共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Cornus mas L. is a naturally growing dogwood species in Anatolia. In present study, physical, chemical and antioxidant properties of cornelian cherry fruits were studied. The fruit weight was in the range of 0.39–1.03 g, fruit length 14.24–22.20 mm, fruit width 9.59–13.21 mm, flesh/seed ratio 1.34 to 6.72. Hunter L values of the samples ranged between 10.82 and 19.69, and a value was between +6.25 and +15.59, and b value was between +3.46 and +6.64. In addition to the levels of dry matter, soluble solids, pH, total acidity, total sugar content, reduced sugar content, unreduced sugar content, ascorbic acid, total anthocyanin and total phenolics were within the range of 15.88–28.19%, 12.50–21.00%, 3.11–3.53, 1.10–2.53%, 76.80–154.00 g kg−1, 52.80–120.00 g kg−1, 0.00–32.30 g kg−1, 0.16–0.88 mg g−1, 1.12–2.92 mg g−1 and 2.81–5.79 mg g−1, respectively. On the other hand, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and EC50 values were between 16.21 mmol g−1 and 94.43 mmol g−1, 0.29–0.69 mg mL−1. Anthocyanin extracts of the fruits were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV–vis detection. Pelargonidin 3-glucoside was the main pigment found in cornelian cherry fruits. 相似文献
2.
Erik S. Runkle Royal D. Heins Arthur C. Cameron William H. Carlson 《Scientia Horticulturae》1999,80(3-4):247-258
Lobelia×speciosa Sweet ‘Compliment Scarlet' was grown under a range of photoperiods and low temperature treatments to determine their effects on flowering. In the first experiment, plants were held at 5°C for 0 or 15 weeks, then grown at 20°C under the following photoperiods: 10, 12, 14, 16, or 24 h of continual light or 9 h with a 4 h night interruption (NI). Non-cooled ‘Compliment Scarlet' flowered as a qualitative long-day plant (LDP) with a minimum flowering photoperiod of 14 h. Following cold, flowering was quantitative with respect to photoperiod, until ≈14.2 h, when the calculated rate of progress toward flowering reached a plateau. In cooled plants, node number below the inflorescence decreased from 27 to 16 as the photoperiod increased from 10 to 24 h. Cooled plants developed 61–149% more flowers and were ≥17% taller than non-cooled ones under the same photoperiod. To determine the cold duration required for flowering under short days (SD), plants were held at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, or 15 weeks at 5°C then grown at 20°C under SD (9 h photoperiod) or long days (9 h photoperiod with a 4 h NI). Under SD, few plants flowered after ≤6 weeks of cold. As cold treatment increased from 9 to 15 weeks, flowering percentage increased, time to flower decreased from 93 to 64 days, and node count decreased from 24 to 13. Cold treatment did not affect flowering percentage or time under NI, but plants always had more flowers and were taller than reproductive ones under 9 h day lengths. Thus, ‘Compliment Scarlet', is a qualitative LDP, but an extended cold treatment can partially substitute for the long day (LD) photoperiodic requirement. 相似文献
3.
Kambiz Baghalian Ali Haghiry Mohammad Reza Naghavi Abodollah Mohammadi 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008,116(4):437-441
In arid and semi-arid regions, where water availability is a major limitation in crop production, using alternative water resources, such as saline water is one way to utilize lands. Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) as an annual medicinal herb may be considered as an economic substitute for field crops irrigated with fresh water since it has adaptability to wide range of climate and soil. A field examination was conducted during 2004–2005 using complete randomized block design with four replications in order to evaluate the effects of saline irrigation water on morphological characters, mineral content, oil quantity (content, yield), oil composition and apigenin content of chamomile. In each plot, 0.6 g/m2 of seeds were grown in 4 rows. The irrigation water had five different salinity levels (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 dS m−1). The investigated characters through cultivation were fresh weight of flower (g), dry weight of flower (g), dry weight of aerial stems (g), dry weight of root (g), oil yield (kg/h), oil content (%), oil quality and apigenin content (%). After harvesting, the content of minerals (Na+, Cl−, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) were evaluated in aerial parts and roots of each plot. Mean comparisons for fresh flower weight in different treatments showed that fresh flower yield decreased with increasing salinity and it was higher in control compared to others. Analysis of variance showed that saline irrigation water had no significant effect on oil quantity (yield and content), oil quality (chemical composition) or apigenin content. Our results showed that chamomile is able to maintain all its medical properties, under saline condition and could be cultivated economically in such conditions. 相似文献
4.
Methods are described for the in vitro propagation of Symphytum × uplandicum Nyman from bud, root and stem explants. Highest shoot numbers were produced from root explants > 4 mm in diameter, cultured vertically with their distal cut surface on the medium. The most suitable medium for shoot production was Murashige and Skoog's (MS) with 0.3 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). These shoots developed roots on MS medium without hormones and were successfully transplanted into pots. Subculturing shoots onto MS medium containing BAP, kinetin (K), 6-λ,λ-(dimethylallylamino)-purine or gibberellic acid (GA3) at 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 or 30.0 mg l−1 failed to stimulate outgrowth of axillary buds in culture. In vitro propagation from root explants was also achieved with S. asperum Lepech., S. officinale L. and S. × uplandicum cultivars ‘Bocking 1’, ‘Bocking 2’, ‘Bocking 4’ and ‘Bocking 17’, but not with S. bohemicum, S. grandiflorum DC, S. tuberosum L. or S. × uplandicum ‘Bocking 7’ and ‘Variegatum’. 相似文献
5.
The response to IBA treatments in different planting seasons of four plum cultivars, as measured by rooting and field establishment, was investigated during 1986 and 1987. Among the four cultivars, ‘Santa Rosa’ gave the largest rooting percentage, number of primary and secondary roots per cutting, length and diameter of roots and field survival. The European cultivars ‘Greengage’ and ‘Early Transparent Gage’ showed poor rooting and field establishment. The cuttings planted during summer under mist gave better rooting and field establishment than dormant season- or autumn-planted cuttings. Similarly, IBA treatment of cuttings with 2000 mg l−1 during summer and 3000 mg l−1 during dormant and autumn seasons gave the largest rooting and survival percentages, high numbers of primary and secondary roots per cutting, and greater length and diameter of primary roots. 相似文献
6.
Stands of summer cauliflower were grown within polyethylene-covered tunnels along which a temperature gradient was imposed. Two tunnels were maintained at either normal or elevated CO2 concentrations. At the last harvest (88 days from transplanting) no interaction between CO2 and temperature on total biomass was detected. The total dry weight of plants grown at 531 μmol mol−1 CO2 was 34% greater than those grown at 328 μmol mol−1 CO2, whereas a 1 °C rise reduced dry weight by 6%. From serial harvests the radiation conversion coefficient was 2.01 g MJ−1 and 1.42 g MJ−1 at 531 μmol mol−1 CO2and 328 μmol mol−1 CO2, respectively, but was not greatly affected by differences in temperature. No effect of either CO2 or temperature on the canopy light extinction coefficient was detected. The rate of progress towards curd initiation increased to a maximum at 15.5 °C, and declined thereafter. Provided the effect of temperature was accounted for, CO2 enrichment did not affect the time of curd initiation. From serial harvests after curd initiation, the logarithm of curd weight or diameter were negative linear functions of mean temperature from initiation. Increases in curd weight and diameter at 531 compared with 328 μmol mol−1 CO2 were greater at warmer temperatures (27% at 13 °C compared with 47% at 15 °C, 57 days after initiation). Effects of CO2 on curd diameter were less than those on curd dry weight because the curd dry matter content was greater at 531 compared with 328 μmol mol−1 CO2. Thus, the effects of elevated CO2 concentrations on fresh weight based yield parameters of cauliflower were less than the increase in total dry matter production. 相似文献
7.
Transplant tray cell size (volume) and age of containerized onion (Allium cepa L. cv. ‘Texas Grano 1015Y') transplants were evaluated for effects on survival, root and shoot growth, yield, and size. Transplant ages of 5, 7, 9, and 11 weeks and cell volume of 6.5 and 20.0 cm3 were used in Florida, and 6, 8, 10 and 12 wk, and 4.0 and 7.1 cm3 were used in Texas. Total yield in Florida was unaffected by transplant age in two planting seasons, but larger size bulb yield increased with increasing transplant age from 5 to 9 wk in 6.5 cm3 cells, and for 11-wk compared to ≤9-wk transplants in 20.0 cm3 in one season. Seed stem initiation was greatest in bulbs from 11-wk transplants in 20 cm3 cells. Survival in Texas was reduced for 6-wk compared to ≥8-wk containerized transplants. At planting, root number increased linearly with transplant age. Transplant cell volume in Texas did not affect root number, plant height or leaf number, but shoot dry weight was greater for seedlings grown in 7.1 cm3 cells compared to 4.0 cm3 cells. Total, jumbo and large size transplant yields in Texas were higher for 10 and 12-week transplants in 7.1 cm3 cells and 8, 10 and 12-week in 4.0 cm3 cells than yields in younger transplants. Total yields were unaffected by transplant cell volume but seedlings in 4.0 cm3 cells had a 16% decrease of jumbo size compared to those grown in 7.1 cm3 cells. Larger cell sizes are appropriate for 10–12-week transplants. The use of 8–10-week containerized transplants grown in small cell volume may be viable for onion stand establishment. Younger transplants may produce more large bulb yields if grown in larger cells, but they also have greater risk of reduced survival. 相似文献
8.
Activities of the oxygen radical-scavenging enzymes were determined in leaves of ‘Kyomidori’ pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and ‘Senryo’ eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) seedlings under two photoperiod treatments; 12 h light/12 h dark (12/12 h) or with continuous light (24/0 h) for six days. Growing eggplant under continuous light resulted in leaf chlorosis after four days and a sharp decline in the chlorophyll content. In eggplants grown under 24/0 h photoperiod, the activities of antioxidative enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) rapidly increased from day two. This was an indication of photooxidative damage. In contrast, leaf chlorosis did not occur in pepper plants grown under continuous light, while the chlorophyll content was even higher in the 24/0 h than in the 12/12 h photoperiod. Continuous light did not enhance the activities of SOD and POD in leaves of pepper. However, the CAT activity increased faster and was significantly higher in pepper than in eggplants grown under continuous illumination. Pepper plants did not appear to suffer from photooxidative damage and thus grew normally under continuous illumination. 相似文献
9.
Demarcating specific ion (NaCl, Cl, Na) and osmotic effects in the response of two citrus rootstocks to salinity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The present work differentiates the effects of NaCl, Cl−, Na+ and concentrated macronutrients on two citrus species, sour orange (Citrus aurantium L) and Macrophylla (Citrus macrophylla Wester). Plants were grown in a base nutrient solution (0.07 MPa osmotic pressure) for 4 months before applying the treatments that consisted of isotonic solutions of 0.23 MPa osmotic pressure of Na+ (40 mM, without Cl−), Cl− (40 mM, without Na+), NaCl (40 mM) and 3.5 times the concentration of macronutrients of the base solution. Plants were grown in the different treatment for 2 months before being examined for symptoms of toxicity. The two genotypes showed major differences in the extent of Cl− and Na+ accumulation in leaves and in their ability to maintain the internal concentrations of essential nutrients in response to the different ionic compositions of the medium. Differences in mineral nutrient accumulation were observed among treatments in both rootstocks. It was concluded that growth response to the different treatments was primarily affected by an osmotic effect, although in Macrophylla, the ionic effects also seem to be present. 相似文献
10.
Induction of bulbing of tulip shoots in vitro 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Bulbing has been induced in adventitious shoots from floral stem explants of Tulipa ‘Merry Widow’. Incubation of 1-mm thick explants at 20°C on a medium containing 1 mg l−1 NAA and BAP for 14–18 weeks, followed by 4°C for 8 weeks, produced a consistent bulbing response in shoots after transfer back to 20°C. Bulbing was further enhanced by transfer to 25°C and by raising the concentration of sucrose in the medium. Microscopy indicated the presence of developing meristematic centres in shoots 12 weeks of age. Shoots over 16 weeks of age containing meristematic centres gave a variable bulbing response with applied gibberellins and cold incubation, depending on whether gibberellins were supplied continuously in the medium or via a brief soak in sterile gibberellin solutions before sub-culturing. A GA3 “soak” of 1.0 mg l−1 was optimum for bulb production. The possible mechanisms of cold and gibberellin effects are discussed. 相似文献
11.
Young parent-crop banana plants (cultivar ‘Williams’) were subjected to two soil moisture potential (SMP) regimes, namely, continuous field capacity and progressive depletion of total available soil moisture (TAM). Experiments were conducted in a fibreglass tunnel under mild or enhanced conditions of vapour pressure deficit (VPD), and also in the field during summer. Transpiration rates, stomatal resistance, photosynthetically-active radiation and leaf temperature were measured simultaneously with a steady-state porometer, according to a developed technique which minimised natural sources of error.
Under mild conditions of VPD (± 5 hPa) plants responded slowly to soil drying, and at a SMP of −82 kPa, transpiration was reduced by 27% compared to fully-irrigated plants. Under enhanced VPD (15–20 hPa), plants responded rapidly to soil drying, and at a SMP of −75 kPa transpiration was reduced by 73%.
In the field, reduction of transpiration in response to SMP at high VPD followed a similar pattern to the covered experiment. At a SMP of −46 kPa the reduction in transpiration rate was 41% in the late afternoon at high VPD, but the following morning transpiration rates of the two treatments were similar due to lower VPD and overnight re-establishment of turgor. At −525 kPa SMP, reduction of transpiration was 70% and plants could not regain turgor overnight. Stomatal conductance seemed more sensitive to water stress than transpiration, but leaf temperature only differentiated advanced levels of stress (± 2°C difference between stressed and non-stressed leaves).
These results hold important implications for irrigation scheduling of bananas. Initiation of stress occurred at a SMP of around −20 to −25 kPa which occurred at a 20% depletion of TAM, thus necessitating a summer irrigation frequency of daily or every 2 days. 相似文献
12.
Hermann Restrepo-Diaz Manuel Benlloch Ricardo Fernndez-Escobar 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008,116(4):409-413
Three-month-old mist-rooted ‘Picual’ olive cuttings were transplanted into 2-l plastics pots containing perlite as substrate and fertigated with a complete nutrient solution containing 0.05, 0.1 or 2.5 mM KCl depending on the experiment. In the first experiment, plants were sprayed with RbCl (Rb+ is a K+ analog) at a rate of 4% at 63 days after transplanting (DAT). Foliar Rb+ uptake through leaves increased with K+ concentration in the nutrient solution, indicating that foliar Rb+ uptake was lower when plants were K+ deficient than when they were adequate. On the contrary, it was observed that translocation of Rb+ from leaves to other organs of the plant was higher under K+ deficiency conditions. In the second and third experiments, when differences appeared on shoot length due to K+ nutritional status (0.05 or 2.5 mM KCl) at 63 DAT, a group of plants were subjected to water stress during 7 weeks. On the other hand, another group of plants (control plants) did not receive any water stress treatment during the experiments. After this period of 7 weeks, all plants were sprayed with RbCl at 4%. Leaf K+ concentration diminished in water-stressed plants independently of plants nutritional status. Foliar Rb+ uptake through leaves was restricted by water stress either in plants with low K+ (0.05 mM KCl) or plants with high K+ (2.5 mM KCl). Translocation of Rb+ from leaves was greater under water stress conditions in both K+ nutritional statuses. In conclusion, the results obtained could explain the irregular response in olive trees to foliar K+ sprays, particularly, when they grow in rainfed orchards. 相似文献
13.
Anthers of the LiliumבEnchantment’, excised at the uninucleate microspore stage, were cultured on MS media containing 6% sucrose with auxin and cytokinin. When anthers were cultured on the medium with 2 mg l−1 picloram and zeatin, 12–86% of them formed nodular calli. Anthers excised from greenhouse- and field-grown plants showed different responses: anthers of greenhouse-grown plants had a significantly higher capability to form callus and regenerate bulblets than those of field-grown plants. In anthers from greenhouse-grown plants, bulblet formation was dependent on the time at which anthers were excised from donor plants: anthers collected from early forced mother-plants had a higher capability of forming bulblet than others. All regenerated plantlets were diploid, which was substantiated by histological observation showing that the anther-derived calli originated from anther wall tissues. Virus tests by ELISA were made for 49 plantlets selected randomly at transplanting: 20 plantlets (41%) were virus-free, and the rest showed positive reactions for lily symptomless virus, cucumber mosaic virus and/or tulip breaking virus. 相似文献
14.
The reduction of flower bud density by gibberellin sprays, to adjust the cropping level, is a novel approach to fruit thinning of peach and nectarine. A linear reduction in the number of flowers developed per unit of shoot length was found following the spray application of increasing concentrations of GA3, in the nectarine cultivar ‘Crimson Gold’. These reductions in flower number led to reductions in yield at harvest, and increases in mean fruit weight. Flowering was slightly delayed by the GA3 treatments, but no differences in ripening were detected at harvest, this depending rather on fruit size. The yield obtained by the application of 200 mg l−1 GA3 corresponded to that obtained with a very good thinning level, as established by hand thinning. No secondary effects on vegetative growth followed either the application of GA3 or the reductions in crop load by means of hand thinning. Decreasing crop-loads have resulted in an increase in fruit size and an advance of fruit ripening, measured by greater levels of soluble solids and lower flesh firmness. A good commercial quality fruit size was obtained for crop-loads of 300 fruits per tree or less. 相似文献
15.
The effects of hand-pollination and spraying with N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU) on fruit set and fruit growth of ‘Matsumoto-Wase-Fuyu’, which is a member of the pollination-constant, non-astringent group of persimmons (PCNA) were investigated. Staminate flowers of pollinizers in the orchard were eliminated before anthesis. Hand-pollination was carried out at full bloom (FB). Without prior hand-pollination, CPPU at 5 or 10 mg 1−1 was sprayed 11 days after FB. Hand-pollination and spraying with CPPU increased fruit set before thinning of fruits by hand. The number of fruits after thinning did not differ among treatments. The yield of marketable fruits after hand-pollination was similar to that after treatment at 5 mg 1−1, but was higher than that for untreated trees. Formation of a sunken fruit apex, which was observed in about 30% of fruits from untreated trees, was suppressed by application of CPPU. CPPU also delayed coloration of fruit. There were no differences among treatments in firmness or soluble solids concentrations of marketable fruits. 相似文献
16.
Plants of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Euphorbia) were grown in a traditional high-wire cultivation system to investigate the effects of three lighting regimes on photosynthetic characteristics, leaf area and yield. The lighting regimes included overhead lighting (OH), where all the lamps were mounted above the canopy and overhead + intracanopy lighting (OH + IC) which comprised 65% of overhead lamps and 35% of lamps mounted vertically along the plant rows. All overhead lighting was provided for 20 h day−1 and intracanopy lighting was provided for either 20 h or 24 h day−1 lighting period. Intracanopy lighting improved the light distribution in the canopy. Gas exchange measurements showed that intracanopy lighting increased net photosynthesis (PN) and photosynthetic capacity (Pmax). Parameters calculated from CO2 response (A/Ci) curves showed that in vivo estimate of the maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax) were affected by light regime. Intracanopy light increased yield by 11% compared to traditional overhead light. 相似文献
17.
不同叶背补光模式对戈壁温室番茄叶片光合性能与固碳效应的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对南疆地区春季多沙尘、温室内光照不足的问题,以番茄NS3389 作为试验材料,以LED 为补光光源,研究当地时间6：00～22：00 期间内较低光强（100 μmol · m-2 · s-1）持续补光（T1）,揭帘之前与盖帘之后较高光强（200 μmol ·m-2 · s-1）补光（T2）,以及揭帘后室内光强低于150 μmol · m-2 · s-1 时自动补光（100 μmol · m-2 · s-1,T3）的叶背补光效果。结果表明：补光可有效提高番茄叶片光合性能和自身光保护能力。T1 处理的叶片净光合速率最高;补光处理通过缓解气孔限制因素,进而提升叶片光合作用。监测不同处理下功能叶片的固碳效应,结果表明,T1 和T2 处理的叶片光合产物用于果实干物质形成的部分在各叶片中占比均较高,且远离果穗的衰减幅度较小,固碳效果稳定性好。补光处理可以显著促进番茄植株生长、缩短开花时间、增加果实产量。经济效益分析显示,T1 和T2 处理具有较高的经济效益,可作为南疆设施番茄生产的有效补光模式推广应用。 相似文献
18.
光质对西瓜幼苗生长及光合特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以西瓜（Citrullus lanatus L.）品种青峰为试验材料，在人工光植物工厂育苗条件下，研究光质对西瓜幼苗的生长
及光合特性的影响，探索提高育苗质量、缩短育苗周期的高效人工光质环境。结果表明：与传统育苗光源荧光灯（CK）相
比，光质5R/4B/1Y（红光150 μmol·m-2·s-1，蓝光120μmol·m-2·s-1，黄光30μmol·m-2·s-1）处理下的西瓜幼苗矮壮、茎粗增
大，叶绿素含量、净光合速率和壮苗指数均显著高于对照，表现出较佳的育苗优势，可推荐作为西瓜人工光育苗较优的光质
配方。 相似文献
19.
为阐明芥菜开花抑制因子SVP基因的表达特性及其与FLC蛋白互作的调节机制,从‘青叶芥’中克隆了SVP基因。定量PCR分析表明：低温春化途径和长日照光周期途径中SVP在叶片和茎尖均有表达。营养生长初期表达量较低（茎尖和叶片中平均相对表达量分别为0.56和0.35）,生殖生长早期则显著增加（春化途径的茎尖和叶片分别为0.60和1.27,光周期途径的茎尖和叶片分别为0.49和1.42）。茎尖中SVP对低温春化的反应比光周期敏感;而叶片中SVP对光周期的反应比低温敏感。酵母双杂交和 β–半乳糖苷酶活性测定显示：SVP蛋白I域突变体SVPE90L以及K域突变体SVPK104C和SVPH106I均会削弱SVP/FLC2蛋白的互作,但不会导致相互作用消失。SVP蛋白K域突变体SVPR137L能完全破坏SVP/FLC2的互作,但SVPR137L仍然能与芥菜FLC1、FLC3、FLC4和FLC5相互作用,说明SVP/FLC2的蛋白互作受到SVP第137位氨基酸的特异性调控。序列比对发现：芥菜FLC4和FLC5氨基酸序列完全相同,它们与FLC3仅有1个变异位点;FLC2与FLC1、FLC3、FLC4-5之间分别有28、19、18个变异位点;FLC2与FLC1、FLC3、FLC4或FLC5均不相同的位点有11个。推测FLC2与FLC家族其他成员之间的变异位点很可能对SVPR137L/FLC2特异性调控有贡献。 相似文献
20.
The response of 3-year-old grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cultivar ‘Thompson Seedless’) to furrow and drip irrigation was quantified in terms of water status, growth, and water use efficiency (WUE). Drip irrigation was applied daily according to best estimates of vineyard evapotranspiration while furrow irrigations were applied when 50% of the plant available soilwater content had been depleted. Drip and furrow irrigated vines showed similar water status (midday leaf water potential, Ψ1) and shoot growth patterns throughout the season. Dry weight partitioning was not significantly different between treatments but root mass was somewhat larger for the furrow than drip irrigated vines. Nitrogen concentrations of the fruit and roots were significantly (P < 0.05) less for the drip irrigated vines when compared with the furrow treatment. Similar WUE (kg water kg−1 fresh fruit wt.) were obtained for both treatments indicating that furrow irrigation was as efficient as drip irrigation under the conditions of this study. The data indicate that drip irrigation may increase the potential for control of vine growth by making vines more dependent on irrigation and N fertilization than furrow irrigation. 相似文献