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《中国生态农业学报》2021,(7)
本试验以‘中杂9号’番茄为试材,采用砂培法,设置对照(0.66 mmol·L~(–1))、轻度缺磷(0.44 mmol·L–1)、重度缺磷(0.22 mmol·L–1)和无磷(0mmol·L–1)4个磷浓度,研究了柠檬酸(7.5mmol·L~(–1))浸种对低磷胁迫下番茄种子萌发、幼苗生长及生理特性的影响,旨在阐明柠檬酸浸种缓解番茄低磷胁迫的生理机制。结果表明:与蒸馏水浸种相比,不同浓度柠檬酸浸种引发显著提高了番茄发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数,最佳浓度为7.5 mmol·L–1。与对照相比,低磷胁迫下番茄幼苗生长受到严重抑制,丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧(O_2~(·-)、H_2O_2)含量显著升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著减低;可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖及甜菜碱含量显著升高,渗透势降低;而柠檬酸浸种引发明显促进了番茄幼苗的生长,增加了生物量的积累;提高了番茄中抗氧化酶活性,降低了MDA和活性氧的积累,减轻了番茄幼苗的氧化胁迫;显著提高了有机酸、可溶性糖等的含量,缓解了渗透势的下降;显著提高了番茄幼苗中的磷含量,缓解了植株的低磷胁迫症状。综上所述,柠檬酸浸种引发通过缓解低磷胁迫对番茄造成的氧化损伤,提高磷素吸收,维持正常生长代谢,从而增强番茄幼苗对低磷胁迫的抵抗能力。 相似文献
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研究叶面喷施壳寡糖（COS）后番茄幼苗生长及保护酶活性的变化,以改善番茄幼苗叶片对干旱胁迫的适应性,从而增强番茄的抗旱能力,为番茄抗旱提供参考。以番茄幼苗为供试材料,在吉林农业大学资源与环境学院进行盆栽试验。以壳寡糖和干旱处理番茄幼苗,共设6个处理（1.非干旱+清水,对照;2.非干旱+COS 50 mg/L;3.非干旱+COS 100 mg/L;4.干旱+清水;5.干旱+COS 50 mg/L;6.干旱+COS 100 mg/L）,喷施COS后,在土壤相对含水量达到干旱胁迫条件（土壤含水量为田间持水量的40%～50%）后,测定番茄幼苗株高、茎粗、SPAD值,在喷施COS后土壤含水量达到设定干旱水平后的第0、2、4、6 d测定叶片保护酶活性、丙二醛、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量。结果显示,COS能够显著缓解由于干旱造成的番茄幼苗株高、茎粗、SPAD值的下降;增加番茄幼苗叶片的过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）3种保护酶活性;增加脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白等渗透物质的含量,同时COS可缓解丙二醛含量的升高,且高浓度（100 mg/L）COS效果最好。综上,100 mg/... 相似文献
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采用营养液水培,以玉米品种天泰16(TT16)、豫玉18(YY18)为材料,探讨外源硝普钠(NO的外源供体SNP)+2,4-表油菜素内酯(EBR)/水杨酸(SA)浸种对盐胁迫下玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果显示,2种外源物组合浸种后,促进了盐胁迫(150mmol/L NaCl溶液)下玉米种子的萌发,以500mg/L 24-表油菜素内酯+硝普钠复合浸种和200mg/L水杨酸+硝普钠复合浸种效果最佳,其发芽率TT16分别比对照增加15%和13%,YY18增加16%和13%;发芽势TT16分别比对照增加24%和22%,YY18增加43%和44%,主根长、芽长及生物量也较对照增加。经外源物质浸种后,盐胁迫下的玉米幼苗长势较好,SOD、POD酶活性相比对照增加显著,MDA含量较少,可溶性糖在200mg/L水杨酸+硝普钠浸种的幼苗中积累最多,分别为对照的4.35倍(TT16)和4.03倍(YY18)。与对照相比,500mg/L EBR+100mmol/L SNP复合浸种和200mg/L SA+100mmol/L SNP复合浸种,玉米种子及幼苗耐盐性增强。 相似文献
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以碱茅为试材,在100 mmol/L的NaCl盐胁迫下,通过种子培养、室内盆栽试验,研究盐胁迫下不同浓度赤霉素（8,15,20,25,50 mg/L）对碱茅种子萌发、幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:（1）100 mmol/L的NaCl严重抑制碱茅的种子萌发和幼苗生长,碱茅种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数、根茎长显著降低,根系活力、过氧化物酶活力受到严重抑制;（2）在外源赤霉素溶液为8～20 mg/L的范围内,随着浓度的升高,碱茅种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数、根茎长逐渐升高,根系活力、过氧化物酶活力、耐盐指数明显提高;（3）高浓度（ > 20 mg/L）的外源赤霉素浸种处理,对种子的促进作用逐渐下降,当赤霉素浓度为50 mg/L时,碱茅的发芽率和根茎比低于对照,产生了抑制效应。结论:不同浓度赤霉素对提高碱茅种子耐盐性有不同程度的促进作用,以赤霉素浓度为20 mg/L时作用效果最佳。 相似文献
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以板蓝根品种安徽亳州种为试材,在100 mmol/L Na Cl盐胁迫处理下,研究了外源GA_3对盐胁迫下板蓝根种子萌发及幼苗生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:当外源GA_3的浓度达到100 mg/L时,板蓝根种子萌芽能力和幼苗生长表现最优;同时,幼苗光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO_2浓度的数值最大,分别为CO_2 5.53μmol/(m~2·s)、0.56 mmol/(m~2·s)、H_2O 216 mmol/(m~2·s)和287 mg/L;幼苗叶片中MDA含量达最低,而POD和SOD活性最高,其值分别为0.336μmol/g FW、26.65 U/(g·min)FW和272.53 U/(g·min)FW,可有效缓解盐胁迫对板蓝根种子萌发和幼苗生长造成伤害。 相似文献
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采用水培试验,研究了0.20mmol·L-1Cd2＋浓度下,0.10mmol·L-1亚精胺（Spd）浸种处理对油菜幼苗叶片抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明,Cd胁迫使油菜幼苗叶片褪绿,叶绿素总量及叶绿素a/b含量与对照相比极显著降低,Spd浸种处理可显著逆转这一变化,缓解叶片的褪绿现象。与Cd处理相比,Spd浸种显著或极显著提高了油菜幼苗中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和可溶性蛋白、谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量,从而降低了丙二醛（MDA）含量,极显著降低了超氧阴离子（O-2·）含量,缓解了Cd的氧化胁迫作用。总之,Spd浸种处理通过提高Cd胁迫下植株体内抗氧化酶及抗氧化剂活性,降低活性氧（ROS）水平来缓解重金属胁迫对油菜幼苗的伤害,提高幼苗的耐重金属能力。 相似文献
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为了比较不同倍性菘蓝对盐胁迫的耐受能力及其体内保护性酶的响应机制,采用在MS培养基中加入小同浓度的NaCl模拟盐胁迫处理,观测二倍体和四倍体菘蓝种子的萌发和幼苗生长状况,测定幼苗中丙二醛及脯氨酸含量,同时对其地上部分保护性酶SOD、POD和CAT的活性进行测定.对种子萌发、幼苗生长以及丙二醛和脯氨酸含量的测定结果均表明,四倍体较二倍体耐盐胁迫能力强.对其体内保护性酶的研究结果表明,在不同NaCl浓度下,起主要保护作用的酶是不同的,无论有无盐胁迫、NaCl浓度高低,四倍体中的SOD、POD和CAT三种保护性酶活性均高于二倍体,这说明在盐胁迫下四倍体菘蓝对活性氧的清除能力要高于二倍体菘蓝,部分解释了四倍体比二倍体对盐胁迫耐受能力高. 相似文献
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外源一氧化氮对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗活性氧代谢的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
研究了在100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,外源NO供体硝普钠（SNP）处理对耐盐性不同的2个番茄品种（沪番‘1480’和沪番‘2496’）幼苗叶片活性氧（ROS）水平和保护酶活性的影响。结果表明,外源NO提高了盐胁迫下SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性,AsA和GSH含量以及脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量,降低了MDA含量和O2- 产生速率;与耐盐品种‘1480’相比,NO处理对盐敏感品种‘2496’效果更明显。表明外源NO通过促进盐胁迫下保护酶活性、抗氧化剂和渗透调节物质的提高,降低ROS水平,缓解NaCl胁迫对番茄幼苗生长的抑制作用,增强植株的耐盐能力。 相似文献
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在室内用生物学方法研究了不同浓度香菇柄水提液浸种对油菜种子活力的影响。结果表明,0.005 g/mL 的水提液浸种对提高油菜种子活力的效果最佳。进一步研究表明,0.005 g/mL 的水提液浸种处理,使油菜种子在4℃低温下的发芽率显著提高,且幼苗经4℃低温胁迫两天后,叶片中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、 过氧化物酶（POD）活性,可溶性糖、 可溶性蛋白及叶绿素含量显著高于对照组,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）含量显著低于对照组,表明香菇柄水提液浸种处理油菜种子可提高其种苗的抗寒性。试验结果还表明,香菇柄水提液浸种处理油菜种子可提高油菜种苗的耐除草剂能力。 相似文献
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Seed predation is a key mortality factor for plants that reproduce by seeds. We investigated seed consumption by Cylindroiulus caeruleocinctus (Wood, 1864), an abundant representative of an unrecognised group of seed predators - the millipedes (Diplopoda: Julidae). The consumption of small seed species by millipedes was measured in the absence (41 species) and in the presence (11 species) of alternative food sources (dead leaves). We examined whether millipedes would consume seeds at all and if so whether there were any seed size constraints that determined millipede seed acceptance (i.e., the proportion of millipedes that ate seeds) and seed consumption (i.e., the mass of the seeds eaten). Our results indicated that C. caeruleocinctus readily accepted seeds with 75% of seed species accepted in a no-choice experiment and 100% of seed species in a choice experiment. Seed acceptance decreased with increasing seed mass but increased with increasing millipede mass. Seed consumption increased with the size of the offered seed species but was found to be independent of millipede mass. After the millipedes were given dead leaves to consume, the acceptance slightly decreased, and the consumption of the more preferred seed species decreased. Seeds form a small part of the millipede diet but are consumed regularly. Because of millipedes’ foraging preferences and their patchy distribution they may notably contribute to the local mortality of some seed species in their natural environment. 相似文献
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Overland flow and sediment transport can carry away seeds at the soil surface and in the soil, cause a secondary seed dispersal event, lead to seed redistribution, and influence the spatial distribution of seedling renewal, which plays an important role in vegetation restoration and succession. The objectives of this study were to investigate the process of seed loss on loess slopes and its relationship to the yield of runoff and sediment, the effects of rainfall intensity, slope gradient and seed morphology on seed removal. 相似文献
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Terrestrial orchids typically produce numerous small seeds that contain very small nutrient reserves. The seeds are structurally adapted for wind dispersal but little is known about their fate after dispersal. Some studies of seed viability in situ indicate survival for up to two years in temperate orchid species. Seeds stored in the laboratory may last much longer. We investigated seed viability of seven North American orchid species with seed packets buried in a range of soil and wood substrates within their natural habitats. In Goodyera pubescens most seeds germinated within one year. Four other species continued to germinate sparsely during the observation period, but after almost seven years many seeds were still viable. In one species, Liparis liliifolia, seeds that had been in situ for four years had germination rates as high as 68% when sown in vitro with a compatible fungus. The remaining two species did not germinate during the observation period but the seeds were judged to be intact and tested positively for viability after four years in the ground. These observations are interpreted as different species-specific strategies for in situ germination and their seed bank potential is discussed. 相似文献
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组合吸孔气吸式排种器研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
简述了组合吸孔气吸式排种器的构造及工作原理;通过回归分析,建立了种子在排种器内的运动方程式,在此基础上,对种子在排种器内的运动及受力进行了分析,同时探讨了影响排种性能的几个主要因素。 相似文献
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Erin Naegle Prachuab Kwanyuen Joseph Burton Thomas Carter Thomas Rufty 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(2):367-379
Soybean breeding programs have developed genetic lines with relatively low seed protein, which could negatively impact early seedling growth in low fertility conditions commonly encountered in the field. In these experiments, seed protein mobilization and its regulation in situ in soybean lines with different seed protein levels was investigated. The results showed that rates of nitrogen (N) release from cotyledons were much lower with decreasing levels of N in seed. Patterns of proteolysis of the storage proteins glycinin and β -conglycinin and their subunits were not different, but breakdown rates were slower. Seed N release rates increased somewhat when external N was supplied to roots of the developing seedlings, suggesting the involvement of source/sink controls. The effect appeared to be down-stream from proteolysis, as rates of protein breakdown were not altered. The results indicate that low seed protein levels will lead to reduced seedling fitness in low fertility soil conditions unless fertilizer N is applied. 相似文献
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以抗旱性不同的水稻品种旱116和湘早籼32号为材料,分别用0.25mmol·L-1的亚精胺(Spd)和水引发处理36 h后,在浓度为0、5%、10%、15%、20%和25%的PEG6000溶液中进行发芽试验,并测定幼苗生理生化指标。结果表明,Spd和水引发处理可显著提高水稻种子在水分胁迫条件下的活力,促进幼苗生长,显著提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及脯氨酸(Pro)和Spd的含量,明显降低丙二醛(MDA)含量。表明Spd和水引发处理对提高水分胁迫下水稻种子活力及增强幼苗抗旱性具有重要作用。试验还表明,引发处理对抗旱性较强的水稻品种旱116的引发效果好于抗旱性较弱的湘早籼32号,Spd的引发效果好于水。 相似文献