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为探索添加喷雾助剂对螺虫乙酯和联苯菊酯防治石斛菲盾蚧的增效作用及机理,研究了3种喷雾助剂快速渗透剂T、有机硅助剂DA101和植物油类助剂HZS对药液物理性状的影响和添加助剂前后药剂的室内毒力和田间防效。结果表明：3种助剂均可降低22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂和100 g/L联苯菊酯乳油药液的表面张力和叶面接触角,并增加了药液在金钗石斛叶片的最大持留量;添加3种喷雾助剂均提升了螺虫乙酯和联苯菊酯对石斛菲盾蚧若虫的室内毒力,其中快速渗透剂T对螺虫乙酯、植物油类助剂HZS对联苯菊酯的增效作用最强,增效比分别达34.4%和24.3%;田间防效表明添加快速渗透剂T对螺虫乙酯、添加植物油类助剂HZS对联苯菊酯防治石斛菲盾蚧均有较好的增效作用,快速渗透剂T对螺虫乙酯的防效提高了8.2%~22.8%,植物油类助剂HZS对联苯菊酯的防效提高了10.6%~27.5%。综上,添加喷雾助剂对药剂防治石斛菲盾蚧具有明显的增效作用,生产实践中适宜推广应用。 相似文献
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草地贪夜蛾是2019年1月新入侵我国云南的重大农业害虫,4月首次在海口玉米田中剥查发现该虫。草地贪夜蛾严重威胁到海南本地的鲜玉米生产,筛选出具有较高毒力水平的化学药剂防治该虫迫在眉睫。本文采用浸叶法测定了15种杀虫剂对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的毒力。实验结果表明,采用较低浓度的甲维盐（5 mg/L,24 h）和多杀菌素（5 mg/L,24 h）,以及较高浓度氯虫苯甲酰胺（50 mg/L,72 h）和辛硫磷（100 mg/L,72 h）时,对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的致死率达100%,这4种杀虫剂在24 h的LC50分别为0.28、0.31、9.77和11.7 mg/L;其他种类杀虫剂如灭多威、吡丙醚、氟虫腈、啶虫脒、阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯和虱螨脲,在100 mg/L浓度水平下,72 h对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的校正死亡率分别为100%、96.67%、88.33%、86.11%、81.67%、80.83%和80.09%。表明了可选用甲维盐、多杀菌素、氯虫苯甲酰胺和辛硫磷作为主要成分的杀虫剂,并组合其他种类杀虫剂,作为当前防治草地贪夜蛾幼虫主要防治药剂。 相似文献
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本研究测定了防治草地贪夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda）的常用药剂对台湾甲腹茧蜂（Chelonus formosanus）成虫的室内杀虫活性、蛹的羽化率、处理蛹后羽化成虫寿命和寄生率的影响,为草地贪夜蛾的化学与生物协同防治中药剂的选择提供依据。在室内条件下用药膜法和喷雾法测定200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC、30%茚虫威EC、5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME、10%虫螨腈SC和5.7%氯氟氰菊酯EW 5种常用杀虫剂对台湾甲腹茧蜂成蜂的LR50,及其推荐浓度对台湾甲腹茧蜂寄生率、蛹的羽化率及羽化后寿命的影响。结果表明,5种杀虫剂药膜法处理台湾甲腹茧蜂成蜂后,LR50由高到低为氯虫苯甲酰胺>茚虫威>氯氟氰菊酯>虫螨腈>甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐;氯虫苯甲酰胺对台湾甲腹茧蜂成蜂风险系数HQ=1.55,有较高风险,其余药剂风险系数均<1,风险较低。喷雾处理蜂蛹后,甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐80 mg/L处理对羽化率无显著影响;虫螨腈1000 mg/L处理的羽化率最低（63.33%）;氯虫苯甲酰胺60 mg/L处理显著降低蜂蛹羽化后成虫寿命,茚虫威180 mg/L、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐80、90 mg/L处理无显著影响。茚虫威180 mg/L和虫螨腈1000 mg/L处理下成蜂的寄生率分别下降5.50%和4.98%,影响较小。综上所述,5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME在配合台湾甲腹茧蜂对草地贪夜蛾进行综合防治具有应用潜力,30%茚虫威EC及10%虫螨腈SC在适当的剂量下仍需完善应用规范,避免过量使用。 相似文献
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为明确不同类别杀虫剂对玉米穗期主要鳞翅目害虫的防控应用前景,采用人工饲料混药法测定6种杀虫剂对棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)、玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)、桃蛀螟(Conogethes punctiferalis)幼虫的毒力,通过田间药效试验评价其对玉米穗期害虫的防治效果。室内毒力测定结果表明,氯虫苯甲酰胺、四氯虫酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、虫螨腈对棉铃虫、玉米螟、桃蛀螟具有较高的室内毒力,LC50值分别在0.29～0.51、0.17～0.51、0.03～0.20、0.61～8.32 mg/L;辛硫磷毒力最低,对3种害虫毒力分别为127.76、80.57、62.11 mg/L。田间药效试验表明,6种杀虫剂对玉米穗期害虫均表现出一定的防治效果,氯虫苯甲酰胺、四氯虫酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、虫螨腈各处理对穗虫防治效果较高,防效在73.29%～83.52%,显著高于甲氧虫酰肼、辛硫磷各处理防效,能有效控制玉米穗期害虫危害。综合室内毒力、田间药效试验,氯虫苯甲酰、四氯虫酰胺、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、虫螨腈在玉米穗期害虫防控上具... 相似文献
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选取5种药剂在玉米移栽初期、未受危害前进行田间药效试验，测试其防治效果、持效期、危害指数、草地贪夜蛾虫量变化情况等，对比5种常用药剂防治效果和持效期。结果表明，200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂和5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂的防治效果和速效性较好，药后2 d防治效果仍维持在100%；药后14 d苏云金杆菌G033A可湿性粉剂的防治效果降度最小；通过防治效果和矫正虫口减退率对比，持效期长短结果为苏云金杆菌G033A可湿性粉剂(50.24%、-5.23%)>200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂(40.07%、-16.93%)>5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂(39.24%、-25.54%)>80亿孢子/mL金龟子绿僵菌CQ-Ma421可分散油悬浮剂(16.01%、-26.78%)>150 g/mL茚虫威乳油(9.71%、-28.57%);5种药剂的防治效果均能达到60%以上。200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂和5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂为草地贪夜蛾发生严重区首选农药，危害轻度区推荐使用苏云金杆菌G033A可湿性粉剂。 相似文献
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对草地贪夜蛾发生情况进行了定点调查与监测。结果表明,海南6个调查点冬季均有草地贪夜蛾为害玉米,为害偏向于苗期、小喇叭口期和大喇叭口期,植株受害率分别为15.59%、13.16%和12.67%,抽雄期后为害显著减少;不同地区草地贪夜蛾幼虫发生程度不同,三亚和东方较为严重,峰值出现在2月,百株虫量分别为33.32头和30.72头,海口和儋州发生较轻,虫态以3龄幼虫所占比例最高;诱捕监测到草地贪夜蛾成虫出现2个峰值,三亚和东方诱虫数量（16.09头和15.07头）显著高于儋州（5.27头）。本研究明确了海南部分冬季玉米种植区草地贪夜蛾的发生动态,南繁区和东方市发生为害较为严重,西部和北部区域种群数量相对较低,研究结果为海南草地贪夜蛾的监测与防控提供依据。 相似文献
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为研究茚虫威对灰茶尺蠖幼虫室内毒力和田间防治效果,采用浸梢法测定了茚虫威对灰茶尺蠖敏感品系3龄幼虫的室内毒力,并开展了田间防治效果试验。茚虫威对灰茶尺蠖3龄幼虫24h的LC50为1.40mg/L,95%置信区间0.76-2.36mg/L,毒力回归方程y=3.99x-0.58;田间防效表明,15%茚虫威乳油对茶尺蠖幼虫速效性稍差,药后1天防效在60.00%以下;但持效性好,药后3天、7天防效分别在75.00%和97.00%以上,显著优于对照药剂联苯菊酯,可以作为防治灰茶尺蠖药剂推广应用,但在应用中注意科学用药,做好抗性监测。 相似文献
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不同杀虫剂对花生蚜毒力及拌种控制效果研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确噻虫胺等9种杀虫剂对花生蚜虫的毒力和拌种处理对花生蚜虫的控制效果,采用浸渍法进行了室内毒力测定,并进行了盆栽和田间药剂拌种防治试验。结果表明,以新烟碱类噻虫胺、吡虫啉、啶虫脒和噻虫嗪对蚜虫的毒力最高,其毒力分别是毒死蜱的49.2、40.7、26.6和26.1倍;其次是吡蚜酮、高效氯氰菊酯和氯氟氰菊酯,哒螨灵的毒力是毒死蜱的3.9倍。盆栽药剂拌种处理后50d,噻虫胺、噻虫嗪和吡虫啉对花生蚜的防效达仍在89%以上。田间拌种处理后25d,噻虫胺、噻虫嗪和吡虫啉对蚜虫的防效均达100%,药后45d防效达87.07%~92.67%,其中以噻虫胺防效最高,而对照药剂毒死蜱几乎无控制效果。采用新烟碱类药剂噻虫胺、噻虫嗪和吡虫啉拌种,对花生苗期蚜虫控制效果优异,并可有效控制地下害虫,且对天敌保护作用强。 相似文献
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M.R. Campos M.C. Picanço J.C. Martins A.C. Tomaz R.N.C. Guedes 《Crop Protection》2011,30(12):1535-1540
Insecticide lethal and sub-lethal effects on non-target species are a focus in pest management programs. However, such studies are usually centered in relatively few groups of natural enemies of insect pests. Earwigs, although insect pest predators of key importance in Neotropical maize fields, have received very little attention. The earwig Doru luteipes (Sccuder) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) is one of the main predators of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Both species were subjected to toxicity and selectivity studies with the insecticides chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, λ-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, etofenprox, methomyl and spinosad. The behavioral locomotory response of D. luteipes to these compounds was also assessed. Concentration-response bioassays indicated very low potency of chlorantraniliprole (>550,000× less toxic), followed by spinosad (>3,500× less toxic) and etofenprox (>1,100× less toxic) as compared to chlorpyrifos, the most toxic insecticide studied against this earwig species. These same three compounds exhibited the highest selectivity when comparing the earwig with its prey, the fall armyworm. Time-response bioassays using the insecticide label rates recommended against the fall armyworm confirmed the high selectivity of chlorantraniliprole and etofenprox, in addition to deltamethrin and methomyl. Again chlorpyrifos exhibited the lowest levels of selectivity. Exposure of the earwig to insecticide-treated surfaces indicated that spinosad reduced the locomotory activity of the adults probably increasing their insecticide exposure, while they avoided chlorfenapyr-, etofenprox-, and chlorpyrifos-treated surfaces. Chlorantraniliprole and etofenprox seem the most promising compounds for use against S. frugiperda whilst preserving populations of D. luteipes. 相似文献
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Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is the main target pest of transgenic maize expressing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) in Brazil. To optimize resistance management strategies, we evaluated the functional dominance of different aged larvae of Bt-resistant FAW on Vip3Aa20 maize. We measured the survival and development of Vip3Aa20-resistant, -heterozygote, and -susceptible strains on MIR162 (expressing Vip3Aa20) and Bt11 × MIR162 × GA21 (expressing Vip3Aa20 and Cry1Ab) maize. The resistant strain, from neonate to sixth instar, showed more than 72% survival on Vip3Aa20 maize. From surviving larvae, more than 64 and 54% developed to pupae and adults, respectively. In contrast, heterozygote and susceptible strains showed no larval survival up to fourth instar, and less than 25% larval survival in the fifth and sixth instar on Vip3Aa20 maize. These larvae produced less than 21% of pupae and adults. The development time of FAW strains from neonate-to-adult exposed to Vip3Aa20 maize was similar; however, the resistant strain showed an increase of ∼ 2 d when compared to those fed only non-Bt maize. In summary, the resistance of S. frugiperda to Vip3Aa20 maize is functionally recessive from neonate up to fourth instar larvae. However, high larval survival of resistant strain and some survival of heterozygote larvae in advanced instars on Vip3Aa20 maize were observed. These results will be important for designing insect resistance management to Bt maize plants expressing Vip3Aa20 protein in Brazil. 相似文献
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Wagner de Souza Tavares Ivan Cruz Fernando Petacci Sebastio Loureno de Assis Júnior Silvia de Sousa Freitas Jos Cola Zanuncio Jos Eduardo Serro 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,30(3):384-388
Extracts of 12 Asteraceae were tested on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and on their parasitoids Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). The plants Lychnophora ericoides and Trichogonia villosa were toxic for 97.7 ± 0.15% of one-day-old eggs of S. frugiperda and Lepidaploa lilacina for 72.0 ± 2.50% for two-day-old eggs of this insect. Extracts of Vernonia holosenicea, Lychnophora ramosissima and Chromolaena chaseae had higher impact on S. frugiperda, while those of Eremanthus elaeagnus and L. ericoides were more selective to T. pretiosum and T. remus. Asteraceae extracts present potential for integrated pest management programs of S. frugiperda. 相似文献
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Spinetoram, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole are new insecticides with novel mode of actions, low mammalian toxicity and low impact to environment. In the present study, the efficacy of these insecticides was tested against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val on concrete. Among the tested insecticides, spinetoram proved to be more effective, providing complete control of T. confusum adults and young larvae after 14 days of exposure. For the young larvae, thiamethoxam at the highest dose and chlorantraniliprole at both doses were equally effective with spinetoram. On the other hand, none of the tested insecticides were able to control T. confusum pupae. Moreover, none of the insecticides had ovicidal effect, with the exception of chlorantraniliprole in some combinations. From the mobile life stages, the most tolerant life stages were old larvae and the most susceptible young larvae. The presence of food (flour) moderated T. confusum mortality. From the results of the present study, we can conclude that spinetoram, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole showed potential and need be further evaluated for surface treatments in stored product facilities. Our work underlined the need for good cleaning and sanitation procedures in warehouses and food processing facilities. 相似文献
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室内测定了苏云金芽胞杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt）对腰果重要害虫腰果细蛾(Acrocercops syngramma)和腰果云翅斑螟（Nephopteryx sp.）幼虫的作用效果。研究表明,在500或1000倍浓度下,Bt对低龄（1~3龄）腰果细蛾幼虫的致死作用较强,致死率为70%~100%,但对高龄（4龄和5龄）腰果细蛾幼虫致死作用较低（20.0%~52.5%）。Bt对腰果云翅斑螟3龄幼虫的致死作用相对较慢,在500倍浓度下作用120 h后致死率为75%。2000倍Bt与200 IJs/皿小卷蛾斯氏线虫Steinernema carpocapsae All对腰果云翅斑螟联合作用48 h后表现为增效作用,致死率达90%。 相似文献