ２，最终密度１３５０株／ｈｍ２。 相似文献
9.
通过６ａ试验，提出了杉木幼林与大豆立体复合经营模式，其中包括：选择抗旱、耐瘠、高产稳产、适宜杉木幼林立体经营的大豆良种（本试验从７８个品种中筛选出６个优良品种），适时播种（春大豆４月１日～１５日，夏大豆５月１５～２５日），合理的株行距（２０～５０ｃｍ）和每个播种穴合理留苗数（２～４株／穴），用钙镁磷出作基肥（２２５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２），因地制宜施少量氮肥（尿素３７．５～７５．０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２），适宜立体复合经营的杉木幼林应为造林后１～２ａ，林地应为阳坡，豆株与幼树的距离３３ｃｍ以上。杉木—大豆立体经营，不仅能增加粮食和直接经济收入，而且提高了光能利用率，改善林地小气候，减少林地水土流失，改良了土壤，使杉木幼林年生长量比一级提高２０％左右。 相似文献
10.
采用多年多点进行菇木多树种育苗造林试验，３年来共育苗１１ｈｍ２，营造试验林２０．８ｈｍ２，示范林６８．５ｈｍ２，树种１９个。试验结果表明，选用水稻田育苗，通过间苗补植等措施，使合格苗达８０％以上；选择山坡谷地的土层深厚、肥沃湿润地段造林，其成活率达８５．８％～９８．３％２年生桤木幼树，平均树高３．９３ｍ，平均地径４．１ｃｍ。初步看出桤木、杜英、马褂木是良好的速生菇木树种。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
16.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
19.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
20.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献