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1.
大气CO2浓度升高可直接或间接影响稻田CH4排放。深入研究长期大气CO2浓度升高对稻田CH4排放及其相关微生物的影响,对评估和应对未来气候背景下稻田CH4排放的响应具有重要意义。为探明长期大气CO2浓度升高对稻田CH4排放的影响及其机制,依托连续运行10年以上的中国稻田FACE（free-air CO2 enrichment）平台,观测2016—2017年正常大气条件（ACO2）和大气CO2浓度升高200 μmol?mol-1条件（ECO2）下稻田CH4排放通量、产甲烷菌和甲烷氧化菌群落丰度,并采用Meta分析方法定量研究CO2熏蒸年限对稻田CH4排放及其相关微生物群落丰度的影响。结果表明：对比ACO2处理,长期ECO2处理使稻田CH4排放降低28%（P<0.05）,产甲烷菌群落丰度降低39%（P<0.05）,同时甲烷氧化菌群落丰度增加21%（P>0.05）。Meta分析结果发现,随着CO2熏蒸年限的增加,大气CO2浓度升高对稻田CH4排放和产甲烷菌群落丰度的促进作用逐渐减弱,对甲烷氧化菌群落丰度的促进作用却逐渐增大。因此,未来气候条件下,长期大气CO2浓度升高会降低稻田CH4排放,这对缓解水稻种植带来的温室效应具有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
微生物介导的甲烷好氧氧化,对控制稻田甲烷排放起着重要作用。本文从基因、群落、活性等多个层次上解析CO2浓度缓增对稻田土壤甲烷好氧氧化过程的影响及其作用机理。依托于田间CO2浓度自动调控平台,在背景CO2浓度(AC)基础上,设置了CO2浓度缓增处理(每年增加40μL·L-1,持续4年)(EC)。采用室内泥浆培养以及高通量测序和定量PCR技术,对不同CO2处理下水稻关键生育期(分蘖期、拔节期、扬花期和乳熟期)土壤中的甲烷氧化潜势及其功能微生物的丰度和群落结构进行了系统研究。结果表明：大气CO2浓度升高促进了稻田甲烷氧化潜势和甲烷氧化菌丰度的增加;CO2浓度升高还使得土壤中甲烷氧化菌的群落结构发生了显著变化,其优势菌从Ⅱ型菌转变为Ⅰ型菌。CO2浓度升高所致的土壤中甲烷、氧气浓度以及氮素水平等的改变很可能对稻田甲烷氧化过程产生了重要影响。综合本研究发现,稻田甲烷氧化过程对大气CO2 相似文献
3.
针对中国FACE（Free Air CO2 Enrichment）平台的镇籼96、扬稻8号、II优084和扬两优6号四种水稻品种,采用新一代高通量测序技术,研究了水稻根系内生菌的整体微生物群落对未来大气CO2浓度升高的响应。结果表明,水稻内生菌群落中γ-变形菌纲的肠杆菌科相对丰度最高,占整体微生物群落的30.8%~59.8%。对于镇籼96、扬稻8号和II优084三种水稻品种,大气CO2浓度升高可能抑制了数量上占优势的微生物菌群（优势菌群）生长,而促进了数量上不占优势的微生物菌群（稀少菌群）繁殖。例如,对于II优084品种,相对丰度高于14.6%的4种水稻内生菌为肠杆菌科、假单胞菌科、黄单胞菌科和气单胞菌科,大气CO2浓度升高,这些优势菌群的相对丰度由74.8%降为67.2%;相反,稀少菌群主要由鞘脂杆菌科、丛毛单胞菌科、黄杆菌科及草酸杆菌科组成,其相对丰度则由4.13%增至16.9%,其中,与对照处理相比,鞘脂杆菌科相对丰度增加比例高达344倍,是大气CO2浓度升高的最敏感微生物类群。但对于水稻品种扬两优6号,根系内生菌对大气CO2浓度升高的响应模式与其他它三种品种不完全一致。这些研究结果表明,微生物的相对丰度可能是影响水稻根系内生菌对大气CO2浓度升高响应的重要因素,为研究全球变化下整体微生物结构与功能的演变规律提供了一定的依据。 相似文献
4.
亚硝酸盐型甲烷厌氧氧化（nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation, n-damo）是控制稻田甲烷排放的一种新途径，但有关其在稻田甲烷氧化中的贡献及其对大气CO2升高的响应尚不清楚。本文依托开顶式气室组成的CO2浓度自动调控平台，在环境 CO2浓度（CK）基础上，设置了CO2缓增处理（EC：每年增加 40 μL·L-1, 至采样时CO2浓度为CK+160 μL·L-1）。采用稳定性同位素示踪、定量PCR和高通量测序等手段，分析了不同CO2处理下水稻关键生育期（分蘖期、拔节期和开花期）稻田n-damo活性及其功能微生物Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera (M. oxyfera)-like细菌的丰度、多样性和群落组成。结果发现，EC处理在一定程度上刺激了土壤中n-damo活性以及M. oxyfera-like细菌丰度，且在拔节期达到了显著性水平。EC处理还使M. oxyfera-like细菌的群落组成发生了显著改变，并影响了其多样性。EC处理下土壤可溶性有机碳含量和无机氮含量的改变很可能是导致n-damo活性及M. oxyfera-like细菌群落结构发生变化的重要原因。综上，稻田n-damo过程对大气CO2浓度缓增具有正响应，表明了其在未来气候变化背景下对稻田甲烷减排的积极作用。 相似文献
5.
土壤甲烷氧化菌是大气甲烷（CH4）氧化的唯一生物汇。放牧能通过影响甲烷氧化菌的丰度和多样性来调控草地土壤的甲烷氧化活性。采集黄土高原典型草地冬季牧场中不同强度连续放牧的土壤样本,通过室内培养和高通量测序的方法测定不同放牧强度下土壤甲烷氧化活性以及土壤甲烷氧化菌的组成和丰度变化规律。结果表明,该草地是CH4汇,中放牧强度（MG）和高放牧强度（HG）增加了甲烷氧化速率。同时,与未放牧（CK）相比, MG和HG的甲烷氧化菌的平均丰度也显著增加。高通量测序结果显示,放牧对甲烷氧化菌的多样性有显著影响,不同放牧强度下均以USCγ为优势类群,同时存在少量的甲基暖菌属（Methylocaldum）和甲基孢囊菌属（Methylocystis）。皮尔森（Pearson）相关性分析表明,甲烷氧化速率（MOR）与土壤的水分含量和硝态氮的含量存在显著正相关（P < 0.05）,与USCγ的绝对数量存在极显著的正相关关系（P < 0.01）,这说明USCγ在该草地甲烷吸收过程中起主要作用。本研究证明了放牧可提升黄土高原典型草地的甲烷汇功能。 相似文献
6.
基于核酸DNA/RNA同位素示踪技术的水稻土甲烷氧化微生物研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
稳定性同位素示踪复杂土壤中微生物DNA/RNA的技术难点是13C-DNA/RNA的鉴定。本研究针对我国六种典型水稻土,利用稳定性同位素13CH4示踪活性的甲烷氧化菌,超高速密度梯度离心获得不同浮力密度DNA/RNA后,以甲烷氧化菌独有的pmo A功能基因和16S r RNA特异基因作为分子标靶,通过半定量凝胶电泳技术评价了特异基因作为分子标靶判定13C-DNA/RNA的可行性,进一步利用克隆文库技术研究水稻土中的活性甲烷氧化菌群落结构。结果表明:甲烷氧化菌功能基因pmo A作为分子标靶,能够准确鉴别13C-DNA,而甲烷氧化菌特异的16S r RNA基因则能较好地区分12C和13C标记的RNA,但13C-RNA中的非目标微生物污染高于13C-DNA示踪技术。进一步以13C-DNA和13C-RNA为模板,分别构建了pmo A和16S r RNA基因的克隆文库,系统发育分析表明I型菌主导了土壤甲烷氧化过程,其中江西鹰潭和黑龙江五常土壤中活性甲烷氧化菌全部属于Ia型,而四川资阳、浙江嘉兴、江苏常熟和江都土壤中Ia型和Ib型甲烷氧化菌均有发现,并且后者比例较低。这些结果表明分子标靶基因能够有效判定复杂土壤中的甲烷氧化菌13C-DNA/RNA,在DNA和RNA水平的结果基本一致,我国典型水稻土中活性甲烷氧化菌可能存在一定的地理分异规律。 相似文献
7.
王科 《广西农业生物科学》2009,(6):1211-1218
甲烷营养菌(methanotrophs)是一类以CH4为唯一碳源和能源的细菌,广泛分布在水稻土、森林土、苔原土、泥炭地、海洋与湖泊底泥、堆肥、垃圾填埋场及地下水等环境中,并作为大气甲烷(CH4)唯一的生物汇(库),在全球温室效应研究中备受关注。目前,关于土壤甲烷营养菌的研究主要包括菌株的多样性、生态分布以及环境因素对微生物氧化CH4过程的影响。本文从甲烷营养菌的分类入手,概述稻田土壤CH4的氧化与释放、旱地土壤CH4的氧化以及影响土壤CH4氧化的因素等方面的研究进展,同时介绍了土壤甲烷营养菌研究领域的几种主要的分子研究技术,以期为甲烷营养菌相关的研究提供参考。 相似文献
8.
揭全球气候变化导致丹麦格陵兰岛形成了旱地和间歇淹水的土壤景观,采用稳定性同位素核酸探针技术和高通量测序16S r RNA及pmoA基因的分析方法,开展了格陵兰岛旱地和间歇淹水土壤微宇宙培养试验,探究不同水分条件下冻土的甲烷氧化潜力及活性好氧甲烷氧化菌群落演替规律。结果表明:与旱地土壤相比,淹水土壤氧化高浓度甲烷的速率呈现降低趋势,分别为12.38和12.17μg/(g·d),但后者对甲烷碳同化利用效率显著高于前者,土壤~(13)C-有机碳原子百分比从自然丰度1.08%,分别增加至1.64%和1.99%。超高速密度梯度离心分析~(13)C-DNA发现甲烷氧化菌群落发生演替,旱地土壤中Crenothrix甲烷氧化菌16S rRNA基因丰度仅为0.04%,而在间歇淹水土壤中为23.78%,增幅高达557倍;类型Ⅱ甲烷氧化菌Methylosinus则从33.76%增至44.38%。然而,类型Ⅰ甲烷氧化菌Methylocaldum的丰度明显降低,从旱地土壤10.15%显著降低为间歇淹水0.14%;进一步通过pmo A基因高通量测序分析,也得到了类似的结果,特别是类型Ⅰ甲烷氧化菌RPCs从旱地土壤15.61%显著降低至间歇淹水土壤的0.13%。这些结果表明:尽管格陵兰冻土中经典的类型Ⅱ甲烷氧化菌主导了旱地土壤和间歇性淹水土壤好氧甲烷氧化过程,但水分可能是甲烷氧化菌群落演替的重要环境驱动力,水分增加导致活性的类型Ⅰ种群丰度降低,同时显著刺激了新型甲烷氧化菌Crenothrix的大量生长并可能在间歇淹水土壤中发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
9.
目前,常用的高通量测序技术只能得到微生物群落结构的物种种类和相对丰度,而整合高通量绝对定量法（iHAAQ）结合了高通量测序技术和qPCR技术,可以进一步计算得到微生物群落结构的绝对含量。相对丰度和绝对含量均是描述微生物群落结构的必备指标,其中相对丰度适合描述和评价微生物群落结构在单个样本内微生物之间的关系,而绝对含量更适于描述和评价微生物群落结构真实的数量变化以及在样本间微生物之间的关系。本研究基于发表的香蕉土传病害、再造沙地农业生态系统和微生物抑制剂作用3篇文献的高通量测序和qPCR数据,通过整合高通量绝对定量法获得3篇文献中古菌域、细菌域和真核生物域的真菌三类微生物群落结构的绝对含量数据,并进一步计算出这三类微生物整体（简称三域微生物）的绝对含量和相对丰度,从而对土壤微生物群落结构不同物种的相对丰度和绝对含量进行分析,旨在更加深入、准确地揭示土壤微生物群落及其生态功能。结果表明：（1）土壤中细菌的物种丰度和绝对含量高于古菌和真菌,在三域微生物中占据主导地位,缺乏绝对含量指标可能造成对微生物群落结构变化理解的偏差;（2）基于相对丰度和绝对含量数据分析,微生物群落结构α多样性指数结果相同,但β多样性指数结果不同;（3）在香蕉土传病害和再造沙地农业生态系统研究中,三域微生物的PCoA结果与细菌的结果较为相似,表明这两项研究中三域微生物群落结构主要受细菌的影响,但在微生物抑制剂的研究中未发现类似结果。整合高通量绝对定量法可以应用于所有同时进行高通量测序和qPCR测序的研究,在未来的土壤微生物群落结构研究中,采用高通量绝对定量法开展三域微生物群落的物种种类、相对丰度和绝对含量的整体评价,具有重要的生态学意义。 相似文献
10.
Na+和K+共存对A2/O工艺脱氮除磷效果及污泥性质的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了揭示多种金属离子共存的含盐废水生物处理系统污染物的去除机制和污泥特性,考察Na~+、K~+共存对A~2/O工艺污染物去除率、污泥性质和微生物群落的影响,采用高通量测序技术分析了厌氧区、缺氧区和好氧区的微生物群落结构,结合脱氮除磷效果和污泥性质的变化,探讨不同Na~+/K~+摩尔比下A~2/O工艺优势种群的演替规律,以期从微生物角度明确Na~+、K~+共存对含盐废水污染物去除率的影响。结果表明:当进水Na~+/K~+摩尔比分别为2、1和0.5时,A~2/O工艺的COD去除率分别为80%、84%和86%,TN去除率分别为73%、77%和80%,K~+浓度的提高缓解了Na~+对COD和TN去除率的抑制作用;厌氧区释磷率分别为70%、73%和74%,缺氧区吸磷率分别为53%、55%和58%,好氧区吸磷率分别为70%、72%和75%。随着进水Na~+/K~+摩尔比的降低,厌氧区、缺氧区和好氧区微生物群落的丰富度和多样性降低,微生物群落差异显著,变形菌门的相对丰度均升高约30%,拟杆菌门和绿弯菌门相对丰度逐渐降低。陶氏菌属和固氮弧菌属作为优势菌属,其相对丰度逐渐增大,有利于氮磷污染物的去除。通过增加K~+的浓度有利于提高氮、磷去除率,增强污泥的生物絮凝性和反硝化聚磷菌的活性。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
18.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
19.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
20.
Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico
and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria
(Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite
amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation.
Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured
as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions. 相似文献