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1.
为探究球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana与杀螨剂混配对二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae的防控作用,采用Munger cell法测定球孢白僵菌ZJU435与联苯肼酯、乙唑螨腈按照不同有效成分比混配后对二斑叶螨的室内毒力及其增效作用,并测定不同药剂组合对二斑叶螨的田间防治效果。结果表明,不同杀螨剂对二斑叶螨的室内毒力大小排序为乙唑螨腈>联苯肼酯>球孢白僵菌ZJU435,LC50分别为2.68、9.31和29.37 mg/L;球孢白僵菌ZJU435与联苯肼酯、乙唑螨腈分别以1∶9、3∶7、5∶5、7∶3、9∶1的有效成分比混配后均有显著的增效作用,其中球孢白僵菌ZJU435与联苯肼酯、乙唑螨腈均以9∶1有效成分比混配时的共毒系数最高,分别为324.61和391.80,增效作用最显著。以9∶1有效成分比混配时,12.50、9.50和8.00 mg/L球孢白僵菌+联苯肼酯混配处理后第10天的防治效果分别为84.13%、81.94%和77.96%,8.60、3.60和2.40 mg/L球孢白僵菌+乙唑螨腈混配处理后第10天对二斑叶螨的防治效果分别为89.38%... 相似文献
2.
为了实现二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae Koch对阿维菌素抗药性的快速检测,本研究建立了一种叶螨对阿维菌素抗药性的快速分子检测技术,即酶切扩增多态性序列(cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences,CAPS)标记技术,检测二斑叶螨谷氨酸门控氯离子通道(Glu Cl3)基因片段上G326E的突变频率,并采用琼脂浸叶法测定田间5个种群对阿维菌素的抗药性。结果表明,北京密云、顺义、昌平、浙江宁波和海南吉阳5个种群对阿维菌素的抗性倍数分别达1 155.63、1 317.10、844.19、314.95和1 799.69倍,均为极高抗性水平;CAPS检测发现我国二斑叶螨抗性基因存在G326E位点突变,但在供试的5个不同种群中突变频率变异很大,其中北京昌平种群G326E突变频率高达90.00%,密云和顺义种群均为26.67%,浙江宁波种群为5.00%,而海南吉阳种群不存在该位点的突变。表明该CAPS标记还需与其它抗性机制或检测技术结合来实现叶螨对阿维菌素抗性的早期检测和预警。 相似文献
3.
在温室内模拟田间药剂的选择压力,用梅岭霉素和溴虫腈对二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae以浸渍法逐代处理,选育其抗性种群,评价其抗性风险性.结果表明,选育至12代,对梅岭霉素抗性增长到9.2倍,对溴虫腈抗性增长到10.0倍.酶抑制剂和离体酶活性的测定结果表明,二斑叶螨对梅岭霉素的抗性可能与羧酸酯酶、多功能氧化酶解毒作用的增强和药剂对害螨体壁穿透性降低有关;而药剂对害螨体壁穿透性降低和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶及酯酶代谢作用的增强可能是二斑叶螨对溴虫腈产生抗性的主要原因. 相似文献
4.
二斑叶螨对阿维菌素的抗药性及抗性基因的PASA检测技术 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了明确二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae Koch对阿维菌素的抗性水平,采用玻片浸渍法测定了北京4个地区二斑叶螨雌成螨对阿维菌素的抗药性,建立了特异性等位基因PCR（PASA）方法,并检测了二斑叶螨谷氨酸门控氯离子通道（GluCl）基因片段上G323D的突变频率。结果显示,北京昌平、海淀、密云和怀柔4个田间二斑叶螨种群对阿维菌素均达极高抗性水平,其中昌平种群抗性最高,LC50值为448.93 mg/L,抗性倍数为4 988.11倍。室内敏感种群未见抗性个体,昌平和密云种群G323D等位基因突变频率为100.00%,怀柔和海淀种群分别为86.25%和90.00%。北京4个地区二斑叶螨种群对阿维菌素达极高抗性水平,抗性基因的突变频率也很高,表明阿维菌素不适宜用来防治这些地区的二斑叶螨种群。 相似文献
5.
四个二斑叶螨地理种群卵对10种杀螨剂的敏感性差异 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了明确二斑叶螨卵对现有杀螨剂的敏感性现状,采用棉苗浸渍法测定了4个二斑叶螨地理种群卵对10种常用杀螨剂的敏感性。结果表明,昌乐和寿光蔬菜大棚内二斑叶螨卵的敏感性明显低于郑州和沂源种群。其中,4个抗性种群对哒螨灵的敏感性均较低,敏感系数从高到低依次为:昌乐(216.02倍)、郑州(112.45倍)、沂源(53.56倍)、寿光(12.74倍)。唑螨酯和螺螨酯对卵的毒力均较高,是防治二斑叶螨卵较好的药剂。 相似文献
6.
为了筛选与顶孢霉菌株相容的化学杀螨剂,本文采用孢子萌发法和菌丝生长速率法,测定了哒螨灵、虫螨腈和螺螨酯对顶孢霉孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响及协同效应。结果表明:哒螨灵、甲氰菊酯、四螨嗪、氟虫脲、螺螨酯、虫螨腈、螺虫乙酯在不同浓度下对顶孢霉孢子萌发和菌丝生长均有不同程度的抑制作用,哒螨灵、虫螨腈、螺螨酯与顶孢霉混用对二斑叶螨有一定的协同作用。哒螨灵、虫螨腈、螺螨酯在高浓度下(25μg/mL、0.83μg/mL、60μg/mL),对顶孢霉孢子萌发的抑制率分别为27.67%、27.83%和29.22%,对菌丝生长抑制率分别为20%、18%和18%,抑制作用较低,有较好的相容性;25μg/mL哒螨灵、0.83μg/mL虫螨腈、60μg/mL螺螨酯与含孢量为1×106个/mL顶孢霉复配处理二斑叶螨11d,对二斑叶螨的致死效果明显大于单用顶孢霉的处理,3种药剂与顶孢霉复配剂对二斑叶螨的半数致死时间(LT50)分别为5.38、5.41、5.79d,较单用半数致死时间缩短了4.19、4.16、3.78d,提高了顶孢霉的杀螨速度。 相似文献
7.
本研究通过生物测定检测了重庆潼南田间朱砂叶螨种群对5种杀虫杀螨剂的抗药性,并测定了主要代谢酶活性及抗性相关基因的表达量。抗性监测结果显示,朱砂叶螨对联苯肼酯和哒螨灵表现为中等水平抗性,对阿维菌素、丁氟螨酯和甲氰菊酯为低水平抗性。代谢酶活性检测结果显示:田间种群的P450和GST活性明显提高,且多个相关基因的表达也显著上调,而CarE的活性没有显著变化。综上所述,重庆潼南田间朱砂叶螨种群已对联苯肼酯、哒螨灵、阿维菌素、丁氟螨酯和甲氰菊酯产生了不同程度的抗药性,P450和GST活性提高和有关基因过表达是抗性产生的主要原因。 相似文献
8.
9.
为筛选对草莓上二斑叶螨控制效果较好的捕食螨,以及对二斑叶螨毒力较强而对捕食螨安全性较高的杀螨剂,通过测定智利小植绥螨、巴氏新小绥螨、加州新小绥螨对二斑叶螨的捕食能力,测定阿维菌素、联苯肼酯、丁氟螨酯、乙螨唑和螺螨酯对二斑叶螨的毒力以及对其雌成螨日均产卵量的影响,分析比较了供试的5种杀螨剂对3种捕食螨的毒力、选择性毒力和安全性。结果表明,3种捕食螨对二斑叶螨均有较强的捕食能力,智利小植绥螨表现最为突出,其对二斑叶螨螨卵、若螨和成螨的捕食能力值分别为23.69、25.92、9.14。在供试杀螨剂中,螺螨酯对二斑叶螨的毒力较高,联苯肼酯对其产卵量的影响较大;联苯肼酯、丁氟螨酯、螺螨酯对智利小植绥螨,联苯肼酯、螺螨酯对巴氏新小绥螨,螺螨酯对加州新小绥螨的毒力低于其对二斑叶螨的毒力。本研究得出智利小植绥螨对二斑叶螨的捕食能力强、螺螨酯对二斑叶螨的毒力较高且对智利小植绥螨较安全的结果,可为防治实践提供参考。 相似文献
10.
以二斑叶螨为Tetranychus urticae Koch试虫,采用田间药效试验的方法,研究了乙唑螨腈等6种杀螨剂对二斑叶螨的田间防效及对草莓的安全性。以期为草莓二斑叶螨防控提供高效、安全的杀螨剂。结果表明:30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂速效性与持效性最好,药后1d的防效为91.80%,14d防效为95.56%;20%丁氟螨酯悬浮剂和100g/L联苯菊酯乳油2种药剂的速效性较好,持效性较差,药后Id防效在83%-89%,药后14d的防效在27%~46%;43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂在药后3d的防效最高,达到87.87%;1.8%阿维菌素乳油在药后1~14d防效在36%-72%之间。73%炔螨特乳油在365mg/L浓度下对草莓叶片产生药害,其它药剂对草莓安全。 相似文献
11.
Fenpyroximate resistance in Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): cross-resistance and biochemical resistance mechanisms 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A field colony of the Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch), resistant to fenpyroximate was further selected with fenpyroximate 5SC for 20 generations at a selection pressure of 30-50% mortality (designated as FR-20 strain). Resistance and cross-resistance levels of the FR-20 strain to 18 acaricides were determined using a spray method. The FR-20 strain was extremely resistant to fenpyroximate [resistance ratio (RR) 252]. The strain exhibited extremely strong positive cross-resistance to acrinathrin (RR 196), and high levels of resistance to benzoximate (RR 55) and propargite (RR 64). Moderate levels of cross-resistance (RR 11-40) to abamectin, fenbutatin oxide, fenpropathrin, pyridaben, pyridaben + bifenthrin and tebufenpyrad were observed. The FR-20 strain showed low levels of resistance (RR < 10) to azocyclotin, bromopropylate, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr + bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr + pyridaben, dicofol, fenazaquin and milbemectin. Synergist experiments with different metabolic inhibitors revealed that piperonyl butoxide had the greatest effect on the efficacy of fenpyroximate, followed by iprobenfos and triphenyl phosphate. In a comparative assay with detoxifying enzymes, the FR-20 strain showed 2.5-fold higher activity in p-nitroanisole-O-demethylation, and 2.5- and 2.2-fold higher activities in alpha- and beta-naphthyl acetate hydrolysis, respectively. These results suggested that enhanced activities of both mixed-function oxidases and esterases likely contribute to the fenpyroximate resistance of the FR-20 strain of T urticae. 相似文献
12.
山西省苹果园山楂叶螨对5种杀虫剂抗药性监测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确山西省苹果园山楂叶螨(Amphitetranychus viennensis Zacher)对化学杀虫剂的抗性现状及发展趋势,本文采用玻片浸渍法建立了山楂叶螨相对敏感种群对5种杀虫剂的敏感基线,连续3年(2013-2015年)监测了采自山西省苹果主产区运城苹果园的山楂叶螨对5种杀虫剂的抗性水平及变化动态。监测结果表明:田间监测种群对阿维菌素和三唑锡均处于敏感性下降及低水平抗性阶段,对哒螨灵和噻螨酮的抗性由低水平抗性升至中等水平抗性,对炔螨特处于低水平抗性。田间防治山楂叶螨时,哒螨灵与噻螨酮应淘汰不再使用,阿维菌素、三唑锡、炔螨特则应注意减少用药量及轮换用药,以延缓产生更高水平的抗药性。 相似文献
13.
The heritability of resistance has an important bearing on the management of pest resistance, especially for evaluating the sustainability of a chemical on a particular pest population. The susceptibility of pests to insecticides may change depending on the selection pressure of these compounds on populations. Tetranychus cinnabarinus, a very important mite pest of many crops in China, was continuously selected with methrin, abamectin, pyridaben and mixtures of pyridaben and abamectin (pyidaben:abamectin?=?7.4:0.1?m/m), and methrin and abamectin (methrin:abamectin?=?8.9:0.1?m/m). After 16 generations, the resistance increased to 25.8-, 3.7-, 1.3-, 4.0- and 2.5-fold to methrin, abamectin, pyridaben, pyridaben?+?abamectin and methrin?+?abamectin, respectively. The more generations selected, the higher was the resistance level, except in the case of the strain selected with pyridaben. The realized heritabilities of resistance to methrin, abamectin, pyridabe, pyridaben?+?abamectin and methrin?+?abamectin were: 0.20, 0.15, 0.03, 0.18 and 0.08, respectively. Higher values of heritability occurred during the second eight generations selected than through the first eight generations except in the case of the strain selected with the mixture pyridaben?+?abamectin. 相似文献
14.
A field-collected strain (MR-VL) of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, exhibited strong resistance to bifenthrin, dicofol and fenbutatin oxide in comparison with a susceptible laboratory strain (LS-VL). The MR-VL strain was screened for cross-resistance with several currently used acaricides. Cross-resistance was detected with clofentezine (RR = 2631), dimethoate (RR = 250), chlorfenapyr (RR = 154), bromopropylate (RR = 25), amitraz (RR = 17), flucycloxuron (RR = 15) and azocyclotin (RR = 7). Abamectin, acequinocyl, bifenazate, tebufenpyrad and spirodiclofen did not show any signs of cross-resistance. Enhanced detoxification by increased activity of mono-oxygenases (MO) and esterases is at least partially responsible for the observed resistance and cross-resistance. MO assays with 7-ethoxycoumarin (7-EC) were optimised and 7-ethoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (7-EFC), a new MO-substrate, was evaluated for the first time in T urticae and proved to be a good alternative to 7-EC. Approximately 3- and 4-fold higher MO activity was detected with 7-EFC and 7-EC respectively in the MR-VL strain. Kinetic parameters of general esterase assays with 4-nitrophenyl acetate and 1-naphthyl acetate as substrate indicated that more esterases were present in the MR-VL strain. A first attempt was made to classify the esterases present in T urticae. Acetyl-, aryl- and carboxyl-esterases were detected with the use of inhibitors after separation by native PAGE. Glutathione-S-transferases did not seem to play any role in the observed resistance and no differences were detected when the general oxidative capacities of the two strains were compared. 相似文献
15.
Roberto L. Nicastro Mário E. Sato Valter Arthur Marcos Z. da Silva 《Phytoparasitica》2013,41(5):503-513
The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a key pest of many agricultural crops. Studies of stability of resistance, cross-resistance relationships and monitoring of chlorfenapyr resistance were carried out with T. urticae to provide basic information necessary to define effective acaricide resistance management strategies for this pest. Chlorfenapyr resistance was shown to be stable in the absence of selection pressure under laboratory conditions. The activities of seven different acaricides against chlorfenapyr-resistant and -susceptible strains of T. urticae were evaluated. The results indicated possible positive cross-resistance between chlorfenapyr and the acaricides abamectin, propargite and etoxazole. No cross-resistance was detected for the acaricides milbemectin, fenpyroximate and diafenthiuron. A possible negatively correlated cross-resistance was observed between chlorfenapyr and spiromesifen. The evaluation of 21 T. urticae populations from several crops in the States of São Paulo, Mato Grosso, Goiás, and Bahia, in Brazil, indicated that the susceptibility of mites to chlorfenapyr was variable, with percentages of resistant mites ranging from 0.0 to 86.5%. The highest resistance frequencies were observed in ornamental plants in the State of São Paulo. Some populations from cotton and papaya also presented high frequencies of chlorfenapyr resistance. This is the first report on chlorfenapyr resistance in T. urticae on cotton and papaya in Brazil. Strategies for the management of acaricide resistance are discussed. 相似文献
16.
联苯肼酯对柑橘全爪螨的毒力测定及田间防效 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用Potter喷雾法测定了联苯肼酯对柑橘全爪螨的室内毒力, 并通过田间药效试验评价了联苯肼酯对柑橘全爪螨的防治效果。结果表明, 联苯肼酯对柑橘全爪螨的LC50 为95.37 mg/L、对照药剂哒螨灵的LC50 为228.09 mg/L, 联苯肼酯的毒力为哒螨灵的2.39倍。2011-2012年田间药效试验表明, 药后1 d, 43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂165、195、239 mg/kg处理的防效为50%~60%, 明显低于15%哒螨灵乳油75 mg/kg处理的防效; 药后3 d, 43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂239 mg/kg处理的防效达到75%以上, 与15%哒螨灵乳油的防效相当; 药后15 d, 195、239 mg/kg处理的防效为88.63%~91.23%, 显著高于15%哒螨灵乳油的防效。本试验表明, 43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂对柑橘全爪螨的速效性较差, 但持效期长, 药效可持续15 d, 是防治柑橘全爪螨的较好药剂之一。 相似文献
17.
二点叶螨对16种杀虫、杀螨剂的抗药性 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
以兰州吐鲁沟公园采集的二点叶螨为敏感种群（S），测定了兰州安宁区（R1）、红固区（R2）、天水（R3）、平凉（R4）、庆阳（R5）等地果园的二点叶螨抗性种群对16种杀虫、杀螨剂的抗性水平。结果表明，五地果园二点叶螨种群（R）对水胺硫磷、久效磷、克螨特、双甲脒、甲氰菊酯（R2除外）、联苯菊酯（R2除外）均已产生抗药性。其中R3种群对甲氰菊酯、克螨特、三氟氯氰菊酯、双甲脒、三氯杀螨醇的抗性最高，抗性指数（RF）分别为280．51、107．36、107．12、98．17、69．57倍；R4种群对水胺硫磷、克螨特、久效磷的RF值分别为97．15、82．94和65．39倍；其次是R1种群对甲氰菊酯、水胺硫磷、克螨特的RF值分别为75．05、60．97、60．14倍。五地果园二点叶螨抗性种群对氰久合剂、氧乐菊酯、氯马乳油、螨嗪菊酯、齐螨素、螨蚧克和四螨嗪的RF值均在14倍以下，对氧化乐果的RF值在22倍以下。 相似文献