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《灌溉排水学报》2019,(10)
【目的】探讨垄沟宽度对垄膜沟播胡麻水分利用效率和产量的影响,为提高垄膜沟播胡麻经济效益提供依据。【方法】对25 cm垄沟宽垄膜沟播(R25)、35 cm垄沟宽垄膜沟播(R35)、45 cm垄沟宽垄膜沟播(R45)和露地条播(CK)4个栽培条件下胡麻田土壤水分、胡麻生物量、水分利用效率、产量进行了比较分析。【结果】覆膜处理可缩短胡麻生育期2 d,不同处理间出苗率差异较大。胡麻种植区、覆膜区土壤水分垂直变化总体随土层增加呈增加趋势。R25、R35处理的生物量变化趋势一致,先上升后降低,鲜质量和干质量均在灌浆期达到最大值;R45处理和CK的生物量变化趋势一致,鲜质量在开花期最高,干质量在成熟期最高。R25处理的水分利用效率和产量均高于其他处理,R25处理水分利用效率较CK提高了32.81%,产量较CK提高了16.67%。【结论】垄沟宽度是影响垄膜沟播胡麻水分利用效率和产量的重要因素,较小的垄沟宽度(25 cm)有利于提高胡麻水分利用效率和产量。 相似文献
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为了确定凌海市水稻适宜的播种期与插秧期对水稻产量的影响,采取分期播种、分期插秧的方法延迟播种期与插秧期,从而总结出延迟播种、延期插秧对水稻产量的影响,为水稻高产优质栽培提供理论依据。 相似文献
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播种作业的质量好坏,直接影响作物产量,又播种期很短,因此,在及时播种的同时,还必须十分注意播种作业的安全技术,才能取得高效而增产。 相似文献
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以郑单958、丹玉39为试材,研究播种期对玉米生育期、籽粒灌浆速率、农艺性状和产量的影响。结果表明：在不同播期条件下,郑单958均比丹玉39生育期少12d左右,且播种越晚,生育期越短;两品种相同播期的灌浆速率变化规律一致;郑单958的千粒质量、穗粒数、株高、穗位均低于丹玉39;5月14日播种的玉米产量最高。 相似文献
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播种是作物生长的基础,良好的播种作业是获得高产的前提.农民朋友经常说的一句话就是:要想产量高,必须适时播种.而最佳播种期时间非常短,所以任务相当艰巨,在农业机械化大发展的今天,我们要在这句话后补充一句,那就是:要想适时播种,必须使用优质播种机. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]胡麻种子的周长、面积、长短轴和千粒重是胡麻考种过程中常用的参数,对于胡麻的育种、栽培,以及种子品质和性状的评估都具有重要的意义。[方法]针对胡麻种子自动化考种时出现的数据统计错误率高、效率低等问题,基于机器视觉研究胡麻种子的轮廓特点、探索形态特征的测量方法,针对籽粒重叠现象提出基于融合角点特征的轮廓拟合图像分割方法,设计胡麻种子自动化考种数据实时分析系统,最终实现胡麻种子自动化考种的研究。本研究在工业相机获取的胡麻种子图像上进行试验。[结果和讨论]提出的自动化考种方法对不同品种胡麻种子的统计识别准确率达97.28%,百粒种子平均处理时长69.58 ms,相较于极限腐蚀算法、基于距离变换的分水岭算法,平均计算准确率比极限腐蚀算法提升19.6%,平均运算时间低于直接使用分水岭算法所需时间。[结论]自动化考种方法具有更好的计算准确率和处理速度,能够更准确地批量获取胡麻种子的形态学特征参数,使测量误差能够保持在10%以内,可为今后胡麻考种相关工作提供技术支撑,助力相关产业发展。 相似文献
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通过调整播期,研究影响玉米生长发育和产量形成的气候因素,尤其是高温条件。试验选取京农科728、登海618、郑单958和先玉335共4个主栽玉米品种为材料,分别在2019年6月5日（T1）、6月15日（T2）和6月25日（T3）3个播期处理种植。结果表明,4个玉米品种的生育期,随着播期的推迟均不同程度延长。成熟期干物质积累量,4个玉米品种的叶片和茎秆在不同的播期没有明显差别,但籽粒和穗4个品种干物质积累量早播处理比晚播处理积累量大,可能是因为早播处理比晚播处理时段的温度要高。在玉米穗粒数、百粒质量和产量上,品种和播期处理对其影响达极显著水平。品种和播期处理对穗粒数、百粒质量和产量表现出极显著的交互作用。京农科728、登海618、郑单958和先玉335品种的穗粒数、百粒质量和产量最大值均为T2处理,最低均为T1处理,在产量性状上可能是因为T1处理在开花授粉阶段正好遇到连续高温天气,导致T1处理结实性较差。由此可见,在玉米生长发育和产量形成时,高温对其影响较大,在没有遇到高温的情况下,适时早播对玉米产量的提高将更有利。 相似文献
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《Agricultural Water Management》2004,66(2):163-179
Chickpea is one of the major legume crops grown in the West Asia and North Africa (WANA) region. It has considerable importance as a food, feed and fodder. Traditionally, it is sown in spring as a rainfed crop in the region, which has highly variable and often insufficient rainfall. It is, therefore, largely raised on residual moisture, which results in low and variable yields and discourages farmers from investing inputs in its production. In the early 1990s, a winter-sown chickpea technology was developed that outweighs spring-sown chickpea in terms of productivity, water use efficiency and other traits. Limited supplemental irrigation can, however, play a major role in boosting and stabilizing the productivity of both spring-sown and winter-sown chickpea. Therefore, we investigated the effect of supplemental irrigation and sowing date on yield and water use efficiency in winter-sown chickpea.An experiment was carried out over four cropping seasons (1997–2001) at ICARDA’s main station at Tel Hadya, Aleppo, northern Syria (mean annual rainfall 330 mm). A cold-tolerant chickpea cultivar with improved resistance to ascochyta blight (ILC 3279, released as Ghab 2 in Syria) was grown in rotation with wheat. The experiment included three sowing dates (late November, mid-January, and late February) and four levels of supplemental irrigation (SI): full SI, 2/3 SI, 1/3 SI, and no SI, i.e. rainfed. The plots were replicated three times in a split-plot design, with date of sowing being the main plot treatment. Soil water content was monitored at approximately at 7–14-day intervals using a neutron probe. Crop evapotranspiration was determined for each subplot during each time interval, from sowing to harvest, using the soil-water balance equation. Water use efficiency was determined as the ratio of crop yield per unit area to seasonal evapotranspiration.The results showed that chickpea yield per unit area increases with both earlier sowing and increased SI. However, water use efficiency under supplemental irrigation decreases with earlier sowing, due to the relatively large increase that occurs in the amount of evapotranspiration at early sowing dates. The study’s results indicated that a 2/3 SI level gives the optimum water use efficiency for chickpea under supplemental irrigation. Under rainfed conditions, however, it was found that sowing chickpea around mid-January resulted in the highest WUE. The analysis also proposed a function, based on regression, which relates winter-sown chickpea yield to water use and which is applicable under both supplemental and rainfed conditions. 相似文献
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The field experiments were conducted for 2 years to evaluate the response of normally sown and paired sown cotton in terms
of seed cotton yield and water use efficiency (WUE) at various levels of water applied through drip system. Drip irrigation
under normal sowing resulted in an increase in seed cotton yield of 14 and 32% during first and second year, respectively,
when same quantity of water was applied through drip and check-basin. Drip irrigation under dense paired sowing, in which
the quantity of water applied was 75% as compared to drip under normal sowing, produced equal seed cotton yield during first
year but yield increase of 27% was observed during second year. Drip irrigation under normal paired sowing, in which the quantity
of water applied was 50% as compared with drip under normal sowing, resulted in a reduction in seed cotton yield of 11 and
15% than normal sowing during first and second year, respectively. However, at equal levels of water applied, dense paired
sowing produced 12 and 23% higher seed cotton yield than normal sowing during first and second year, respectively. Similarly,
normal paired sowing produced 6 and 14% higher seed cotton yield than normal sowing during first and second year, respectively,
The present study revealed that dense paired sowing produced highest yield and water use efficiency along with reduction in
cost owing to lower number of laterals required. 相似文献
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Abolfazl Faraji Nasser Latifi Amir Hossain Shirani Rad 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(1):132-140
The effects of high temperature stress and supplemental irrigation on seed yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of canola (Brassica napus L.) were studied in a field experiment conducted for 2 years. The experiment was a randomized complete block design arranged in split plot, conducted at Agricultural Research Station of Gonbad, Iran. It was arranged in two conditions, i.e. supplemental irrigation and rainfed. Two cultivars of canola (Hyola401 and RGS003) as subplots were grown at five sowing dates as main plots. The sowing dates were 9 November, 6 December, 5 January, 4 February and 6 March in 2005-2006 and 6 November, 6 December, 5 January, 4 February and 6 March in 2006-2007, to have a wide range of environmental conditions around flowering and seed filling periods, and to coincide reproductive stages of the crop with high temperature stress. Seed yield was improved due to field management practices, such as supplemental irrigation and optimum sowing date. Supplemental irrigation was an efficient practice to mitigate water stress, and to increase aboveground dry matter and seed yield. There was a strongly negative relationship between seed yield and air temperature during reproductive stages. Delay in sowing led to more rapid developmental of canola, decreased aboveground dry matter, leaf area index (LAI), harvest index (HI), WUE, and seed yield. Achieving a high aboveground dry matter was an essential prerequisite for high reproductive growth and a high seed yield. Greater seed yield and WUE at first sowing date were associated with greater LAI and aboveground dry matter, and lower temperatures during reproductive stages. The results support the view that WUE can be used as an indirect selection criterion for seed yield in genotypic selection. 相似文献
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种植密度对滴灌马铃薯生长、产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了了解耕培土滴灌条件下种植密度对马铃薯生长、产量以及水分利用效率的影响.试验共设密度分别为7.28×104 株/hm2(RS25),6.67×104 株/hm2(RS35),5.55×104 株/hm2(CK)3个处理.结果表明:随着种植密度的增加,株高、茎粗、干物质积累量以及商品薯率均有降低的趋势;产量、水分利用效率随种植密度的增加表现出先增大后减少,其中RS35处理产量和水分利用效率均表现最高,分别达到47 325 kg/hm2和12.05 kg/m3;在马铃薯品质方面,种植密度对马铃薯粗蛋白含量的影响不具有统计学意义;淀粉和维生素C随着密度的大幅增加而降低,其中RS25处理的淀粉较CK降低了5.57%,RS25处理的维生素C较CK降低了7.96%,同时RS35与CK处理不具有统计学意义.综上所述,种植密度为6.67×104 株/hm2的RS35处理马铃薯高产优质,且水分利用效率最高,为黑龙江地区滴灌马铃薯较为适宜的种植密度. 相似文献
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为探寻种植方式与灌水模式对糯玉米生长及产量的影响,选择试验区域玉米生产中常用的3种种植方式[DM(全膜双垄宽窄行沟播)、C(全膜双垄等行距沟播)、CK(裸地平作)]和两种灌水模式{I0[播种期(75%~85%)θf、苗期-拔节前期(65%~75%)θf、拔节后期-孕穗期(70%~80%)θf、孕穗期-开花期(70%~80%)θf]和I1[播种期(75%~85%)θf、拔节后期-孕穗期(75%~85%)θf]}进行组合,对不同处理下糯玉米的株高、叶面积指数、籽粒产量及水分利用效率差异进行了研究。结果表明:相同灌水水平下,全膜双垄沟播能够使糯玉米的株高、叶面积指数、籽粒产量及水分利用效率显著提高;宽窄行种植对株高的提高作用不明显,对叶面积指数、籽粒产量及水分利用效率提升效果显著;I0与I1相比对糯玉米株高和叶面积指数提高明显,对产量和水分利用效率提升不明显。因此,全膜双垄宽窄行沟播是本研究条件下最适宜糯玉米生长的种植模式。 相似文献
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针对分段收获后胡麻脱出物形状差异小、混杂程度大、清选困难等问题,设计了胡麻脱粒清选装置。为提高胡麻脱粒清选装置作业效率,探究胡麻脱粒物料气流式清选机理,以装置气流清选系统为研究对象,分别建立清选系统CFD模型和胡麻脱出物DEM模型。采用CFD-DEM耦合仿真技术,通过研究各组分脱出物料的运动轨迹与空间位置分布,得出清选系统内胡麻脱出物分离规律,并进行验证试验,校验仿真模型可靠性。仿真试验表明,胡麻脱粒物颗粒在清选系统内气流场的作用下表现出较好的分离清选效果,同时,通过分析模拟试验所得到的胡麻脱粒物颗粒数量和平均速度变化曲线,探明了胡麻脱粒物料在分离清选作业过程中运移的平均速度和数量的变化规律。验证试验表明,该装置在最佳工作状态下作业后胡麻籽粒的清选损失率为2.78%,含杂率为2.23%,与仿真模拟胡麻籽粒损失率（2.05%）、含杂率（1.56%）相比,二者试验结果分别仅相差0.73、0.67个百分点,实际试验结果与仿真模拟结果吻合度较高,验证了模型的可靠性。 相似文献
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为在水、土资源紧张的条件下，确保比适播期推迟１５～２０天播种的晚播冬小麦获得高产，于１９９１～１９９３年在本站进行了对比试验，对晚播冬小麦采用常规灌溉、播前蓄灌及播前蓄灌加冬前盖秸的处理方法，与适播麦常规灌溉的产量、耗水量及其它农艺性状相比较，结果表明：晚播冬小麦采用播前蓄灌的措施，有明显的增产、节水效果，冬前盖秸并播前蓄灌的增产效果更显著，可获得与适播麦相当的６０００ｋｇ／ｈａ以上的产量，且节水１～２次，还可大大提高晚播冬小麦的水分生产率 相似文献